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The effect of accent and bilingualism on language-based social preferences in children
Jarůšková, Lucie ; Chládková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
In society, people naturally prefer to interact with certain individuals more than with others, both in adulthood and in childhood. Current research shows that listeners favor speakers with a native accent over speakers with a foreign accent. Some previous studies have suggested that the negative attitudes towards foreign-accented speakers might be mitigated by an individual's bilingual experience - but this effect of bilingualism has not yet been reliably demonstrated. The effects of accent and bilingualism on language-based social preferences in childhood, namely in Czech, are the focus of the present work. The empirical part consists of an experiment which included 51 monolingual and 51 bilingual children aged 4-9 years and tested whether their friendship choices are influenced by type of accent: foreign versus native. The results show an overall preference for native accent which increases with age. These results are consistent with previous research: perceptual sensitivity and social preferences for native accents are already present in childhood and increase with age, also in children acquiring Czech. There was no effect of bilingualism to moderate native accent preference detected; however, due to the heterogeneity of the sample of bilingual children, a more detailed analysis is needed in...
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State-of-the-art phonetics and its implementation into foreign-language teaching methods at elementary schools
Slížková, Petra ; Chládková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Veroňková, Jitka (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to find innovative ways of teaching foreign languages in Czech elementary schools. The thesis aims to discover new concepts for teaching, which derive from the principals of CLIL - Content and Language Integrated Training, reflects scholarly findings derived from studies relating to language acquisition and also takes into consideration the needs and specifics of the Czech educational system. The thesis presents a proposal of a new teaching method: Prime Language Acquisition - PrimeLA. Key words: language acquisition, L1 acquisition, L2 acquisition, L3 acquisition, foreign language teaching, CLIL, elementary education
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Child nutrition in kindergartens and healthsupportive programs
Chládková, Kateřina ; Engelthalerová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Hronzová, Marie (referee)
The content of this thesis is the theoretical analysis of the "Healthy alphabet", whose aim is the establishment of healthy living habits in the form of education for preschool-aged children. Based on the theoretical basis of the program, the object of my research is to determine how the program is used in practice, i.e. in kindergartens. The thesis also includes the issue of overweight and obesity in children, which is particularly linked to the lifestyle of the individual. In addition, I will concentrate on the subject of nutrition and nutritional composition of the human diet. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The role of referent animacy in the morphological paradigm knowledge of preschoolers
Doležalová, Natálie ; Smolík, Filip (advisor) ; Chládková, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on knowledge in the field of Czech morphology among preschoolers. Specifically, it focuses on the area of flexion of nouns and explores the question of whether the semantic animacy of referents has an effect on the choice of the form of the inflected word. The theoretical part deals with general developmental psycholinguistics with a focus on children aged 3-5 years and especially the grammatical side of language acquisition. The main part of the analytical section is an experiment performed by the method of elicited production of pseudowords, inspired by the so-called "wug test" (Berko, 1958). With the help of fictional images showing animacy or non-animacy, the flexion of the pseudowords with characteristic symptoms for male and female pattern is investigated. Based on the results of this experiment, an analysis of the investigated phenomenon was created, which serves to verify the hypothesis that semantic animacy affects the target form of the word.
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Bilingualism as a disadvantage? Lexical retrieval in the bilinguals' first language
Hamanová, Marie - Anna ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Chládková, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis focuses on lexical retrieval in bilinguals' first language. The aim of the work is to follow up on the research conducted abroad which has shown that lexical retrieval in the first language of bilinguals is slower than lexical retrieval in matched monolinguals. The present thesis is based on an experiment consisting of a verbal fluency task and a picture naming task; the participants were 152+120 students of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University with varying levels of their L2 (ranging from speakers with low proficiency in L2 to almost balanced bilinguals). In contrast to the previous research, this project thus views L2 proficiency as differentiated along a scale. The results of both tasks suggest that lexical retrieval in native speakers of Czech with high proficiency in L2 is not slower than in matched speakers with low proficiency in L2. Analysis of reaction times in the picture naming task also indicates the involvement of frequency and cognate effects.
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Spoken communication in context: Integrating language as a discriminative code into enactive cognition
Oceláková, Zuzana ; Chládková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Volín, Jan (referee)
Spoken communication is only one of many types of human interaction with the environment. The aim of this thesis is to propose a theory of spoken communication based on basic principles of cognition, which govern all our behaviour. To this end, two established theoretical positions are integrated: 1) the skilled intentionality framework (an enactive view of cognition) and 2) a discriminative approach to human communication. According to the resulting theory, communication is a skilful shaping of an interlocutor's envi- ronment which serves to fulfil the agent's positively biased expectations about her own situation. Language is presented as an assemblage of sociomaterial regularities that make this skilful behaviour possible. The suggested perspec- tive is radically action-oriented, in contrast with traditional representational, content-based approaches. The proposed view is then applied to two specific phenomena widely studied within speech sciences (namely categoricality of speech and turn taking) and is confronted with selected empirical findings. Possibilities of empirical testing of the suggested theory are discussed.
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Reprezentation of Master Jan Hus Being Burned in Contemporary Czech Society
Chládková, Kateřina ; Činátl, Kamil (advisor) ; Randák, Jan (referee)
The presented bachelor's thesis is concerned with the topic of the portrayal of Jan Hus in the connection with the 600th jubiliee of his death, which was commemorated in year 2015. It is focused primarily on the way particular media perform the story of Jan Hus and on the influence of the nature of the media to the resulting image of Hus. There are three types of media which serves for this thesis as the main source: an exhibition of the Hussite museum in Tábor called Jan Hus 1415/2015, a movie by Jiří Svoboda also called Jan Hus, and a novel by Vlastimil Vonduška called The Hussite's Epopeia I. The character of contemporary commemorative practice is here analyzed by way of comparation with the older representations. This thesis also observes mechanisms which are used by particular representations in order to push through within the commemorative culture. The analyses of the sources in this paper is based on the concept of Cultural Memory Studies (Jan Assmann, Astrid Erll, Aleida Assmann) and on the concept of Memory Sites by Pierre Nora. Key words: Jan Hus, cultural memory, memory site, new media, politics of memory, historical culture Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Child nutrition in kindergartens and healthsupportive programs
Chládková, Kateřina ; Engelthalerová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Hronzová, Marie (referee)
The content of this thesis is the theoretical analysis of the "Healthy alphabet", whose aim is the establishment of healthy living habits in the form of education for preschool-aged children. Based on the theoretical basis of the program, the object of my research is to determine how the program is used in practice, i.e. in kindergartens. The thesis also includes the issue of overweight and obesity in children, which is particularly linked to the lifestyle of the individual. In addition, I will concentrate on the subject of nutrition and nutritional composition of the human diet. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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