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Comparison of two methods of soil organic matter fractionantion
Fryčová, Kateřina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee)
Comparison of two different soil organic matter fractionation methods Soil organic matter (SOM) significantly affects physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and plays also a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. In order to simulate SOM dynamics a number of mathematical models have been developed. These models divide SOM into several theoretical pools according to their stability. Unfortunately, lacking experimental procedure which could measure these pools directly, although for this purpose a wide range of fractionation procedures were developed, that are trying identified empirical fractions with theoretical model pools. An objective of this experiment was to reproduce two fractionation procedures on a set of twenty-seven laboratory-prepared samples: according to Six and according to Zimmermann and to compare their results. Also the relationship between respiration and the amount of carbon in different pools was compared. The most significant differences were found in active pools, where Six's method found twice as much carbon than Zimmermann's one. Finally response of both method results to various environmental parameters (mineral composition, litter type and soil mixing) was compared. According to the results of Zimmermann's method the amount of carbon in different pools was mainly...
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Colluvial soils - their characteristics and spatial delineation at chosen study areas in the Czech republic
Zádorová, Tereza ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee) ; Sobocká, Jaroslava (referee)
Colluvial soils, formed in areas of increased accumulation of soil material, represent an important element in landscape and soil mosaic, whose development is still in progress. Their spatial distribution and profile thickess are considered to be important indicators of processes leading to significant landscape changes. Their importance also consists in very deep humus horizon which makes them a vast storage of organic carbon. Mapping of colluvial soils represents a substantial contribution in the update process of classic soil maps. The aim of the thesis is a complex analysis of the colluvial soil unit in terms of its relation to soil properties, terrain and geological predispositions and relevance in soil mapping. The study results are based mainly on detailed terrain survey, digital terrian model analysis and modern pedometric methods application. The research was proceeded in three study areas with significant pedological and geological differences and various predisposiotion for colluviation intensity and velocity and resulting character of colluvial profiles. Diverse character of the study areas was the main factor of the spatial distribution and properties of the colluvial soils. In Chernozem region, intensive erosion resulted in formation of colluvial soils characterized by thick humus...
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Mercury speciation determined by thermo-desorption analysis at two sites contaminated by mining
Hojdová, Maria ; Navrátil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee) ; Hruška, Jakub (referee)
Historic mercury mining represents an envinrnmental threat due to high llg concentration in waste materia|. Mercur1'ores \\'ere mined for more than l50 years at t\ťo siles in the centr.a| ('zech Republic, hut thc extent of Hg contamination in the vicinity of former l-lg mining sites has not been yet inr'stigatď. The objectives of the study weÍe to eva|uate thc Hg sorrrces in mine wastes. assess the extent of Hg contamination in historical ntining area ancl to cstimate potential mohility of Hg in the mine waste and soils. The method of thermal tlesorption in combination tvith Í(.P-oES (TDA-lCP.oEs) has been app|ie<l to dctermine llg speciation irr solid samples. Mine rvaste matďa| was samp|e<| at two mining sites. .|edová Hora and Svatá, in ccntral Bohemia. Three soi| profi|es were col|cclď to caphlre likely high and low impact sites rvithin the mining area at Jedová l{ora' Database of thcmto-<|esorption cun,cs o[ I{g chemica| conrpottnds ant| rcference materia|s was crcated for the TDÁ ftrr comparativc purposes. Both mine wastes and soils collected near the llg nines were highly elcvated in total l-lg corcentrations (up to 120 pg g-r and l0 pg g-', respectively). Soils exhibited the highest tlg concentrations mostly in subsurface Ah soil horizons. Higher lJg concentrations in Ah horizons relative...
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Hygienic safety of outdoor playgrounds with sandbox
Abertová, Jana ; Borůvka, Luboš (advisor) ; Anna, Anna (referee)
Playgrounds represent danger of a direct input of hazardous substances into children`s organism, that`s why they require a special attention. The diploma thesis deals with hygienic safety of outside playgrounds with sandpits in scope of valid legislation and medical risks, which might be caused by contamination.
The aim of the thesis is to assess the level of microbiological, parasitical and chemical contamination and hygienic safety of sand in outside playgrounds with sandpits in Hradec Kralove.
To check the contamination, samples of sand were taken in outside playgrounds with sandpits destined for children in Hradec Kralove. Safety parameters of taken samples were rated according to notice No. 238/2011 Coll., about setting of hygienic requirements for swimming pools, saunas and hygienic limits for sand in sandpits of outside playgrounds. The evaluation of samples was concentrated on microbiological, chemical and parasitical contamination of sandpits, which was analyzed by Medical Institute based in Usti nad Labem. The influence of position of playground within the town (city center vs. outskirts), time of collecting samples and age of each sandpit were judged.
The sandpits in Hradec Kralove in the years 2014 and 2015 were microbially contaminated over established limits only in one case. Parasitical or chemical contamination was not found in any case.
Next conclusion is that sandpits at end of season are contaminated by microorganisms about 18 % more often than at start of season and at the same time that sandpits in city center are contaminated about 14 % more frequently than in outskirts. New sandpits are often contaminated by thermotolerant coliform bacteria than old sandpits. From the point of view of chemical contamination, sandpits in city center are more contaminated by chemicals, however statistical difference is not significant. The discovered values of sand at start and end of season were misrepresented by addition of sand in sandpits in the course of main season.
Sandpits in Hradec Kralove had a high level of hygienic safety, which is determined in law No 258/2000 Coll., about protection of public health.
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Comparison of organic carbon stocks in soils with different land use
Rašková, Renáta ; Borůvka, Luboš (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to determine and compare the carbon stocks in selected locations.
Three localities were selected in Vyškov region. In each locality four types of soil according to their use were examined - forest, arable land, grass land and urban soil. From each type of soil four samples were taken which were located 10 meters from each other. Samples were taken by soil auger from 0 to 40 cm depth in November 2015. All samples were dried, ground and sieved. Consequently humus content was determined in samples by the Tyurin method. From these results content and stocks of organic carbon were calculated in each locality and each type of land use and all results were compared with each other.
Contribution of this thesis was to confirm or disprove hypothesis and to provide helpful information on Vyškov region.
Hypothesis: The stock of carbon in forest soil is higher than in arable land. The stock of carbon in arable land is higher than in urban soils.
The highest content of SOC was in forest soils and the highest stock of organic carbon was in arable land. Results show that the stock of carbon in soil is affected by land use and also by the way of management.
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Possibility of using VIS - NIR spectroscopy for predicting the properties of forest soils
Kratina, Josef ; Borůvka, Luboš (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this PhD thesis was an objective assessment of application of VNIR spectroscopy for predicting properties of forest soils. For each soil property were found the most appropriate combination of statistical methods for pre-processing (continuum removal, 1. derivation, 2. derivation) and processing (PLSR, PCR, SVM) of certain spectral bands. As generally successful shows a combination of methods 1. derivation and support vector machine throughout the VNIR spectral range (400-2500 nm). In some cases, however, they proved to other models. Among the best predictable features include pH, content of oxidizable carbon, aluminum, iron, silicon, or calcium (at higher concentrations). Not very high success rate prediction was found in indicators that take low values (sodium, manganese, aluminum or ferrous complexes). The results show that VNIR spectroscopy method is applicable for predicting properties of forest soils. It can not completely replace traditional analysis, but it can very well complement, especially in practice. For example, when the soil mapping can help thicken network data and refine the information better than other methods of spatial estimation. It is applicable in cases where it is required large amounts of data in a short timeframe and at minimal cost. It is suitable for monitoring trends over time, or for a quick survey of an area.
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Assessment of potentially toxic element contents in forest soils of selected regions with differing level of pollution
Džermanská, Lenka ; Borůvka, Luboš (advisor) ; Přemysl, Přemysl (referee)
The work is focused for the use of the monitoring of the content of RP realized ÚKZÚZ in forest soils Novohradské Mountains and the Beskydy mountain, statistical assessment of the level of RP content in soils and their spatial distribution and evaluation of the influence of factors, statistical comparison between the different areas of content, different types of vegetation, soil horizons (analysis of variance, t-test). They assessed the relationship between the content of individual RP and RP between content and soil properties (correlation and regression analysis). The work also contains maps of the spatial distribution of content RP in forest soils of the area.
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Contents and forms of potentially toxic elements in reclaimed dumpsite soils after brown coal mining in Northern Bohemia
Vasilkova, Anna ; Borůvka, Luboš (advisor) ; Jarmila, Jarmila (referee)
It is an ordinary practice to cover the areas after brown-coal mining with natural topsoil cover (topsoiling). Topsoiling is removal one topsoil from agricultural land, forest or area with vegetation and excavating to another place with poor organic matter content or in our case the brown-coal mining dumpsite. Advantages of topsoiling include higher organic matter and greater available water-holding capacity and nutrient content. Content of potentially toxic elements is very low. Ammonia nitrate (NH4NO3) extraction, BCR sequential analysis and aqua regia determination were applied in this study to prove that the proportion of bioavailable forms of PTE in reclaimed soils is also low. Amounts of potentially toxic elements were compared between different types of reclamation: an agricultural shown higher value for Pb and Cd, forestry has only one contaminant -- Cd. The research shows that toxicity of soil is low and has no dangerous influence for agricultural application.
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