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The Kingdom of Sumpa in the Light of Tibetan Sources.
Aguas Maisels, Bruno ; Berounský, Daniel (advisor) ; Hrubý, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the term Sumpa in all its connotations, as a name of the tribe, clan name, and name of the area inhabited by them. Sumpa is portrayed as a confederation of nomadic tribes that inhabited the areas in present-day northeastern Tibet from early historical times to the seventh century when their territory was annexed by the rising Tibetan Empire and they were assimilated. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part aims to present a brief overview of the history of these people, their origin, defeat, and assimilation, as well as the possible extent of their territory and traces they left in the area. In the second part, the English translation of the relevant section from a Tibetan work named The Great History of Domé, Domé logyü chenmo (mDo smad lo rgyus chen mo), along with its transcription in the appendix, will be presented.
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sGra sbyor bam po gnyis pa, An Early Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary of Buddhist Terms.
Barát, Denis ; Berounský, Daniel (advisor) ; Hojer Lama, Nima (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the royal translation project during the early period of the transmission of Buddhism to Tibet. This period is remarkable for both the amount of translated literature and for the high level of standardization. One of the tools for the centralization of translation, the normative treatise sGra sbyor bam po gnyis pa, is the main topic of this thesis. This treatise provides fixed Tibetan equivalents of more than four hundred Sanskrit terms based on their grammatical and hermeneutical explanations. The first fourteen terms will be translated here to shed light on the approaches the Tibetan translators employed in fixing Tibetan terminology. It will be shown that the creators of the normative terminology firmly and creatively based themselves on the earlier Indian Buddhist hermeneutical and grammatical tradition with the intention of producing meaningful Tibetan translations that are firmly grounded in doctrinal considerations. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Kagjüpa - school of Tibetam Buddhism
Peleška, Čeněk ; Berounský, Daniel (advisor) ; Vokurková, Zuzana (referee)
This work focuses on one of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism named Kagyüpa. And mainly, on a lineage that comes from Marpa Translator and are therefore sometimes called Marpa Kagyü or Dagpo Kagyü. The second of its main lines - Shangpa Kagyü - there will be mentioned only in brief and will not be given so much space to it. The aim of this work is to describe the history of the school, the source from which it came. And describe its various branches and subsects which are divided over time. Notice will be given to most important figures, which gave birth to the different branches and offshoots, founders of major monasteries and interesting persons of this school.
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The Practice of Sky Burials in Tibet
Brzoňová, Monika ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Berounský, Daniel (referee)
Sky burial is a common funeral practice in Tibet. A human corpse is cut into small pieces and placed on a mountaintop (called durtro), exposing it to the elements and animals - especially to birds of prey. In Tibetan the practice is known as jhator (Tibetan bya gtor), which literally means "giving alms to the gods". As the name implies, jhator is considered an act of generosity: the deceased and his/her surviving relatives are providing food to sustain living beings. Because the majority of Tibetans adhere to Buddhism, which teaches reincarnation, generosity and compassion for all beings are important virtues or paramita in Buddhism. So the function of the sky burial is simply the disposal of the remains. In much of Tibet the ground is too hard and rocky to dig a grave, and with fuel and timber scarce, a sky burial is often more practical than cremation. This graduation theses enlarge about this ritual in all his connotation, i.e. historical, religious, culturology and philosophical meanings. It also enlighten about Tibetan approach to the death and funeral services in Tibet. The primal problem is the phenomena of sky burial and it's course, sense and other overlaps (like astrology, medicine, ethics, enviromentalism, iconography and so on).
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The Roots of the Present Situation in Tibet (History of Tibet 1933 - 1959)
Pinker, Filip ; Berounský, Daniel (advisor) ; Slobodník, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to create the comprehensive summary of modern Tibetan history before and after Chinese invasion, primarily the period between the years 1933-1959. At the same time the description of discrepancies between respective researchers is emphasized. Although high-quality secondary literature was used, there can be found minor or major contradictions in the statements of reputable scientists. For this reason there are mentioned both statements in these cases. Description of possible reason of the contradiction is also included. Several major discrepancies between the researchers' statements have been found, which were elaborated more precisely. Summary of a part of modern Tibetan history was created as well, because there is a lack of Czech language publications concerning this topic.
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The Bonpo Mendrup (sMan sgrub) Ritual: Its Medicine, Texts, Traceable History, and Current Practice
Sehnalová, Anna ; Berounský, Daniel (advisor) ; Gerke, Barbara (referee) ; Cantwell, Cathy (referee)
The Bonpo Mendrup (sMan sgrub) Ritual: Its Medicine, Texts, Traceable History, and Current Practice Abstract This thesis studies the mendrup (sman sgrub) ritual of the Tibetan Bon religious tradition. The mendrup rite comprises a specific tantric meditative practice and consecration rite, which is ascribed great efficacy for both physical and mental healing and spiritual progress. The mendrup practice is conducted for curing ailments, rejuvenation, longevity, as well as general well-being and prosperity. When performed on a large scale, the Bonpo mendrup ritual represents one of the most elaborate healing rituals of present Tibetan milieu, and likely one of the rarest, special, most demanding and expensive Tibetan rituals performed. This work is concerned with one particular conduction of the ritual, which took place in the Bonpo exile monastery of Triten Norbutse in Kathmandu, Nepal, in December 2012. The thesis is based on both textual sources and ethnographic observation, and examines this Bonpo mendrup performance from various aspects. Firstly, it traces and compares the oral and written histories of the ritual, showing that the practice has probably emerged in the twelfth and thirteenth century in Central Tibet. Historical accounts on the practice are put into context with its current performance in...
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Ritual use of skull in Tibet.
Hanker, Martin ; Berounský, Daniel (advisor) ; Vokurková, Zuzana (referee)
This study's primary ambition is to present an overview of the key texts from a genre of Tibetan craniological manuals (Tib. thod brtags) as well as some of their translations, thus illustrating the diversity of this tradition. Based on the reviewed material, a comparison with secondary literature will be made and a few re-evaluations of known facts suggested. Because the only available comprehensive translation of any craniological text was published in 1888 (!) and all the subsequent works have relied on it without necessary critical approach, I decided to translate that original text once again and reveal any possible misinterpretations. As a result, I hope this thesis will contribute to the already present academic (mainly ethnographical oriented) discussion about the use of skulls in Tibet, as its philological support, hence filling up this blank methodological spot. Keywords Tibetan studies, Tibetology, Philology, Tibet, Buddhism, vajrayāna, tantra, ritual object, ritual vessel, human skull, calvaria, cranium, skull cup, craniology, manual, Kapālika gal gnad ming tshig bod, chos, bon, kapāla, ka li, thod pa, thod phor, thod bum, thod zhal, thod rus, bha+ndha, bhandha, ban+dha, bhan ja, dung chen, thod brtag, thod brtags, thod rabs, thod bshad, thod pa'i mtshan, snod, sgrub rdzas, thod sgrub,...
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Buddhist Rituals of Death in Contemporary Korea
Zemánek, Marek ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (referee) ; Berounský, Daniel (referee)
The aim of the dissertation is to present the complex system of Buddhist rituals of death. Being the first lengthy study on the topic written outside Korea, this work introduces these rituals in the context of the rich Korean religious scene and indicates its connection to other religious and philosophical ideas present in the Sinitic cultural area. The dissertation is structured into five sections, each of which approaches the rituals from a different perspective. The "Introduction," presents the methodology, including the theoretical framework; textual research of ritual texts and fieldwork are the two key methodological approaches used to study the topic at hand. Chapter 2, "The Ritual Constituents," is an attempt to define an apparatus for analysis of the rituals. The two-axis scheme is an attempt to provide a tool, which will help us grasp not only the relative "richness" of the ritual but also its variability. Chapter 3, "The Structure and Typology of the Rituals," presents an overall analysis of the ritual process from the deathbed, to rebirth, and beyond. Its structure is based on contemporary rituals. I also use examples from Korean historical sources to demonstrate that certain types of rituals have been standard ritual activities throughout the history of Korean Buddhism. Chapter 4, "The...
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Genealogy of Ya-ngal Family of Dolpo (Critical Edition of the Text, Translation into Englich, Analyses of Abbreviations and Introduction to he Dolpo Dialect)
Hojer Lama, Nima ; Berounský, Daniel (advisor) ; Vokurková, Zuzana (referee) ; Ramble, Charles (referee)
1 Abstract The thesis deals primarily with the Tibetan text of The Genealogy of Ya-ngal Family of Dolpo, which is an important document concerning the history of Western Tibet. The text itself has never been fully translated and there are also different manuscript versions of it, which contain partially different reading. The various manuscript versions have been compared and the critical edition of the text has been established. This formed the basis for translation of the entire text into English. This core of the dissertation is preceded by necessary background information on the region of Dolpo, its history and a significance of the role the Ya-ngal family played in it. Second chapter contains the translation of the Genealogy with detailed comments in the footnotes. The entire text has been divided into chapters, whose titles are given in the square brackets indicating thus that they are missing in the original text. The third chapter focuses mainly on the specific abbreviations of written words used across the entire text of the Genealogy, since there is hardly any literature in western languages dealing with this topic. This part is introduced by brief linguistic description of the Dolpo dialect of Tibetan. It is followed by general introduction of the abbreviating styles in Tibetan scriptures. The...
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