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Economic Integration in North America: Theory and Reality of Rules of Origin
Dotřelová, Anna ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor)
Rules of origin are somehow overlooked but crucial feature of the free trade areas. They prevent trade deflection but they may also cause changes of producers' behavior. In the first part of this work the impact of restrictive rules of origin formulation will be described. In the later part the attention is focused on the rules of origin in the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), their specification as well as their impact on trade. The main aim is to measure the height of NAFTA's transaction costs connected with the preferential treatment. We use a new approach to estimate these costs, based on detailed elaboration of the Harmonized Schedule of the United States, detailed import data on HS6 level and comparison of gravity models' results in different preference margin groups. Our result suggests that NAFTA's compliance costs are somewhere between 4.6% and 4.9% percent of the import value
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Gravity model and efficiency of trade between China and EU countries: Visegrad group, Germany, Austria
Papoušek, Radan ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
Bibliographic note Papoušek Radan. Gravity model and efficiency of trade between China and EU countries: Visegrad group, Germany, Austria. Praha 2017. 87 p. Master's thesis (Mgr.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Eco- nomic Studies. Supervisor: doc. Ing. Vladimír Benáček CSc. Character count: 115 210 Abstract The thesis analyzes bilateral trade between China and Visegrad group (V4), Austria, and Germany. I use panel data of 23 countries across 1995-2015 to esti- mate gravity model. I compare the countries among themselves (time-series view) and analyze the development of the crucial variables employed in the model (cross- sectional view). Further, I estimate efficiency scores based on stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Connecting the findings from all three perspectives provides com- prehensive picture of the trade relations of the given countries with China. The thesis reveals that accession to EU was beneficial for trade between V4 and China. Global value chains (GVCs) also help to intensify the trade exchange between the European countries and China. I find that Austria and Germany exhibit higher effi- ciency scores for their exports mainly due to better positions in global value chains. V4's trade balance with China is very sensitive to the decisions of the international...
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The effect of the New Silk Road on EU-China trade
Philipps, Andreas ; Paulus, Michal (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis tries to investigate which impact the new Silk Road announced 2013 by the Chinese president has on EU-China trade potentials. The so called OBOR initiative is an infrastructure project that aims to promote trade facilitation along the ancient Silk Road. The initiative includes more than 60 countries. The gravity model of trade will be applied to run a simulation exercise to estimate trade potentials from the EU to China and vice versa. The results suggest that China can increase its trade potential to the EU. Among the EU countries there are winners and losers. Those countries which participate in the initiative will benefit from an increased trade potential others will lose trade potential.
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Organ Trade in India - The Grey Area
Ramesh, Pavithra ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
Master Thesis Abstract Institute of Political Studies Faculty of Social Sciences Charles University in Prague Author: Pavithra Ramesh Supervisor: Janusz Salamon, Ph.D. E-mail: Pavithra.ramesh14@gmail.co m E-mail: janusz.salamon@univ- oxford.com Phone: +420774960096 Phone: +420731816202 Specialisation: IEPS Defense Planned: June 2017 Topic: Bioethics is the study concerned with the implications of medical procedures, technologies and treatments from the perspective of ethics, philosophy, law and its implementation. It encompasses a wide range of ethical concerns in relation to organ transplants, genetic engineering, artificial reproduction, euthanasia etc. My thesis is an attempt to probe into certain ethical nuances amidst the technological advances in the field of medicine. Particularly, with respect to organ trade in India. Since the origin of medicine the primal goals have followed the Hippocratic Oath of "Cure sometimes, treat often, comfort always." (Adams 1891). The questions this perception of early medicine leaves us with are: Have we withdrawn from the compassion and ethics prescribed with the advent of advanced lab technology? What are the issues around organ trade in India? What causes these issues? And how can this be dealt with? The approach to pursue the answers for the above, revolves around...
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The Chinese economy: growth, transition and production
Štursa, Zbyněk ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Soudek, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis explored roots of Chinese human capital, which was very high (relative to other developing countries with similar GDP per capita) at the beginning of the Chinese market transition in 1978. It also explored a political, social and economic environment during reforms in which human capital was able to transform into labour productivity. The thesis also focused on obtaining figures of the Chinese Total Factor Productivity for years 1962 - 2014 and their analysis. High Chinese human capital has origin in era of Traditional China, when China adopted a large sense for entrepreneurism and business, and in Mao Zedong's period, which brought a functioning system of health care and education for middle and lower classes. A relative political stability, a turning to the familiar economic structure and "dual-track" strategy was very important for a transformation of human capital into labour productivity. My analysis of the Total Factor Productivity (the TFP) showed that the TFP in 2014 was higher by 45% than in 1977. Keywords labour productivity, total factor productivity, human capital, China, market transition, economic reforms and stability Author's e-mail: stursa16@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail: vladimir.benacek@fsv.cuni.cz
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Empirical Essays in Institutional Microeconomics
Schwarz, Jiří ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee) ; Bjørnskov, Christian (referee) ; Berggren, Niclas (referee)
The dissertation consists of three empirical papers in institutional microeconomics. The first paper examines the role of institutional quality in international trade, the second paper focuses on unintended consequences of intellectual property rights for social welfare, and the last one addresses the impact of banking on corporate financing and investment. An introductory chapter puts these three papers into perspective. In the first paper I analyze the role of institutions in price dispersion among cities in the European region in the 1996-2009 period. Using a number of institutional quality measures I find that the better the institutions, the lower the predicted dispersion. The result is robust to different specifications of the regression model and is consistent with a hypothesis that arbitrage, as an entrepreneurial activity and the main power behind the law of one price, is influenced by institutional quality. In the second paper I use a large data set of U.S. patents applied for between 1980 and 2007 by 22 large technology companies to study development of strategic patenting over time and across industries. Using two complementary methods I reveal strong evidence against the hypothesis of more strategic patenting after 1995. Contrary to the expectations, aerospace patents appear to be on average...
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Comparative Analysis of Determinants of Trade in Services: Cases of Ireland and United Kingdom
Saktor, Ira ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Paulus, Michal (referee)
This thesis aims to estimate determinants of Services Export from Ireland and United Kingdom. The main contribution of the research lies in the multiple aggregations and categories at which the determinants are examined. Also, this thesis is up to date, to the best knowledge of the author, one of the most exhaustive and deep studies applying gravity model of trade to the exports of services. The core of this thesis consists of the evaluation of determinants for Travel and Business Travel for both, Ireland and United Kingdom; and subsequent analysis of the differences. Furthermore, other categories are discussed. Gravity Model with additional explanatory variables is estimated using the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood estimator and robust inference is based on large sample properties. We find that the impact of distance largely depends on category for which the model is estimated. Moreover, we have found substantial impact of both trading partners' GDP and perhaps surprisingly, relatively large and statistically significant impact of common legal origins, regardless of category and aggregation. On the other hand, we have found no evidence of significant impact of trade agreements. JEL Classification F01, F14, C23, C52 Keywords International trade; Determining factors of decision making of...
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