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Design of feeder for orientation of parts
Balek, Jan ; Vetiška, Jan (referee) ; Pavlík, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the design of feeder for orientation of parts. The first part of this thesis is focused on system recherche of the current state at this problematics. The next part is aimed to suggestion of possible solution of the assignment, followed by a selection of a particular solution and a design of the selected variant. The end of this thesis is devoted to the computational documentation and visualization of selected design solution.
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Regional yield forecasting for improved decision making in the plant production
Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Kudláčková, Lucie ; Balek, Jan ; Meitner, Jan ; Možný, Martin ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Bartošová, Lenka ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Bláhová, Monika ; Lukas, Vojtěch ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The methodology describes how to predict yields of key crops, and at the same time addresses reliability of the predictions and how these can be used. The ability to predict yield levels more than 2 months prior the harvest on the level of regions (NUTS3¨) and districts (LAU1) brings also new opportunities to mitigate impacts of adverse conditions. The methodology shows that the yield forecasts and yield anomalies in particular are consistent and usable in practices. In this methodology, the results of 2018 yield forecasts are presented as an example. The yield forecasting system for the Czech Republic is fully functional and is and will be available through www.vynosy-plodin.cz.
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Using growth models to evaluate field crops management practices and influence on soil processes
Hlavinka, Petr ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Balek, Jan ; Dubrovský, Martin ; Pohanková, Eva ; Wimmerová, Markéta ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The publication describes the application of growth model for evaluation of different farming methods in the cultivation of selected field crops and their influence on selected soil processes and conditions. This publication focuses on complex simulations in the soil-plant-atmosphere-farmer interaction system using the HERMES model. The ability to simulate processes in crop rotation scheme continuously and uninterruptedly (e.g. over a period of more than 100 years) gives the opportunity to assess the long-term trends in soil processes, both due to different approaches to farming and combined with selected location and soil conditions. It is possible also for selected scenarios of climate change in future. This material presents both the outputs for weather conditions without any considered climate change and conditions reflecting the shift in climatic conditions during the 21st century based on 6 selected climatic scenarios. The expected impacts on the growth and yields of the target field crops are also quantified for the selected combination of conditions.
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System for monitoring and forecast of impacts of agricultural drought
Trnka, Miroslav ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Chuchma, F. ; Možný, M. ; Bartošová, Lenka ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Balek, Jan ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Skalák, Petr ; Farda, Aleš ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Meitner, Jan ; Bláhová, M. ; Fiala, R. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The methodology describes how to predict soil moisture and drought intensity, and at the same time addresses reliability of the predictions and how these can be used. The ability to predict soil moisture values over a period of up to 9 days is presented through using ensemble of models for numerical weather forecasts. This method brings also new opportunities to mitigate impacts during drought events by farmers using such forecasting tools. With regard to the relatively high predictability of soil moisture and drought intensity, the methodology introduces the basic procedures and provides necessary information for the users. In this methodology, the results of 2017 drought event are presented as an example. The drought forecasting system for the Czech Republic is fully functional and is and will be available through www.intersucho.cz.
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Lachrymal secretion in tenrecs: physiological, behavioral and phylogenetic contexts (Tenrecinae, Afrosoricida)
Bálek, Jiří ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
The secretion of white liquid around the eyes and nose with a spiny tenrecs Echinops telfairi and Setifer setosus mentions for the first time Poduschka in 1974, but until now this phenomenon in these species no one paid any detail. Similar secretion was described in Mountain beaver or by shrews. The impetus for shedding the excitement caused by the presence of an individual female or another male or its odor. Males secretions also used for marking territory. A total of 70 samples of eye secretions from ten male Echinops telfairi during the entire active season (from March to October) have been collected within this study. For protein detection method was used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) and subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. An autopsy of the eye area was performed for representatives of all four genera of the subfamily Tenrecinae (Tenrec, Setifer, Echinops, Hemicentetes), died in Pilsen Zoo. It was found that a) species of pinholes that produce ocular secretions are significantly higher tear and Harder's gland, b) secretions contain lipocalins - proteins with the ability to transmit pheromones and other hydrophobic molecules, c) secretions of the orbital region having a different composition than the secretions from the nasal area (significantly lower protein...
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Agroclimatic analysis of perspective changes of starting production conditions for agricultural entities and related impacts to land valuation system
Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Balek, Jan ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Dubrovský, Martin ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The aim of this report is to evaluate the analyses prepared within the contractual research collaboration implemented within the project number of the EEA-CZ02 1-039-2015-OV-called "Complex planning, monitoring, information and educational tools to adapt the territory to the impacts of climate change with major focus on agricultural and forest landscape management" funded by the EEA Fund 2009 - 2014 program CZ02 - Biodiversity and ecosystem services /. The study focuses on the South Moravian Region (SMR) and follows a report assessing the impact of expected climatic conditions prepared for the above-mentioned project in October 2016. Like the previous study, this part is processed based on the 5 selected global circulation models (GCMs) and for two emission scenarios and the period 2021-2040. Since a detailed description of the scenarios includes a previous report confines itself in this text only on the most important outputs relevant to SMR.
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Drought monitor for the Czech Republic-www.intersucho.cz
Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Balek, Jan ; Možný, M. ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Hayes, M. ; Eitzinger, Josef ; Žalud, Zdeněk
Because drought and its impacts are among the worst hydrometeorological extremes (including also Central European conditions), the aim of this paper is to describe the core and use of the Integrated drought monitoring system for the Czech Republic. Land-use, information about soil, vegetation characteristics and meteorological data are used as inputs to validated water balance SoilClim model, which is applied for estimates of actual and reference evapotranspiration and water saturation of the soil profile in % or soil moisture content in mm. Moreover the prognosis of expected soil moisture (based on probabilistic analysis) is calculated for next 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Main results are weekly updated in form of drought occurrence maps, which are published in spatial resolution 500 m for whole territory of the Czech Republic and for all its 76 districts separately. Final maps with detail comments are available at drought topic dedicated web page (ANONYM 3 2014).
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Detection of drought events using combination of satellite data and soil moisture modelling
Semerádová, Daniela ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Balek, Jan ; Bohovič, Roman ; Tadesse, T. ; Hayes, M. ; Wardlow, B. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The use of satellite data offers a potentially well usable tool to accurate drought monitoring. The study examines the space-time possibility of agricultural drought detection using freely available data from the MODIS instrument onboard Terra and Aqua satellites that reflects vegetation condition. Vegetation greenness metrics used in this study are based on the spectral reflectance curves in the visible red and near-infrared part of the spectrum and are expressed in relation to the average for the period of 2000-2014. The results are presented in weekly time step for the whole area of the Czech Republic, and are compared to the drought monitor system, based on the SoilClim dynamic model for soil water content estimates. These data, as well as other parameters, such as soil properties and land use, are integrated at 500 meters spatial resolution.
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Drivers of soil moisture trends in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2012
Trnka, M. ; Brázdil, R. ; Balek, J. ; Semerádová, D. ; Hlavinka, P. ; Možný, M. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Dobrovolný, P. ; Zahradníček, P. ; Dubrovský, Martin ; Eitzinger, J. ; Fuchs, B. ; Svoboda, M. ; Hayes, M. ; Žalud, Z.
Soil moisture dynamics and their temporal trends in the Czech Republic are forced by various drivers. Our analysis of temporal trends indicates that shifts in drought severity between 1961 and 2012 and especially in the April, May, and June period, which displayed such results as a 50% increase in drought probability during 1961–1980 in comparison to 2001–2012. We found that increased global radiation and air temperature together with decreased relative humidity (all statistically significant at p < 0.05) led to increases in the reference evapotranspiration in all months of the growing season; this trend was particularly evident in April, May, and August, when more than 80% of the territory displayed an increased demand for soil water. These changes, in combination with the earlier end of snow cover and the earlier start of the growing season (up to 20 days in some regions), led to increased actual evapotranspiration at the start of the growing season that tended to deplete the soil moisture earlier, leaving the soil more exposed to the impacts of rainfall variability. These results support concerns related to the potentially increased severity of drought events in Central Europe. The reported trend patterns are of particular importance with respect to expected climate change, given the robustness and consistency of the trends shown and the fact that they can be aligned with the existing climate model projections. Introduction
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