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The state of the Natural Regeneration in Bavarian Forest National Park, 10 Years after the Total Death Parent Stands
Červenka, J. ; Wild, Jan ; Svoboda, M. ; Kopecký, Martin ; Macek, Martin ; Brůna, Josef ; Zenáhlíková, J.
The presented research is focused on the state of natural regeneration (Norway spruce and Rowan), 10 years after total death of parent stands in the core untouched part Bavarian Forest National Park. The 16 permanent plots 40m x 40m are located on the southeast of Bavaria. We determined exact height, size of the last height increment, condition and species of trees. Number of saplings were counted and classified by heights. These number ranged from 53 to 17276 saplings per hectare. The spruce species composition was 96.7%. The height structure of spruce shows that almost 73% found spruce trees reached heights greater than 0.5 m. The average height increment increased with increasing height of saplings. This paper presents state of natural regeneration in mountain spruce forests in Bavarian Forest National Park without the human influence in summer 2010, 10 years after total death of parent stands.
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The Regeneration Stand and HeighIncrement 10 Years after a Dieback Caused by Bark Beetle Outbreak
Zenáhlíková, J. ; Svoboda, M. ; Wild, Jan ; Kopecký, Martin ; Macek, Martin
In 1990s the bark beetle outbreak caused a dieback of mountain spruce forest in Sumava National Park. We analyzed structure of mature stands and natural regeneration more than 10 years after a dieback in 1998. After that forests have been left without human interventions. Nine square plots (400 m(2)) were measured by technology FiledMap. It was examined: trees, snags, stumps and regeneration. Tree layer is completely destroyed, there are only standing stumps, snags and lying logs. There are any mature trees. The dominant species was spruce (Picea abies), only one living rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) was on P60. There were only 25 livings trees higher than 3 m on all plots together. In regeneration density was dominant spruce - 97 %, rowan was represented with 4 %. The number of regeneration differed between plots and covers variation in density which ranched between 1260 12000 ind/ha. Height of regeneration has normal distribution with mean 46 cm, which agrees with age of 10 years. This indicates majority of regeneration established before or in time of stand decomposition. Striking was minimal rate of young individuals, which means lower generative restoration in phase after dieback of tree layer. Height increment increases with increasing height of regeneration. Stand openings lead to expansion of herbal vegetation.
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Reuse and energy potential of greywater
Bartoník, A. ; Holba, Marek ; Plotěný, K. ; Vrána, J. ; Ošlejšková, M.
Greywater is the leftover water from baths, showers, hand basins and washing machines only, what implies that it is free of faeces and urine. Greywater can be recycled on-site (called white water) for flushing toilets, urinals, landscape irrigation and constructed wetlands. The heat energy reuse from greywater has been recently discussed as a hot issue. Paper deals with the new British Standard BS 8525-1(2) that introduce the issue of greywater in buildings, as well as progress in the new Czech standard preparation. A various technologocial designs are introduced including return of investment analyses.
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Sustainable approaches to small-area grassland and barren management with respect to flora and insect diversity
Vymyslický, T. ; Fabšičová, Martina ; Musil, Z.
This study is devoted to the determination of sustainable ways of increasing flora and insect diversity in meadows through the establishment of barren sites and fallows, which help many ephemeral plant species to reproduce from the soil seed bank. We tested the optimal time for the duration of a fallow and it seems to be 3-5 years. Significant differences were observed in the number of species and their cover between nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich areas.No massive occurence of invasive and expansive species was found. In the warm eastern part of the Podyjí NP we found plant species that had been missing there for many years.
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Using of flow cytometry for the detection of bacterial filtration efficiency in (waste)water treatment processes
Mikula, Přemysl ; Lev, J. ; Kalhotka, L. ; Holba, Marek ; Kimmer, D. ; Maršálek, Blahoslav ; Vítězová, M.
Aim of the study was to detect filtration efficiency of several (nano)materials used for the filtration/removal of E. coli bacteria or natural bacterial communities from water samples. Filtration efficiency was evaluated by commonly used culticvation techniques as well as by flow cytometry (FCM). Although filtration efficiency of certain nanomaterials detected by cultivation was very high (>99%), it was demonstarted that sample filtration does not have to lead to significant decline of total bacterial counts measured by FCM. From this viewpoint FCM can be considered as a suitable analytical method for the assessment of wastewater treatment processess efficiency, which, compared to cultivation techniques, possess some disadvantages (difficult standardization) but also has several advantages (speed, more realistic measurement conditions).
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