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Repeated low-dose flubendazole treatment and its effect on glioblastoma cells
Namyslová, Marie ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Králová, Věra (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Marie Namyslová Supervisor: prof. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Repeated low-dose flubendazole treatment and its effect on glioblastoma cells Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and common primary brain tumours in the adults. GBM is resistant to current treatment and the median survival of treated patients with this disease is around 15 months. The very poor prognosis of this disease has prompted the research of new therapeutic strategies. A promising direction is represented by drugs already registered for other indications, such as the anthelmintic flubendazole (FLU) with potential antitumour activity. The aim of this work was to study the effect of FLU after repeated low-dose treatment of GBM cells. Two cell lines, U87MG and U87MG-IDH1mut, were used for this work and the effect of repeated doses of FLU on cell viability (using the WST-1) and on cell morphology (via phase contrast microscopy) was investigated. Furthermore, changes in the expression of cell cycle markers, proliferation, growth, and resistance markers after FLU treatment were evaluated at the mRNA level (RT-PCR) and protein level (Western blotting). Subsequently, the activity of initiator and...
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The Lands of Bohemian Crown in the political conception of Wenceslaus IV. Bohemia
Dufková, Tereza ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Čapský, Martin (referee) ; Holá, Mlada (referee)
The PhD. thesis focuses on one of the partial aspects of the reign of the Bohemian king Wenceslaus IV, namely his rule over the so-called Crown lands of the Bohemian Crown. This perspective has so far remained outside the interest of historians. This thesis aims to assess how the king was able to cope with the extensive inheritance from his ancestors, what governmental strategies he could use to do so, and what problems he had to solve in the crown lands. This perspective has made it possible to provide a comprehensive view of one of the sub-segments of Wenceslaus' reign, which may contribute significantly to its overall evaluation in the future. Several general categories emerged from the analysis (power politics, property and fief affairs, financial policy, economy and trade, ecclesiastical policy, royal administration, and monarchical representation), demonstrating the wide range of the monarch's duties and monarchical possibilities. Based on the research conducted, it is evident that Wenceslaus' policies and exercise of government in the crown lands were in line with those of his predecessors, and the king's manner of rule did not substantially deviate from established practices, which contradicts the traditional image of his reign in the Bohemian lands. The thesis also includes a catalogue of...
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Selected Characteristics of Adolescent Female-to-Male Gender-affirming Medical Care Applicants
Schönauerová, Dominika ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Kolečková, Tereza (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to analyze selected anamnestic characteristics of adolescent FtM (female-to-male) applicants seeking gender-affirming medical procedure, in order to provide a clearer understanding of this population within the Czech Republic. This purpose was served by data from patients of the Institute of Sexology, General University Hospital in Prague (N = 78), collected in 2022-2023, who were referred to care at the age of at least 15 and less than 19 years (M = 16.3, SD = 1.00). Within the sample late-onset gender incongruence with the first self-recognition at the mean age of 13,2 years (SD 1,98), was typical, as well as complete social transition at the time of first assessment, initiated at a mean age of 15,1 years (SD 1,29). Minority sexual orientation and the desire for complete gender reassignment surgery were also characteristic. Almost half of the FtMs had experienced a romantic relationship, but only one third were sexually active. Half of the patients had a history of psychiatric pharmacotherapy and more than one-fifth of psychiatric hospitalization. A number of psychiatric comorbidities were present. The most common comorbidity was the mixed anxiety-depressive disorder present in one-third of the FtMs. More than half had a history of self-harm, suicidal...
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Albrecht Libštejnský of Kolowrat. Politician of Jagiellonian era.
Dvořák, Jan ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Zilynská, Blanka (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on Albrecht II. Libštejnský of Kolowrat, a Czech nobleman who operated during the reign of the Czech and Hungarian king Vladislav II Jagiellon. The thesis examines both Albrecht's political and social strategies within Czech estates society and his role at the court of King Vladislav II. Attention is primarily given to his activities as the chancellor of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the events associated with him. For a better understanding of the whole issue, the thesis also aims to explore his family background, property, and social connections. Additionally, it attempts to connect Albrecht's socio-political career with his property and representational ambitions. Keywords Albrecht II. Libštejnský of Kolowrat; Vladislaus II. Jagiellon; Supreme Chancellor; Bohemian nobility; turn of 15th and 16th centuries
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Hurufiyya as a Teaching and Identity
Lednický, Martin ; Koláček, Jakub (advisor) ; Ťupek, Pavel (referee)
Hurufiyya as a Teaching and Identity The bachelor thesis will focus on the question of Hurufiyya as an identity throughout history, specifically from its emergence at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries until the 20th century. Although at the time of its emergence, Hurufiyya was a distinct current, today we encounter its teachings only within certain groups belonging to the wider world of Islam, such as the Alevis or the Bektashis. With the use of Anderson's theory of Imagined Communities and a source-based historiographical approach the thesis will delve into the following questions: How did Hurufiyya from its inception until the 20th century manifest itself? Has it formed a distinct identity, was it a teaching or something else? How, if at all, have these modes of existence been exercised throughout history? By trying to answer these questions, the thesis seeks to contribute to the study of the Hurufiyya itself and to enter the debate on Islamic pluralism.
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Discourse markers in spontaneous speech of native and non-native English speakers in the English Teacher Corpus: comparison of frequency and analysis
Bakhareva, Mariia ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Raušová, Veronika (referee)
Considering the fact that discourse markers regularly occur in the oral speech of English speakers, and have an impact on the listeners' perception and understanding, the aim of this thesis was to measure and compare the frequency of discourse markers in the spontaneous speech of native and non-native speakers of English. The target group of the research were teachers of English as a foreign language, therefore the analyzed data were taken from the English Teacher Corpus (ETC). The corpus consisted of two subcorpora, featuring transcribed recordings of 25 Czech speakers and 15 native speakers. Altogether, 927 discourse markers were found among the 76,122 words produced by the Czech speakers and 844 discourse markers occurred in the 27,694 produced by the native speakers. All the discourse markers were coded and analyzed to find the frequencies with which they are used by the speakers. The results of the research have shown that native speakers use discourse markers with a higher frequency than their non-native counterparts, which raises the questions about the desirability of native-like use and the functions that discourse markers have in the speech. Keywords: discourse markers, discourse, English teachers, frequency comparison, frequency of discourse markers
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QUANTUM-MECHANICAL STUDY OF INTERNAL STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN Pb-SUPERSATURATED Pb-Sn ALLOYS
Friák, Martin ; Čípek, Petr ; Pavlů, J. ; Roupcová, Pavla ; Miháliková, Ivana ; Msallamová, Š. ; Michalcová, A.
Motivated by a decades-long controversy related to the crystal structure of Pb-supersaturated solid solutions of Pb in Sn, we have performed a quantum-mechanical study of these materials. Focusing on both body-centred-tetragonal beta-Sn and simple-hexagonal gamma-Sn structures, we have computed properties of two alloys with the chemical composition Pb5Sn11, i.e. 31.25 at. % Pb, which is close to the composition of the experimentally found alloy (30 at. % Pb). The 16-atom computational supercells were designed as multiples of the elemental beta- and gamma-Sn unit cells, where the Pb atoms were distributed according to the special quasi-random structure (SQS) concept. Full structural relaxations of both beta- and gamma-phase-based alloys resulted in very significant re-arrangements into structures which do not exhibit any apparent structural features typical for the original alloys, and are, therefore, difficult to classify. The formation energies of the beta- and gamma-phase-originating equilibrium phases are 50 meV/atom and 53 meV/atom, respectively. Therefore, they are not stable with respect to the decomposition into the elemental lead and tin. Moreover, our calculations of elastic constants of both phases revealed that they are close to mechanical instability. Our results indicate that the studied Pb-supersaturated Pb-Sn solid solutions may be prone to structural instability, transformations into different phases and decomposition. Our findings may contribute into the identification of the reason why the subsequent experimental studies did not reproduce the initial published data.
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QUANTUM-COMPUTING STUDY OF THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALS: THE CASE STUDY OF SI
Ďuriška, Michal ; Miháliková, Ivana ; Friák, Martin
Quantum computing is newly emerging information-processing technology which is foreseen to be exponentially faster than classical supercomputers. Current quantum processors are nevertheless very limited in their availability and performance and many important software tools for them do not exist yet. Therefore, various systems are studied by simulating the run of quantum computers. Building upon our previous experience with quantum computing of small molecular systems (see I. Mihalikova et al., Molecules 27 (2022) 597, and I. Mihalikova et al., Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 243), we have recently focused on computing electronic structure of periodic crystalline materials. Being inspired by the work of Cerasoli et al. (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 21816), we have used hybrid variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, which combined classical and quantum information processing. Employing tight-binding type of crystal description, we present our results for crystalline diamond-structure silicon. In particular, we focus on the states along the lowest occupied band within the electronic structure of Si and compare the results with values obtained by classical means. While we demonstrate an excellence agreement between classical and quantum-computed results in most of our calculations, we further critically check the sensitivity of our results with respect to computational set-up in our quantum-computing study. A few results were obtained also using quantum processors provided by the IBM.
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BacSeqer: Read simulator for bacterial RNA-Seq
Fialová, Adéla ; Sedlář, Karel
The RNA-Seq method has become a key tool in transcriptomics, providing deep insight into the genetic functioning of organisms. It is essential for understanding how genes are expressed, for discovering new gene variants and for understanding pathologies at the genetic level. RNA-Seq simulators are great for testing and validating bioinformatics tools, they offer a way to compare different computational algorithms and allow examining different sequencing protocols, parameter settings and sample sizes to ensure the most efficient use of resources. This study introduces BacSeqer, an RNA-Seq simulator specifically designed for bacterial transcriptomes with the aim of producing data that faithfully resembles those obtained in real experiments. It allows to take into account the specificities of the bacterial genome, especially an existence of only exons and their organization in operons that are not normally present in eukaryotes.
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Design of 436.5 MHz Square Patch Antenna Fed by Coaxial Probe
Lukáč, Vladimír ; Urbanec, Tomáš
This letter describes the design of a square patch antenna used for reception of satellite signals in the UHF band. This antenna is fed by coaxial probe with extended ground plane. Used dielectric substrate is Ertalon 6 SA with height of 15 mm. The designed antenna is simulated in the HFSS Ansys program. The simulation takes into account the maximum gain, the reflection coefficient and the bandwidth of the antenna.
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