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Study of adsorption of organic pollutants on wheat bran biochar
Hanák, Jan ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis explores the application of the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) method for determining and monitoring the concentrations of dissolved pharmaceuticals and organic dyes in water and food. The theoretical part introduces the issue of the occurrence of these organic substances in water and food, the principles of the DGT method, the characteristics of adsorption and adsorption isotherms, and the introduction of biochar as an adsorbent. The experimental section primarily focuses on optimizing and validating adsorption gels containing commercial biochar and unmodified biochar from wheat bran for the adsorption of specific substances using the DGT method. Oxytetracycline was primarily tested from a selection of antibiotics and malachite green from organic dyes, which is widely used in aquaristics. The results demonstrate a comparison of the effectiveness of adsorption using these two types of adsorbents and their characteristics, such as infrared spectroscopy analysis or images from a scanning electron microscope. From the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity for oxytetracycline on commercial biochar was found to be 314,065 mgg-1 and the maximum adsorption capacity for wheat bran biochar was 89,720 mgg-1. The maximum adsorption capacity of commercial biochar for malachite green was 439,406 mgg-1. The work further emphasizes the potential of the DGT method as a tool for food analysis and investigating contaminants in water systems, which further move into the food chain.
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Load bearing structure of a sports hall
Kopecký, Ladislav ; Straka, Bohumil (referee) ; Sýkora, Karel (advisor)
This work describe the design of a multifunctional sport hall. Ground plan dimension of the hall is 55,4 x 58,16 m. Height of the hall is 16,065 m. This sports hall is designed for the free time activity and sports like badminton, basketball, futsal, football, handball, wheeled, tennis, volleyball and more. Construction of the hall is designed on the basis of the city Brnos background. A structure of the hall is ached and made of glued laminated timber.The hall is formed by cross-binding- double joint arc- shaped to ellipse. The distance between each cross-binding is 5m. Arches are connected by purlins. The stability of the structure is composed by three fields bracing.
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Manufacturing of wall clamp
Šobáň, Pavel ; Císařová, Michaela (referee) ; Podaný, Kamil (advisor)
The wall clamp is used for attaching columns or pillars to a concrete foundation. It is made from structural steel 11 375 in the form of sheets with a thickness of 4 mm in the production run of 150 000 pcs/year. A combination of shearing and bending technologies in a progressive forming tool was selected from various options as the most appropriate. On the basis of structural and technological calculations, an instrument was designed, for which the technical documentation was elaborated. Due to the total forming force and work, the forming machine LDO 800 A/S from Šmeral Brno a.s. was selected as the manufacturing machine. The production cost per one part 53.66 CZK was determined using economic evaluation; based on the break even point, the production becomes profitable for the production run with the minimum number of 13 065 pcs.
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Extensions of the main belt collisional model
Vávra, Michael ; Brož, Miroslav (advisor) ; Scheirich, Petr (referee)
The Main Belt, the region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, is the home to more than 1 million asteroids. These asteroids form orbital groups, i.e., asteroid families formed by collisions; and also spectral groups (taxonomies) with different chemical composition, in particular, carbonaceous (C-types) and silicate (S-types). In this thesis, we extend the existing collisional model by finding appropriate dependence of the strength vs. size (also known as the scaling law) for these two groups. We used color indices and geometric albedos of 56 and 72 spectroscopically confirmed C- and S-types (control samples) and statistical methods on 1 065 054 asteroids, to assign C-, S- or other-types (neither C- nor S-type). This allowed us to construct the observed size-frequency distributions (SFDs) for several sub-populations constrained either in the semi-major axis (inner, middle, outer) or taxonomy (C, S, other). Then we used the Monte-Carlo code Boulder (Morbidelli et al. 2009). to compute the long-term collisional evolution (4.5 billion years) and derive synthetic SFDs. We find that the scaling laws for C- and S-types disagree with the ones proposed by Holsapple & Housen (2019). Our best-fit scaling laws indicate that S-types must be weakened below approximately 1 km compared to C-types, to explain a...
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Application of selected plant materials for the preparation of biodegradable plastics
TŮMOVÁ, Jana
The main aim of the thesis was to evaluate the feasibility of the production of sustainable and biodegradable films for food packaging made from raw plant materials using casting method. Specific objectives were: a) Optimization of the steps of the casting method for films preparation based on the use of different types of flours, determination of their physical properties (colour, cohesiveness, elasticity). b) Preparation of biobased plastic material from selected types of flours, determi-nation of their physical and mechanical properties (visual and tactile aspects, colour, thickness, moisture content). c) Investigation of the biodegradability of prepared materials based on enzymatic degradation in water suspension and water itself.
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Vliv koronavirové epidemie na trh práce v příhraničních regionech České republiky
TÍCHOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor's thesis deals with the development of unemployment in border districts before the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic and during the epidemic, when anti-epidemic measures began to work. The selected time period during which the unemployment rate is monitored is from December 2019, when unemployment in the Czech Republic was the lowest in Europe, until January 2021. Districts are then divided in a typology according to the development of unemployment at the beginning and end of the period. The first part explains the various concepts associated with the labor market and unemployment. In the second part, the unemployment rate data are analyzed.
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Biologically active metabolites of plants. 6. Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum and their biological activity.
Krejčová, Lada ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Krejčová L.: Biologically active metabolites of plants 6. Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum and their biological activity. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2012, 71 p. The aim of the diploma thesis was to prepare alkaloidal extract from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Rutaceae) by processing of 9,6 kg dried drug and isolate at least one pure alkaloid by column and thin layer chromatography. Subsequently this one was subjected to structural MS and NMR analysis and tested for biological activity against human cholinesterases (HuAChE, HuBuChE) and antioxidant activity. Isolated substance was identified as an oxoaporphine alkaloid liriodenine, whose presence in Z. nitidum has already been described. Against HuAChE it exhibited values of inhibition activity IC50 = 51,07 ± 3,23 μM, against HuBuChE IC50 = 101,10 ± 5,31 μM. Galanthamine (IC50 (HuAChE) = 1,71 ± 0,065 μM, IC50 (HuBuChE) = 42,30 ± 1,30 μM), huperzine A (IC50 (HuAChE) = 0,033 ± 0,001 μM, IC50 (HuBuChE) > 1000 μM) and eserine (IC50 (HuAChE) = 0,063 ± 0,001 μM, IC50 (HuBuChE) = 0,130 ± 0,004 μM) were used as positive controls. In DPPH test for antioxidant activity liriodenine showed EC50 value higher than 1000 μM, hence its use can not be...
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Screening of alkaloidal plants for antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity in vitro II.
Pšeničková, Jana ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Pšeničková, Jana. Screening of alkaloidal plants for antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity in vitro II. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. 57 pp. Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Keywords: cholinesterase inhibition activity, antioxidant activity, alkaloids, Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress Selected plant species of the families Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae and Ranunculaceae were tested in terms of this thesis. Alkaloid content was evaluated by a thin-layer chromatography (TLC); ethanol and alkaloid extracts were tested for their cholinesterase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity. All of the studied species were tested for the cholinesterase inhibition activity by the Ellman's spectrophotometric method using the 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. The activity of extracts was compared with IC50 values of common inhibitors of cholinesterases: galanthamine (IC50 HuAChE = 2.59 ± 0.065 μg/ml, HuBuChE = 58.02 ± 1,30 μg/ml), and huperzine A (IC50 HuAChE = 0.061 ± 0.001 μg/ml, HuBuChE 1000 μg/ml). The highest cholinesterase inhibitory activity from the tested specimen showed ethanol extract from the aerial part of Glaucium corniculatum (IC50 AChE = 0,39 µg/ml, IC50 BuChE = 4,27 µg/ml). The species...
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Study of biological activity of isolated alkaloids from Argemone grandiflora (Papaveraceae)I.
Adamcová, Markéta ; Chlebek, Jakub (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Adamcová, M.: Study of biological activity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone grandiflora (Papaveraceae) I. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015. The aim of this study was isolation of substances from total diethyl ether alkaloid extract of Argemone grandiflora Sweet, their identification and assessment of their inhibition activity towards acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyl oligopeptidase. Using common chromatografic methods, four alkaloids were isolated, that was identified as (+)-laudanosine, protopine, (-)-argemonine a (-)-platycerine. These substances was tested for their inhibition activity IC50: (+)-laudanosine (IC50 AChE = 617,00 ± 46,55 μM, IC50 BuChE = 644,77 ± 55,52 μM, IC50 POP = not mesured yet); protopine (IC50 AChE = 229,98 ± 21,02 μM, IC50 BuChE = 208,87 ± 17,67 μM, IC50 POP ˃ 1000 μM); (-)-argemonine (IC50 AChE = 4677,75 ± 1241,08 μM, IC50 BuChE = 885,45 ± 119,50 μM, IC50 POP = 337 ± 83,1 μM); (-)-platycerine (IC50 AChE = 223,65 ± 19,61 μM, IC50 BuChE = 1651,25 ± 327,7 μM, IC50 POP = 687 ± 74 μM). In comparison with the standards galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1,710 ± 0,065 μM, IC50 BuChE = 42,30 ± 1,30 μM) and huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0,033 ± 0,001...
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Alkaloids of Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) and their biological activity related to Alzheimerʼs disease I.
Bulvová, Leontina ; Chlebek, Jakub (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Bulvová, L.: Alkaloids of Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) and their biological activity related to Alzheimerʼs disease I. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2017. The aim of this study was to process the summary alkaloidal extract of aerial parts of Papaver rhoeas L.; to isolate contained alkaloids using chromatographical methods; to identify them and to determine their inhibitory activity towards human enzymes acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyloligopeptidase. Two alkaloids (+)-rhoeagenine and LB-2 were isolated, and the structure of LB-2 (its absolute configuration) is being determined nowadays. In vitro biological assays of these alkaloids found the following results: (+)-rhoeagenine (IC50 AChE ˃ 1000 μM, IC50 BuChE = 230 ± 10 μM, IC50 POP = 878 ± 45 μM) and LB-2 (IC50 AChE ˃ 1000 μM, IC50 BuChE = 314 ± 13 μM, IC50 POP = 706 ± 2 μM). The determined IC50 values of isolated alkaloids were compared with inhibitory standards of cholinesterases galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1,71 ± 0,065 μM, IC50 BuChE = 42,30 ± 1,30 μM), huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0,033 ± 0,001 μM, IC50 BuChE > 1000 μM, IC50 POP > 1000 μM) and rivastigmine (IC50 AChE = 0,037 ± 0,001 μM, IC50 BuChE = 0,0033 ± 0,0003...
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