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Role of adiponectin and B-type natriuretic peptide in the regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis
Wedellová, Zuzana ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee) ; Cahová, Monika (referee) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Obesity is a most common metabolic disorder worldwide. Prevalence of obesity is consistently growing in all continents during last years. Primarily the increase of incidence of obesity in children is alarming. Obesity is linked to elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, some cancers and disorders of musculoskeletal system. The cost of the treatment of diseases linked to obesity is annually increasing and obesity represents very important part of costs of health system in developed - and recently also developing - countries. This fact shows the necessity of research in the area of preventive and therapeutic procedures. The development of metabolic disturbances linked to obesity is associated with dysfunction of adipose tissue. Its two main features are: 1) altered secretion of specific substance with hormonal or paracrinne charakter (called adipokines) and 2) elevated mobilization of non- esterified fatty acids (NEMK) from adipose tissue and subsequently their increased release into the circulation (1). In our studies we paid attention to the study of lipolysis. The rate of lipolysis is the primary factor that determines the release of NEFA from adipose tissue. We focused to a role of adiponectin and natriuretic peptid type B (BNP) in the regulation of lipolysis in...
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Physiologic and pathophysiologic aspects of selected endocrinopathies. Their relationship to adipose tissue matebolism and insulin resistance
Ďurovcová, Viktória ; Kršek, Michal (advisor) ; Saudek, František (referee) ; Štich, Vladimír (referee)
The pathogenesis of insulin resistance is a complex and still intensively studied issue. Endocrine and paracrine activity of the adipose tissue together with mi- tochondrial dysfunction are the most discussed potential factors included in the development of insulin resistance. In the first part of our study we examined the involvement of the adipose tissue and its secretory products in the etiopathogenesis of insulin resistance in patients with Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly and simple obesity. We focused on three important regulators of metabolic homeostasis - fibroblast growth factors 21 and 19 (FGF-21 and FGF-19) and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP-4). We found significantly elevated circulating levels of FGF-21 and FABP-4 ac- companying insulin resistance in both patients with simple obesity and patients with obesity connected to Cushing's syndrome, as compared to healthy controls. The concentrations of both substances were comparable between hypercortisolic and obese patients. This finding together with the absence of correlation be- tween the levels of FGF-21 resp. FABP-4 and cortisol suggest that the reason for elevation of their concentrations is obesity and its metabolic consequences themselves rather then the effect of hypercortisolism on FGF-21 and FABP-4 production. We found no...
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Regulation of adiponectin and its isoforms production in human obesity
Kováčová, Zuzana ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hainer, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rossmeisl, Martin (referee)
It is apparent that the imbalance in energy intake and expenditure coming hand-to-hand with the "westernisation" of our lifestyle leads to an elevated number of overweight and obese individuals that are commonly in a greater risk of developing chronic complications (e.g. insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) with increased mortality. The development of obesity-related complications closely relate with dysfunction of adipose tissue leading to the peripheral insulin resistance and metabolic disruption of insulin sensitive organs (e.g. muscle, liver) subsequently inducing whole body insulin resistance. Since adipose tissue is the biggest endocrine organ in the human body producing many hormones influencing functions of adipose tissue itself or other organs, alteration of their spectrum has been revealed as one of the possible inductors or contributors disturbing body energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue serves as a major site for storage of surplus nutritions, however, long-term positive energy imbalance and high dose calorie intake lead not only to expansion of fat mass but mainly to the pathological changes of the tissue. In states of obesity, adipose tissue is under constant metabolic stress, resulting in the activation of the stress and inflammatory response. It leads to...
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Body composition changes in obese children during the weight reducing programme. The study of selected candidate genes for obesity and their associations with anthropometric and biochemical parameters.
Zamrazilová, Hana ; Bláha, Pavel (advisor) ; Štich, Vladimír (referee) ; Brdička, Radim (referee)
L. Abstrakt Background: Theprevalenceof obesityhasoverthe pasttwentyyearsgrownto suchanextentthat it is now commonlyrefenedto as a pandemic.From the point of view of healthrisks and complicationsconnectedwith obesity,the fact that this increasingtrend is prominenteven in childrenseemsto beveryserious.Thestudieshaveprovedclearrelationsbetweenearlyobesityand obesitypersistinguntil adulthood,the amountof visceralfat, cardiovascularrisks,diabetestype2, hypertensionandhyperlipidemia. Aims: To detect weight changesand body compositionchangesin children during the comprehensive5-6 weekin-patientweightreducingprogramme.To comparethe amountof body fat determinedby anthropomehicmethodsandDEXA method.To evaluateselectedbiochemical and hormonal parametersof lipid and glucosemetabolismsin obesechildren. To detectthe dependenceof anthropometricand biochemicalparameterson polymorphismsprolgl9pro, Ser343SerandGln2?3Argof the LEPRgene,andpolymorphismLeul62Valof theppARalfagene. Results: The study showed significant difftrences in body weight decreasesexpressedin percentagefromtheinitialbodyweightin thegroupof obesegirls(p & 0.001).Girlsthelowestage category(7-9 years)hadsignificantlygreaterweightlossescomparedto theirweightat thestartof theirstay,opposedto girlsin higheragecategories(11-17years,p & 0.05).At thebeginningof...
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Influence of the Insuline Resistence on the Utilization of Energetic Substrates
Komárová, Tereza ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
Obesity and its hand-in- hand insulin resistance in recent decades become the most common diseases in the world. The increase in the incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is a worldwide public health-care and clinical problem . what is worse , obese people every day constantly increasing enormously and gets so nature of the global epidemic . The increasing incidence of obesity is related to the take-over American lifestyle . People today spend their time watching television and especially in their offices, eat fast foods and instead of moving to carry in cars. this way of life passed on to their children , and so today we observe a significant increase in obesity even in the youngest age groups. These children have unfortunately increased chance of staying obese in adulthood. The world today is 1.1 billion adults are overweight or obese and these are about 320 million people obese ( BMI > 30). Different regions of the world differ significantly with regard to the prevalence of obesity. More and more , however, to global epidemic of obesity contributes to the developing world . Obesity is becoming progressively problem even in countries where it was previously almost occur. prevalence of obesity in European countries reaches 10-40 %. [1 ] Although the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, together...
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Relation of adipokines to whole body nutrient utilisation during fasting and after oral high-fat meal stimulation (NUGENOB study, www.nugenob.org)
Martínková, Jindřiška ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
Obesity or obesity is defined by increased body fat. share fat in the body depends on the age, sex and ethnic group. For women a greater proportion of fat than men. For women, therefore, represents 28-30% of body fat weight, while in men, it is only 23-25%. The proportion of body fat increases also with age. To assess the degree of overweight tables are used to indicate the given height and sex permissible weight range. The most commonly used are Table Metropolitan Insurance Company of America. Much more important the evaluation of overweight and obesity, however the body mass index BMI (body mass index). BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms is divided by the second square of height in meters.
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Influence of visceral adipose tissue mass on energy expenditure
Alexandrová, Pavla ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
Obesity represents a serious chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by an increased proportion of fat on the body composition of the current weight gain above the normal range. Obesity is to be understood as a disease, while an important risk factor contributing to the emergence of a number other diseases. Android (abdominal, visceral) obesity is characterized by increased Visceral fat plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of non-communicable diseases mass occurrence, which are included under the term metabolic syndrome - insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, gout, dyslipidemia, in a broader sense also hyperuricaemia, coagulation disorders, and others. Gynoid (gluteofemorální) Obesity is a metabolic point of view to give less risk of complications.
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