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Likutei Amarim and Hasidic Spirituality
Holubová, Markéta ; Nosek, Bedřich (advisor) ; Sadek, Vladimír (referee) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
Likutej amarim a chasidská spiritualita Likutei Amarim and Hasidic Spirituality Mgr. Markéta Holubová The aim of my thesis has been to offer to a Czech reader a translation of the fundamental parts of the work, which represents one of the peaks in Hasidic literature (and was unavailable in Czech language up to this time) and to point out profundity and imaginativeness in Zalman' s work. I have tried to make the commentary a comprehensive guide to the enclosed text, taking into account religion-historic background in order to show the power and originality of Shneur Zalman's personality and to show the influence his work has had on modern Hasidism.
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Old Czech glosses in the writings Or zarua and Arugat ha-bosem
Uličná, Lenka ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Sadek, Vladimír (referee)
České glosy v středověkých hebrejských spisech se doposud nesetkaly s patřičným zájmem české ani zahraniční bohemistiky; ten se zatím omezoval na všeobecné zmínky a pobídky k výzkumu. Na opomíjení tohoto bohatého lingvoliterárního materiálu poukazovala a poukazuje zejména česká hebraistika. Je zřejmé, že bohemistika se musí zabývat i texty psanými v jiných jazycích, než je čeština či slovanské jazyky: dnes již snad nikdo nepochybuje o zařazení latinských textů české provenience do dějin naší literatury, postupně přijímány jsou i texty psané německy mluvícími autory, hlásícími se k českému území a kultuře. Písemnictví česko-hebrejské, tedy texty psané hebrejským jazykem českými Židy, stojí doposud v pozadí. Hebrejské středověké spisy jsou nejen významnými literárními památkami z doby, z níž se do současnosti nedochovalo mnoho textů; jsou zároveň i nedoceněným pramenem poznání života tehdejších obyvatel Českého království, a to jak židovských, tak i nežidovských. Obzvlášť pozoruhodným aspektem těchto spisů je právě přítomnost českých, resp. jinojazyčných glos. Problémem byla a nadále zůstává jazyková bariéra: středověké hebrejské spisy především z oblasti rabínské literatury se sice ve světě od 19. století znovu vydávají, nikdo je však nepřekládá. 1.2 V předkládané práci se pokusím shrnout doposud publikované...
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The development of the Jewish community in Kolín in the 18th century. The population, crafts, administration in comparison
Věchetová, Zuzana ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
The comparison of two biggest jewish communities in the Czech country, Kolín and Libeň, show us in virtue of performed research the different making of them. On the one hand its population grew in the same way up. Many of the inhabitants come from other cities, mainly from Nový Bydžov and Praha, also some from Poland or Germany. On the other hand show the differents in crafts, taxes collection and administration. In Kolín were more tradesmen and merchants, in Libeň dominated the manufacturing of clothes. The real jewish ribbon manufacture in Libeň was established at the end of eighties of 18th century. Surprising is result of research the taxes. The Jews from Kolin, although they had less incomes, had to collect twice more contribution tax than the Jews from Libeň. The contribution tax rises about one third during the 18th century. The administration of Jews in Kolín was privileged due to direct management of Czech chamber. But the the economic situation was different, the Jews from Libeň were for Praha more important. The digest from reviewed sources perform the schedule of office holders, tables and graphs in supplement. Also the picture supplement is included.
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Jewish Fables. Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan "Mishle Shu'alim"
Hynková, Cecílie ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor)
Práce se zabývá sbírkou bajek s názvem Mišle šu'alim židovského autora Berechji ben Natronaje ha-Nakdana (12./13. století, Francie či Anglie). Text je zasazen do kontextu prostřednictvím představení žánru bajky a uvedení jeho zástupců v židovské starověké a středověké literatuře (Bibli, Talmudu, midraších a několika středověkých dílech). Stěžejní část práce obsahuje informace o autorovi a jeho dílech, charakteristiku a rozbor sbírky a přehled dochovaných rukopisů, všech známých vydání a existujících překladů sbírky či jednotlivých bajek. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována pražskému jezuitskému vydání z roku 1661. Součástí práce je i komentovaný překlad tří vybraných bajek. This thesis deals with the fable collection called Mishle Shu'alim, written by the Jewish author Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan who lived in the 12th/13th century either in France or in England. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the work along with the genre of the fable and its examples in Jewish literature of the Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Bible, Talmud, midrashic literature and a few of medieval scripts). The essential part of the thesis contains information about the author and all his works, characterization and analysis of the collection, and the list of the existing manuscripts, all known editions, and all...
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Formation of the Israeli political elites, 1919-1949
Zouplna, Jan ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Wanner, Jan (referee) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
The submitted dissertation seeks to analyze the political process associated with the origins of the lsraeli polity during the British Mandate over Palestine. Particular attention is given to the political turmoil within two rival blocks: the Zionist Labor movement and the Revisionist movement. The structure of the dissertation reflects the fact that Haim Weizmann, the longserving president of the Zionist Organization, and his then dominant General Zionists were sidelined at the turn of 1920s and 1930s by the two activist trends of Zionist politics that came to dominate Israeli society from that time forward. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Jews in Finland during World War II
Dvořáková, Jana ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor)
Before and during World War II there was almost no Anti-Semitism in Finland, and in fact, the Finnish government refused to condone the Nazis' anti-Jewish platform. When Finland also refused to cooperate with the Soviet Union in late 1939, Soviet troops attacked Finland. As equal Finnish citizens, the country's Jews joined the army to fight the Soviets; some 15 were killed and many others were wounded. After holding out for several months, Finland surrendered to the Soviet Union in March 1940 and was forced to hand over some of its territory to the Soviets. In 1941 German troops came to Finland; Finland then joined Germany as its ally in the attack on the Soviet Union in order to recapture the land it had lost to the Soviets in the Winter war. Some 300 Jews (Finnish citizens and refugees from other countries) served in the Finnish army during the Continuous war. The German authorities requested that the Finnish government hand over its Jewish community, but the Finns refused. Reportedly, when SS chief Heinrich Himmler brought up the "Jewish question" with Prime Minister Johann Wilhelm Rangell in mid-1942, Rangell replied that there was no Jewish question in Finland; he firmly stated that the country had but 2,000 respected Jewish citizens who fought in the army just like everyone else, and thus closed the...
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The cycle of stories on Joseph in the Jewish tradition, Genesis 37 - 50
Kracíková, Jindřiška ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee)
This thesis, The Cycle of Stories on Joseph in the Jewish Tradition; Genesis 37-50, deals with mediaeval rabbinic commentaries dating back to the 11th to 18th century. The thesis has a general introductory chapter which describes the interpretation methods and schools, their influence and significance for further development of the biblical commentary, followed by studies in exegetic works by selected important rabbinic authorities, such as Rashi, Rashbam, Abraham ibn Ezra, Ramban, Isaac Abravanel, Obadia Sforno and Hayim ben Atar. The final part of the thesis deals with the translation and interpretation of the biblical text, comparing some rabbinic opinions on difficult passages in the text with the Czech translations which are based on the Hebrew language. The passage which is the subject of the studies consists of chapters 37-50 in the book of Genesis, which contains the novel on Joseph, a complete story with several storylines. The story, which covers nearly one third of the book of Genesis, is multilayered, complete and exceptional in terms of its composition, contents, semblance and message. This thesis also includes an appendix containing the author's translation from the original language, both of the studied passages of the biblical text and of the commentaries of representatives of the North...
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INFLUENCE OF HASKALAH ON THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Pavlovská, Zuzana ; Nosek, Bedřich (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The geopolitical conditions in Europe at the end of the 17th century, the transition from absolutist order to democratic systems, prompted a new cultural stream - the Enlightenment. Due to economic, social, and cultural changes in the 18th century, the Jewish Enlightenment, the so called Haskalah, emerged as a movement that brought European Enlightenment into the Jewish world. The Haskalah was an ideological and social movement that began in the early 19th century and was active until the rise of the Jewish national movement in the early 1980's. In a sense, the Haskalah represented the spread of the 18th century European Enlightenment but mainly dealt with the political status of the Jews and their relationship to European culture. Essentially, the Haskalah sought to exploit the new possibilities of economic, social, and cultural integration that became available to Jews at the end of the 18th century through the elimination of legal discrimination. Supporters of the movement - Maskilim worked in various fields: philosophy, education, culture, economy, politics, and religion. To promote Jewish emancipation in Europe, Maskilim caused a social upheaval, which resulted, among other things, in the disintegration of the traditional concept of the Kehilah and its theocratic organizational structure....
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Formation of Israeli National Identity in poems of Natan Alterman
Tintěrová, Monika ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Boušek, Daniel (referee)
The presented diploma thesis named "Formation of Israeli National Identity in Poems of Nathan Alterman" aims to present its reader from an interdisciplinary perspective of scientific discipline of Anthropology of Literature, way by which was the poetic text used in the process of forming of the Israeli National Identity. That is demonstrated on the chosen case study of two poems of Nathan Alterman (1910-1970): Silver Plate and About This. Alterman, one of the most known poets of Israeli War of Independence, published these poems in his regular newspaper platform Seventh Column in leading left oriented journal Davar. First of the poems was written still in the pre-state period in the year 1947 and expressed a severe critics to a Zionistic perception of the expected war which was about to burst out with the upcoming end of the British Mandate on Palestine and division of the territory into an Arabic and Jewish state. Second poem was published almost exactly a year after the first one and criticizes war behaviour of the Israeli army to local Arab inhabitants. Both these poems foreshadowed Alterman's way of his relation to the ruling establishment and not only him but of all his generation of authors, which with their literary texts expressed criticism towards the state apparatus, but legitimized it at...
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