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Telephone interpreting
Perníková, Michaela ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
While telephone interpreting is very well established on the foreign market, in the Czech Republic it is still quite unknown and not very much used. Foreign companies that provide telephone interpreting have sophisticated systems to chose, train and assess interpreters and to connect them promptly with clients. This type of interpreting is being employed in various areas of human activity - in healthcare, in communication with service providers, such as banks, at courts, during police interrogations, in the private sector, where business partners need to communicate with each other, etc. Telephone interpreting is still seeking its position on the Czech market - the service is offered and provided by agencies, clients, however, are not interested. In its first part, the present thesis explores the theory and present-day situation of telephone interpreting. Telephone interpreting is defined in the contexts of remote, dialogue and community interpreting; the foreign market is described, as well as the areas where over the phone interpreting is mainly employed. The conducted research focuses on the USA, where the telephone interpreting market is developed the most. The empirical part of the thesis draws on a survey carried out among translation agencies, hospitals, nongovernmental organizations and...
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Status of Court Interpreters in the Czech Republic
Sojáková, Jana ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Šprcová, Ilona (referee)
The thesis focuses on the status of court interpreters in the Czech Republic as a party cooperating with state authorities (courts and police) mainly in criminal proceedings. It aims to explore the work conditions of court interpreters in the Czech Republic. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part describes general features of court interpreting, the legal framework of court interpreting in the Czech Republic, the settings of court interpreting and the role of different participants of criminal proceedings. The second part examines the status of court interpreters in the Czech Republic through a questionnaire-based survey and interviews with court interpreters, representatives of courts and police officers. The survey showed that state authorities are not fully aware of the difficulty of court interpreting and do not create entirely suitable conditions for its practice. Considering also the low compensation of court interpreters, their status in the Czech Republic is rather problematic. The thesis was partly written in connection with the European project IMPLI (Improving Police and Legal Interpreting). Key-words: court interpreting, criminal proceedings, courts, police, act on experts and interpreters.
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Neurolinguistic approach to interpreting research in Italy (SSLMIT Trieste): a critical survey in the context of further developments
Kadová, Alžběta ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
An important field of interpreting research, neurolinguistic approach emerged soon after the shift towards an interdisciplinary approach to research into interpreting. The mutually beneficial collaboration between neurolinguists and interpreters has been centred mainly on the issue of language representation in interpreters as bilingual subjects, namely on the role each of the two cerebral hemispheres plays depending on the task (automatic speech production, shadowing, translation of single words or phrases, simultaneous interpreting), choice of interpreting strategy (literal vs. meaning- based interpretation) or on the direction of interpreting (B to A vs. A to B language). The thesis focuses on the research into hemispheric lateralization done at SSLMIT, University of Trieste, Italy - the place where, in the 80s, the neurolinguistic approach was first adopted. The Trieste School then remained its centre for approximately ten years. The beginning chapters of this theoretical study present the fundamentals of neuranatomy, neurophysiology and neurolinguistics, necessary for understanding of the mental processes underlying simultaneous interpretation. Furthermore, relevant neuroimaging methods are introduced that either have already been used in or could be applied to interpreting research in the...
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Využití pracovní paměti v procesu simultánního tlumočení
Timarová, Šárka ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Hodáková, Soňa (referee) ; Pöchhocker, Franz (referee)
Šárka Timarová: Pracovní paměť v konferenčním simultánním tlumočení disertační práce Abstrakt Tato disertační práce se zaměřuje na otázku zapojení pracovní paměti v procesu konferenčního tlumočení. Pracovní paměť je pro simultánní tlumočení považována za klíčový kognitivní mechanismus, ale toto tvrzení zatím nebylo významně empiricky podloženo. Předkládaná studie vychází z teoretické literatury jak v oblasti tlumočení, tak v oblasti kognitivní psychologie. Analýza publikovaných empirických prací ukázala několik mezer v současném bádání, a to především skutečnost, že výzkum se dosud soustředil pouze na některé funkce pracovní paměti (především funkce paměťové) a na testování osob bez tlumočnické praxe či s praxí omezenou (studenti tlumočení). Předkládaná studie pojímá pracovní paměť šířeji se zvláštním zřetelem k funkcím řídícím, které úzce souvisejí s pozorností, a dále se zaměřuje výlučně na profesionální tlumočníky. Podstatou studie je srovnání výkonu tlumočníků v testech pracovní paměti a při simultánním tlumočení. Výsledky ukazují, že a) existuje vztah mezi pracovní pamětí tlumočníků a simultánním tlumočením, b) tento vztah se týká především funkcí řídících; u funkcí paměťových se žádný zásadní vztah neprokázal, c) některé funkce pracovní paměti se rozvíjejí spolu s tlumočnickou praxí, a d) vztah...
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The evolutionof the picture of interpreter in selected international and Czech medias
Salajková, Linda ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
The thesis focuses on the image of interpreter and interpretation in Czech printed media from 1990 to 2012. It aims to explore how interpreters present themselves in media, how journalists present interpreters and whether that image is accepted or not by the public. The thesis consists of two parts. The theoretical part focuses on methods of media and discourse analysis, definition of interpretation, formation of interpreters and professional associations in the Czech Republic. Empirical part analyses more than 800 articles about interpretation and analyses the discourse of Czech media during the period of twenty years. Analysis showed that the discourse changes constantly and the point of view of interpreters on their profession is different from the discourse created by journalists. Empirical part contains a survey which showed, that public opinion on interpreters is different from observed discourse of the media.
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Typology of errors in the process of interpretation from Czech sign language into Czech
Šantrůčková, Vendula ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Petráňová, Romana (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to categorise and describe formal errors of sign language interpreters. It focuses on errors committed during interpretation from a sign language into a spoken language, e.g. from the Czech sign language into Czech. Sign language interpreting is usually simultaneous. That is why there is a chapter on the simultaneous interpretation process. Next chapter describes interpreting strategies and roles of simultaneous interpretation process participants. The subsequent part describes the specificity of sign language interpretation. In includes a brief history of interpreting for the deaf as well as equal competences of both spoken and sign languages interpreters, specific competences of sign language interpreters and an explanation of similarities and differences between spoken and sign language interpretation. The next section is focused on errors of spoken language interpreters and errors of sign language interpreters. Empirical part describes research based on recordings of formals errors of sign language interpreters. This chapter defines the research hypothesis and formal errors resulting from individual research and it contains an analysis of the research itself. There is an exercise for interpreters based on analysis of the research. The final part of the thesis consists of...
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Comparison of students' performance at the beginning and upon completion of their simultaneous interpretation training course
Renner, Jakub ; Čeňková, Ivana (referee) ; Jettmarová, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis aims to di scover any possible relat ionships between the capaci ty of working memory and the abi l i ty to interpret features of modal i ty. Based on this aim, the basic concepts determining the approach to the above quest ion are out l ined (working memory, modal i ty) . An experiment is conducted which on a populat ion of nine subject s invest igates the development of the capacity of working memory (memory span test ) and the abi l i ty to interpret features of modal i ty during the course of interpretat ion t raining (simul taneous interpretat ion of an Engl ish text wi th high incidence of modal i ty). On a populat ion of three subjects a fol low-up experiment invest igates the capaci ty of working memory and the abi l i ty to interpret features of modal i ty of experienced interpreters. Based on an analysis, evaluat ion and stat ist ical processing of the experimental resul ts, the thesis determines that working memory capaci ty and the abil i ty to interpret features of modal i ty may be related. The quant i tat ive research is supplemented by a discussion moving away f rom a purely pos i t ivist paradigm towards the interpretat ive (const ruct ivist ) paradigm; this discussion then out l ines problemat ic areas where further research could cont ribute towards a bet ter understanding of...
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Czech as a "C" language
Ageiwa, Veronika ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Klein, Silke (referee)
The aim of this work was to describe the politics of interpreting in European institutions and to define basic problems in interpreting with focus on Czech as a C language, or if possible to recommend potential improvements. The theoretical part is divided in two extensive chapters. The first one deals with organization of interpreting in European institutions, options to learn new languages, strategies of interpreter-engagement and their working conditions. The second chapter defines possible problems in interpreting from Czech. Those are personality of interpreter, Czech speaker, source text characteristics, hearer expectations, working environment, relay and retour, preparation materials and time. In the empirical part we had done a questionnaire research among the European institutions interpreters. It was then followed by interviews with three interpreters, in which we tried to clarify more complicated problems and to extend the questionnaire research. The research focuses on strategies of adding new working languages and on ways used for studying the Czech language. We also verified the possible problematic areas in interpreting that had been defined in the theoretical part. In the interviews we touched upon deeper causes of some problems, also we discussed some possible solutions to these problems....
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The development of interpreting in Sweden
Pišvejc, David ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
Sweden has been one of the pioneers in community interpreting. Due to the upsurge of immigration, the 1960s saw the start of systematic interpreter training in Sweden in order to provide a full interpretation service to immigrants dealing with authorities or the health care service. Gradually, community interpreter training was introduced in several types of community colleges administered by The Institute for Interpretation and Translation Studies (TÖI), set up for that purpose by the government in 1986. With the country joining the EU in 1995, it was necessary to train enough conference interpreters to ensure a continuous supply from TÖI graduates. The market for conference interpreters is limited both in Sweden and the European institutions, compared with community interpreters. There is a legal obligation to provide interpretation to immigrants and newcomers when dealing with the authorities. Interpreters in Sweden can qualify as "authorized interpreters" once they pass a series of demanding exams that take place regularly. However, neither authorization nor formal interpreter training are compulsory for the profession, which directly affects the quality of the service. Authorized interpreters must abide both by a code of conduct and the regulations whereas unauthorized interpreters have no such...
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Neurolinguistic Approach to Interpreting Research in Italy (SSLMIT Trieste): Beginning and Recent Trends
Kadová, Alžběta ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
An important field of interpreting research, neurolinguistic approach emerged soon after the shift towards an interdisciplinary approach to research into interpreting. The mutually beneficial collaboration between neurolinguists and interpreters has been centred mainly on the issue of language representation in interpreters as bilingual subjects, namely on the role each of the two cerebral hemispheres plays depending on the task (automatic speech production, shadowing, translation of single words or phrases, simultaneous interpreting), choice of interpreting strategy (literal vs. meaning-based interpretation) or on the direction of interpreting (B to A vs. A to B language). The thesis focuses on the research into hemispheric lateralization done at SSLMIT, University of Trieste, Italy - the place where, in the 80s, the neurolinguistic approach was first adopted. The Trieste School then remained its centre for approximately ten years. The beginning chapters of this theoretical study present the fundamentals of neuranatomy, neurophysiology and neurolinguistics, necessary for understanding of the mental processes underlying simultaneous interpretation. Furthermore, relevant neuroimaging methods are introduced that either have already been used in or could be applied to interpreting research in the...
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