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Dissolved and gaseous nitrogen losses in forests controlled by soil nutrient stoichiometry
Oulehle, Filip ; Chuman, T. ; Hruška, Jakub ; Krám, Pavel ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Ač, Alexander ; Urban, Otmar
This study investigates the consequences of chronic nitrogen deposition in forests, including its effects on soil and surface water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. To predict these effects, the authors explore the controls over dissolved and gaseous nitrogen fluxes in temperate forests. Their findings indicate that stream leaching losses of dissolved nitrogen correspond with the nutrient stoichiometry\nof the forest floor, with stream N losses increasing as ecosystems progress towards phosphorus limitation. Soil nitrogen storage increases with oxalate extractable iron and aluminium content. The authors estimate soil gaseous losses based on 15 N stocks, which averaged 2.5±2.2 kg N ha-1 year-1 , comprising 20±14% of total nitrogen deposition. They also extrapolate the current gaseous nitrogen loss flux from forests globally to be 8.9 Tg N year-1 , which represents 39% of current nitrogen deposition to forests worldwide.
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Refinement of the snow cover distribution
Procházka, J. ; Šustková, V. ; Tesař, Miroslav
The study evaluates the importance of automatic snow monitoring stations (ASMS) operated by different subjects in the chosen sub-catchments in the Šumava Mts. in the framework of water reservoir Orlík basin. The attention is paid to the snow cover monitoring as an important water balance component of a basin especially in the mountainous regions. Sub-catchments of the Vltava and Otava rivers represent head water regions of the rainfall windward part of the boarder mountains while Volyňka and Blanice sub-catchments represent leeward inland part of mountains. The importance of ASMS was proved especially in the highest and remote localities of the Šumava Mts. where the basic meteorological stations used for common climatological and hydrological evaluations are missing. The description of the snow cover and its characteristics is possible to improve significantly owing to recent sources and methods. The continual record of the snow cover depth gives for the higher regions of the Šumava Mts. new findings and operational data both for standard climatological evaluations and for further applications used in the framework various institutions, e.g. Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, State Enterprises, etc.
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Instruments for precipitation measurement from history to the present
Lipina, P. ; Procházka, J. ; Tesař, Miroslav
The precipitation amount is one of the most important meteorological elements. It is of fundamental importance for the creation of climatological characteristics, it is the basis of the water balance and the primarily monitored element in the forecasting and warning service. Precipitation measurement has been burdened with many uncertainties for a long time and is therefore consistently given due attention.\nThe first measurement of precipitation in Europe dates back to the 17th century. Regular but not complete measurements of precipitation at Prague's Klementine observatory began in 1752 (continuous series since 1804), in Brno in 1803. In 1817, M.A. David wrote the first guide for observing the weather in Bohemia, published in German, intended for volunteer observers. The activities of institutions and various associations, such as the Prague Klementinum, the Natural Research Society in Brno, the Central Institute for Meteorology and Earth Magnetism and others, had a fundamental influence on the establishment of meteorological stations and precipitation measurements. The Hydrographic Commission for the Kingdom of the Czech Republic and its hydrometric section were founded in 1875 under the leadership of F. J. Studnička E. Purkyně was responsible for the significant expansion of precipitation measurement at that time as part of the construction of a network of forest precipitation measuring stations. \nFor more than 200 years, rain gauges and precipitation measurements have been developed. The Metra 886 manual rain gauge, which has been used for a long time in the Czech lands, was developed according to the Austrian model of prof. Kostlivý. Since 1995, the automation of rainfall measurement was started, first with tipping bucket raingauges, which are gradually being replaced by weighing raingauges. Alternative methods of measuring precipitation are being tested in\nremote and forested areas. This post tries to bring the history, standards and development of precipitation measurement in our country at least as a guide.
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Temperature regime of forest soils
Dohnal, M. ; Votrubová, J. ; Mazúchová, R. ; Blunár, P. ; Tesař, Miroslav
Contribution deals with the monitoring of the temperature regime of forest soils and the soil heat flux at small mountainous basins Liz in the Šumava Mts. and Uhlířská in the Jizera Mts. Soil temperatures are measured with the help of soil moisture meters (Pt100 at Liz basin and CS107 at Uhlířská basin), the soil heat flux is measured with the use of the sensor Hukseflux HFP01. Measured results were statistically evaluated, the analysis of the consistence of the measurement was done and cumulative soil heat fluxes were calculated for the individual hydrological years.
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The nature of highly permeable flowpaths in the Turonian aquifers in the eastern part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin
Starý, Jiří ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Datel, Josef (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the study of highly permeable porosity and the potential for karstification in the area of the East Bohemian Cretaceous synclines, which are of great importance for water supply. The susceptibility of the rocks to karstification was studied by taking cores and determination of their calcite content and by leaching the cores in 10 % HCl and monitoring of rock disintegration after leaching. A scanning electron microscopy and elemental mapping by microprobe were used to understand the structure and composition of the rock. The nature of the inflow zones to the boreholes was studied by evaluating available well logging data, particularly acoustic well logging, inflow data to the boreholes and by leaching rock samples from cores taken from the depth intervals where inflows occurred. A total of 247 cores taken from both boreholes and surface outcrops were studied. Only 5 % of the samples from the Turonian B, Ca, Cb aquifers that disintegrate from more than 50 % after leaching will form karst conduits in tectonically intact rock. This representation is much lower than in the Jizera Formation in the western part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Only a small fraction of the samples disintegrate if calcite content is below 78 %, the majority show no or very little disintegration. Only...
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Face Detection in Video on GPU
Tesař, Martin ; Nečas, Ondřej (referee) ; Polok, Lukáš (advisor)
This work deals with task of face detection on graphic card. First part is the introduction to face detection methods focusing on detector proposed by Viola and Jones. Further, this work studies the possibilities of mapping detector's key parts on graphic card. Next part describes implementation details of designed application. The end of work include results and comparison with CPU approach. The last chapter summarizes the whole work and proposes future possibilities of development.
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Fractals and Their Applications in Computer Graphics
Tesař, Martin ; Čermák, Martin (referee) ; Koutný, Jiří (advisor)
First part of this bachelors thesis consists of fractal theory, Hausdorff dimension and their applications in computer graphics. In second part is choosen idea for application. It is interactive creation of flame fractals. In this section, there is defined mathematical system of iterated functions, that is the heart of flame fractals. After mathematical examination follows analysis of original algorithm for creation of flame fractals. Thesis continues with methods for image improvement and suggests new enhancements.
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Simulation of the pedestrian evacuation from the school facility
Tesař, Martin ; Plášek, Josef (referee) ; Apeltauer, Tomáš (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on basic principles of soft targets security and on threats aimed at them. Part of this thesis is about the process of an evacuation movement modeling from a grammar school building, specifically the grammar school in Brno-Řečkovice. The model of the building has been created in the Revit program and the simulation of the movement in the Pathfinder program, which is based on agent simulation technologies. As for the methodology, the thesis is a comparison of the evacuation processes under different conditions.
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Production of gear wheel
Tesař, Michal ; Řiháček, Jan (referee) ; Císařová, Michaela (advisor)
The work deals with the design of gear production technology and the required production series is 80,000 pieces per year. After evaluating various variants of gear production, the method of fine blanking with a vee-shaped was chosen, on which the literature search is also focused. The part will be made of material E 295 with a thickness of 2 mm and the semi-finished product is a coil of sheet metal. Part of the work is also the design of a tool, which is based on technological and control calculations. A three-acting press from the company Šmeral Brno FMB 440 was chosen as the machine. At the end of the work, an economic evaluation was performed.
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Wireless Control of Desktop Presentation Using Mobile Phone with Bluetooth
Tesař, Miroslav ; Letko, Zdeněk (referee) ; Novosad, Petr (advisor)
The project aims to relieve a person performing a notebook or desktop computer based presentation of a need to control the presentation by a keyboard. The system uses a mobile phone with mobile Java and Bluetooth technology to communicate with the computer. The project focuses on the use by a wide range of mobile phones and it is independent of the presentation program using separate definition of user controls. This document also contains a brief introduction to mobile Java technology and Bluetooth.
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