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Introduction to Nonparametric Methods
Prelecová, Natália ; Kulich, Michal (advisor) ; Navrátil, Radim (referee)
Title: Introduction to Nonparametric Methods Author: Natália Prelecová Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Michal Kulich,Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to introduce basic nonparametric methods. Nonparametric methods embrace a large class of statistical procedures which do not assume specific data distribution such as normal distribution. They often re- present the only available means of examining specific types of data, for example ranks or counts. Weaker assumptions of these methods make them less powerful than their parametric counterparts. This thesis describes in detail four nonparametric tests- the Ordinary Sign Test, the Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test, the Mann-Whitney Test and finally the Two- sample Wilcoxon Test. The structure of their description will entail the following: the formulation of assumptions, null hypothesis and alternatives, the construction of the test statistic and the definition of rejection regions. The most essential prob- lems, such as the problem of ties, will be also covered. The basic characteristics of the Linear Rank Statistics will be also explained, followed by the Two-sample Wilcoxon test. Keywords: nonparametrical, hypothesis, ranks, consistency, statistic
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Evaluation of ktivity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method.
Navrátil, Radek ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Křivčíková, Lucie (referee)
Radek Navrátil Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method. Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Pharmacy The aim of this thesis was to assess the antifungal activity of substances prepared at the Department of pharmaceutical chemistry and drug control, Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Králové. Substances were tested through use of microdilution broth method at eight strains of pathogenic fungi: Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, Trichosporon beigelii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Substances were divided into nine groups according to their common structural characteristics. The most effective were the derivates of 2-[(1-heteroarylethyliden) hydrazon]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one with the lowest values of MIC. Derivates of 5,6- diazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile presented no activity. The rate of susceptibility for each tested strain was evaluated. The most susceptible were the Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains. On the contrary, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida tropicalis were presented as the most resistant. Chlorine substitution of pyrazine presented a slight increase of antifungal activity. It is necessary to carry...
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Statistical applications of urn models
Navrátil, Radim ; Omelka, Marek (referee) ; Pawlas, Zbyněk (advisor)
This work shows various applications of urn models in practice. First, basic properties of the occupancy distribution are derived together with its asymptotic approximation. This model is applied and generalized in the theory of database systems for records search from a given database. An application to random texts is mentioned, namely the computation of the expected number of missing and common words in random texts. There are presented exact formulas, their asymptotic approximations and the approximations via occupancy distribution. Then, some urn models, which are used in the randomized response theory for finding out respondents' answers to sensitive questions, are described. These models are compared according to their accuracy and respondents' goodwill to answer. Finally, two non-parametric tests of empty boxes are derived, one for the hypothesis whether a random sample comes from a given population and the second for the hypothesis whether two independent random samples come from the same population. The powers of these tests are compared with commonly used tests for these hypotheses.
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Reaction time recognition software with optical stimulation
Navrátil, Rudolf ; Harabiš, Vratislav (referee) ; Bubník, Karel (advisor)
This work deals with the measurement of reaction time on the basis of optical stimulation, discusses the theory of visual sense and methods of measuring visual reaction time. Solves the design and implementation of application for the measurement of reaction time, archiving measurement results and their statistical evaluation. Discusses the measurement of reaction time using this application on the test sample of people and its evaluation. At the conclusion outlines opportunities for further expansion of the application.
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Business Plan for Expansion of a Small Enterprise
Hladík, Martin ; Navrátil, Radoslav (referee) ; Khateb, Fabian (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with company developement through improvement of product promotion, together with streamlining of the incentive pay system for employees and building of a new manufacturing facility. The theoretical part defines the main concepts that form the structure of the business plan. The following section includes a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the organization. The subject of the final part is to suggest measures based on the results of the previous analysis, aiming at overall development of the company.
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Aversion of the consumer to loss
Navrátil, Radek ; Katrňáková, Eliška (referee) ; Škapa, Stanislav (advisor)
The content of this thesis is an analysis of the consumer ´s behaviour, his attitude to the risk/loss, how he prevents the risk of this loss, which instruments and methods might be used to reduce the loss in certain areas that are related with the consumer´s behavior. Two types of familes and three different life situations were chosen to apply the particular methods and instruments. The outcome of the thesis is a suggestion of the process that would lead to reduction of the risk of loss in given life situations in these two model familes.
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Image Management Toolkit
Navrátil, Rudolf ; Španěl, Michal (referee) ; Beran, Vítězslav (advisor)
This work deals with the possibilities of additional entering of metadata into pictures in the form of key words. It describes the most important existing tools which make this possible. It also mentions and analyzes commonly used picture formats, standards for saving metadata in pictures and their indexing options. It provides a description of the solution to the given task and, in the conclusion, indicates the opportunities for further development.
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Software for multimedial stimuli presenting
Navrátil, Rudolf ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Bubník, Karel (advisor)
This work deals with the affects of multimedia stimuli on the human body, their processing by senses, the possibility of presentation of the stimuli with emphasis on the possibility of measuring the impact of their effect on biological signals using external measuring station. It describes the design and implementation of the application, allowing presentation of the mentioned stimuli and their synchronization with external measuring system Biopac.
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