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Election of Presidents and their competences: Case study of changes of presidential elections in Czech Republic
Woloszczuková, Kristýna ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The theme of this bachelor thesis is focused on the current changes in presidential electoral system in the Czech Republic. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first chapter deals with the theoretical definitions of the topic, election of the President and his powers in different political systems, the next chapter focuses on presidential elections and the extent of his powers currently (2012) in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. Subsequently, the paper focuses on the changes of presidential election system in CZ, to direct elections, and its impact on the President's powers. In this chapter there are new conditions of candidacy and also the impact of this, so long discussed changes to the electoral system of the president, on his position in the political system of our country.
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Ethical codes in parliaments in presidential, semi-presidential and parliamentary system - case of USA, France and Great Britain
Blížkovský, Radek ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
Regulation of ethical regimes in parliaments seems to be a current issue in many (not only) western democratic countries. This thesis discusses comparison of ethical codes in parliaments of Great Britain, France and United States of America. Chosen countries have been selected regarding the fact that each country has different political system: parliamentarism in UK, semi-presidencialism in France and presidencialism in USA. The main aim of this work is to find out whether the difference of political systems could affect the scope and content of ethical codes. In order to achieve this task, the author uses the method of analysis and subsequent comparison of individual ethical codes. The thesis is structured into four parts. First part deals partly with theories of representation and mandate and also with particular political systems in selected countries. In second part the author describes codes of ethics in general and also benefits for citizens and legislators connected with adoption of ethical code. Third part analyzes codes of ethics adopted by particular chambers of selected parliaments. Respective comparison of ethical codes and regulations of ethic regimes is contained in the final part.
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Causes and consequences of electoral reform: the case study of Greece
Durdisová, Marcela ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The winners of the election have the ability to adjust the rules of the game to their advantage, although they risk the negative reaction of the voters. This thesis will focus on electoral reforms in Greece since 1974 and their impact on political and party system. Thesis will examine the development and characteristics of the Greek party system since political parties create electoral system and therefore approach to reform electoral rules. Concurrently, the work will answer why the election winners were interested in creating a one-party government through the electoral system with the absolute majority of seats in the parliament. The work will analyze individual mechanisms and functioning of electoral systems and their impact on the nature of the political system in the country.
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Semi-presidentialism: President in the French Fifth Republic
Jarolímová, Lucie ; Reschová, Jana (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
In 1958 the French Fifth Republic was established. The creation of the Fifth Republic was in the interest of many researchers due to its specificity. A political scientist Maurice Duverger found an inspiration for a new type of the political system in the emergence of the new republic. Duverger's theory of semi-presidentialism became the fundemental for further study and it became a model for many emerging regimes. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the president's position in the French semi-presidential political system. The theoretical part of the thesis describes an essence of the semi-presidentialism, its characteristics and the role that president plays in this system. The empirical part focuses on the president's constitutionally enshrined powers and it outlines the reforms that had an impact on the institution of the president. This part also answers the question why the president's influence depends so much on his relationship with the prime minister.
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The Stability of Coalition Governments: Regional versus British-wide Political Party Preferences
Nezdarová, Bára ; Reschová, Jana (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The thesis focuses on the Labour-led coalition governments in Scotland and Wales. The Scottish and Welsh branches of the Labour Party enjoy a great deal of autonomy to to formulate their own policies, to negotiate coalition arrangements and to make strategic choices responding to the electoral challenges in those regions. The Scottish and Welsh Labour Parties have not been obliged to follow the British-wide New Labour policy preferences in the devolved bodies, even though the Scottish Labourites often did so. In Wales, a more distinctive approach has been adopted. However, both Scottish and Welsh Labour Parties have been willing to compromise and to make significant concessions to their coalition partners. The different approaches to tuition fees in Westminster, Scotland and Wales presented in the last chapter were also the case. Therefore, the thesis concludes that the stability of the analyzed regional coalition governments was not threatened by British-wide policy preferences of the Labour Party.
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Direct Election of the President in Czech Republic
Špačková, Veronika ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
Next year, the citizens of the Czech Republic will choose a new president in direct election. The subject of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate all submitted proposals for changes to the presidential election and attitudes of stakeholders (parties, experts, voters). It tries to answer the question whether the introduction of direct elections may change the political system. Apart of this the bachelor thesis also focuses on political system and its classification and the position of president in the executive.
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The Liberal Democrats in coalition government in Great Britain: analysis of their actual functioning
Ohnišťová, Markéta ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the influence and functioning of the Liberal Democrats in the current coalition government in Great Britain, constituted on the basis of the results of the parliamentary elections in 2010. The theoretical part discusses the characteristics, function and evolution of the party system as part of the British political system. By comparing electoral programs of both parties the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives the thesis analyzes which program priorities each party prevailed in the coalition agreement, and vice versa which subsided. To build a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the Liberal Democrats in the government thesis also uses result of geeral polls. In conclusion, the work finds out that the Liberal Democrat party has made some successes in promoting their interests, but also that in most of its priorities and principles gave way to a stronger conservative partners.
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The political marketing of the political party TOP 09 before the election in 2010
Vávrová, Barbora ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor thesis "The political marketing of the political party TOP 09 before the election in 2010" deals with the analysis of use of the marketing instruments and their application in the election campaign of the TOP 09. The first theoretical part of thesis describes the political marketing and deals with theory of the election campaigns and the political parties from the marketing point of view. The second part represents the political party TOP 09, its origin and the main leaders. The practical part describes the political marketing of the TOP 09 and its election campaign. The end of the thesis analyzes and evaluates the political marketing of the TOP 09 and its share of the success in the elections in 2010.
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Consociationalism in practice: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Fialová, Tereza ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The model of a consociational democracy, which has been imposed on Bosnia and Herzegovina, has not started working -- not even after 16 years of being applied -- the way it ought to. After the last parliamentary elections, that were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina in October 2010, the effort to assemble the government lasted for 16 months. Moreover, the Serbians, since contracting the Dayton Agreement, which was in fact proposed by the international community, have had rather separatist tendencies. The Croats are not satisfied with the current form of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where they have to live along with the Bosnians. They demand a creation of the third entity within the regions occupied mostly by their nation. The Bosnians, however, want the country to head towards a unitary state instead. These are not the only conflicts and issues impeding the effective function of the political system. This thesis primarily concentrates on analyzing the causes which constrain from a successful functioning of a consociational democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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The fight against corruption in the Czech republic - the problem of public procurement
Hlávková, Lenka ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
In the Czech Republic, public procurement and the misuse thereof has been a topical issue for the last few years, both in theory and in practice. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to highlight the necessity of transparent public procurement, of adopting the relevant amendment to the law and of further anti-corruption measures, by providing a definition of terms associated with public procurement as well as an outline of the problems of its misuse, which are applied to an example of public procurement misuse in practice. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter aims to define the basic terms associated with public procurement and to delineate the process thereof. The second chapter deals theoretically with the issue of possible public procurement misuse and the associated corruption practices. In the third chapter, an example of public procurement misuse is analysed in the case of the Znojmo council corruption practices from 2009. In the fourth chapter, the amendment to the public procurement law is addressed.
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