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Nationalizations in Czechoslovakia and France 1945 - 1948
Kukanová, Katarína ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
NATIONALIZATIONS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND FRANCE 1945-1948 This thesis deals with process of nationalizations in Czechoslovakia and France from 1945 to 1948. It tries to compare an approach of Czechoslovak and French government to the restrictions of private property ownership after the Second World War. The First Chapter is theoretical and introductory to the topic. It starts with prehistory of nationalizations and presents the differences between capitalist and socialist notion of liberty, equality and private property and transformation of nationalizations from the economic and political concept to the legal institute. It also tries to outline the differences between nationalizations and related legal institutes as expropriation, confiscation and national administration. The Chapter Two targets on similarities and differences of nationalizations in Czechoslovakia and France during the years 1945-1948 and seeks to respond a question to what extent the Czechoslovak reforms resembled the way the Western States dealt with new economic, political and social situation in Europe after the war. It describes economic, political and social conditions of the post-war nationalizations in Europe and process of nationalizations in France and Czechoslovakia during the above-mentioned period. Comparison of Czechoslovak and...
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The Faculty of Law of Charles University in 1948-1955, institutional and personal transformation of the Faculty in the proces of Sovietization of higher education in Czechoslovakia
Sojková, Alena ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
When KSČ gained power in ČSR, one of the steps it had to initialize in order to seize control over the Czechoslovak public was re-education and alternation of its intelligence. In order to do so, it was necessary to fully reorganize the system of universities. The arrangements that were being performed in the name of this principle strongly influenced also the Faculty of Law, Charles University, which was before February, 1948, considered the most reactive and the most conservative faculty of this university. The first part of this paper will consider the personal changes at universities, with a special emphasis on the Faculty of Law, Charles University. The first of the "cleansing processes" was the examination of the national reliabilities, the foreground of what proceeded after February, 1948. The politically motivated elimination of students, initiated by the National Committee and the so-called "study inspections" of the years 1948-49 and the exclusion of the university professors after February, 1948 onwards, soon followed. This cleansing enabled the party to appoint such members of KSČ who did not resist further measures. The second part of the paper discusses the organizational changes of the faculty and of the whole educational system on the base of the new law treating the universities,...
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Extraordinary People's Court in Prague
Němečková, Daniela ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Résumé The outrageous crimes committed by the Nazis and their treacherous accomplices in Czechoslovakia demanded strict justice. These were the first words of the Decree No. 16/1945 concerning the punishment of Nazi criminals, traitors and their accomplices and concerning the Extraordinary People's Courts (so called the Great Decree). This decree was used to punish Nazi criminals, traitors and their accomplices who stood trial before the Extraordinary People's Courts. The biggest extraordinary people's court resided in Prague, it carried out its activity from 5th September 1945 to 4th July 1947 and it had to deal with eleven thousand cases. During its existence this court had to solve a lot of issues: such as missing professional judges and public prosecutors, problematic cooperation with the District National Committees, and finally the interpretation of problematic provisions. A lot of important Nazis had to stand trial before this court, such as the prosecutor of the Special court Kurt Blaschtowitschka, the politician of the First Republic and the Minister of State for Bohemia and Moravia Karl Hermann Frank, the Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia Kurt Daluege, the gestapo leader in Kladno Harald Wiesmann with another fifteen gestapo members and at last the parachutist and later paid confident, the...
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The Relationship of the Czech State towards the Holy Roman Empire based on the Golden Bull of Sicily and the Golden Bull of Charles IV
Krajčír, Tomáš ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Kuklík, Jan (referee)
The subject of the rigorous work "The Relationship of the Czech State towards the Holy Roman Empire based on the Golden Bull of Sicily and the Golden Bull of Charles IV" is a juristic analysis of the Golden Bull of Sicily from 1212 and the Golden Bull of Charles IV from 1356. The first part of the work addresses the general issues of the Golden Bull of Sicily and the historical circumstances preceding this decree. The second part focuses on the Golden Bull of Charles IV and in particular on the general interpretation of this code of law, as well as on the situation preceding its issuing. The last part contains the exact wordings of this decree and code of law and their legal analyses.
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The operation of political committee in the period of the so-called Legal Biennial
Frantalová, Anna ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
The thesis called The operation of political commitee in the period of the so-called Legal Biennial deals with the activity of political commitee, an especial authority subordinated to the Ministry of Justice, in the period of the so-called Legal Biennial, i.e. in 1948-1950. The main aim of the commitee's activity was to direct the drafts of new laws presented by particular expert commitees and to adjust ideologicaly its content. In the first part of the thesis, the author presents the period of so-called Legal Biennal and describes the procedure of creation the new laws and its passing in the National Assembly. In this part, the author also dealt with the establishment, competetions and tasks of the commission and afterwadrs she presents also its members and organisation of the commitee's activity. One of the results of the author's work is also a tabular survey of the commitee's meetings including the attendance and discussed topics. The second part of the thesis is oriented to legal questions discussed by the commitee on its meetings, arranged in thematic order and on the influence of the commitee on the final wording of presented laws. Finally, the author presents some of the main members of the political commitee who significantly influenced its operation.
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Sudeten-German issue's reflection in Czecho-German relations and its legal aspects
Holý, Michal ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
The basic aim of the thesis is to provide a sufficient image of the German minority's, the so-called "Sudeten-Germans'", legal status in the first Czechoslovak republic. The author of the thesis decided to include also a brief outline of the legal status of nations in the era of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy besides the analysis of all the three law of national minorities mainstays, the way they are specified by today's jurisprudence, together with the description of their origin circumstances. This was the time when both the real and theoretical basis of the issue were formed, going hand in hand with historical events that predetermined the following historical development in this case. Space is also given to the international political situation which had, together with the international legislation, essential influence on the origins of domestic legislation dealing with the German minority's status and its incorporation into the Czechoslovak republic itself. The thesis is divided in two basic parts - Cisleithanian Law of National Minorities and Czechoslovak Law of National Minorities and Protection of Minorities. The first of them is formed by two chapters, out of which one is aiming at outlining the legal and political dimension of the Czecho-German question on the background of the...
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The General Civil Code and private law in Slovakia between 1918 and 1938 (a comparison of property rights and obligations)
Čegan, Petr ; Kindl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kuklík, Jan (referee)
The General civil code and the private law in Slovakia in the period 1918 - 1938 (comparison of the property rights and law of obligations) Abstract The aim of my thesis is to describe the comparison between The General civil code and the private law in Slovakia in the period 1918 - 1938. The comparison focuses on the property rights and law of obligations. The reason for my research is that nobody has dealt with the topic of this thesis. This thesis consists of the eight chapters, each of them analyzes the different field of thesis. Chapter One consists of three parts and deals with The General civil code. Part One explains the origin of The General civil code. Part Two describes the content of The General civil code and part Three is about development of The General civil code from 1811 to 1950. Chapter Two contains information about private law in Slovakia. Chapter Two is subdivided into five parts, which focuses on the source of law in Slovakia. The attempt of unification of private law in The Czechoslovakian republic is examined in chapter Three. This chapter is composed of two parts. Part One analyzes the unification of the private law in The Czechoslovakian republic and part Two describes the development of The bill, which implements the new General civil code. Chapter Four is about the definition of...
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Decrees of the President of the Republic in relation to deportation of Sudeten Germans from Plzen and Klatovy area
Naxera, Norbert ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee)
RESUMÉ OF THE RIGOROUS THESIS DECREES OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC IN RELATION TO DEPORTATION OF SUDETEN GERMANS FROM PLZEN AND KLATOVY AREA This Rigorous Thesis is focused on the Decrees of the President Edvard Beneš (more commonly known as the Beneš decretes) issued in 1945 in relation to the deportation of Sudeten Germans, especially Germans living in Plzen, Klatovy and surrounding areas. This Thesis briefly describes the history of Czech-German relationships from the eldest times till the middle of the twentieth century, further then the legal form of the citizenship from 1945 and historical events which in their result led to deportation of German Citizens from Czechoslovakia. It is followed by description of establishment and activity of Czechoslovakian exile government in London during the Second World War and origination of Decrees of the President of the Republic same as development of opinions to the solution of Czech-German coexistence of Czechoslovakian politicians and resistance organizations during the Second World War. The Thesis also mentions the contents of the Constitutional Decree No.33/1945 on Modification of Czechoslovak Citizenship of persons of German and Hungarian ethnicity and several Decrees relating to legal status of Sudeten Germans. The Thesis describes deportation of...
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Rights of minorities nations in Czechoslovakia and their application
Neumann, Miloš ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee)
IN ENGLISH This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the rights of national minorities and their application in the inter-war Czechoslovakia. The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze this question in one particular region. For this purpose I chose a linguistic island surrounded by majority of other languae. Yet I tried to provide a view of as much as possible points of view. This linguistic island should therefore contain a people of surrounding majority who create linguistic minority in observed region. The candidate for the appropriate object exploration is some german linguistic enclave in the middle of czech settlements. Or a region of significant czech minority amid german speaking milieu. As the best option I finally chose so called Wischauer Sprachinsel with a German settlement surrounded by Czech-speaking majority. Since the 19th century, the region began to increase the share of Czech-speaking population, which resulted in matryoshka doll consisting of a minority in a minority, the phenomenon typical for Lands of the Bohemian Crown at this time. However, in order to better explain the issue, I chose to compare the situation in the Wischauer Sprachinsel with another sore point for the Czech ethnographic map. The ideal candidate was Litvínov region in the Sudetenland, which was a mirror...
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