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Variants of the phonemes /d/ and /g/ in Spanish and their pronunciation by Czech and Slovak speakers
Vančišinová, Elena ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
The present bachelor thesis studies the acquisition of Spanish phonemes /d/ and /g/ pronounced by Czech and Slovak speakers. The theoretical section contains a general description of the phonemes in contrast with the Czech and Slovak languages and describes the process of second language acquisition from a phonological point of view. The practical section deals with the acoustic analysis of target consonants in different contexts by using the Praat program. We evaluate the occurrence of each variant on twelve recordings of students and compare them with the pronunciation of native speakers. The results confirm that the transfer of L1 phonological knowledge plays an important role in the acquisition of L2 Spanish phones. Students mostly experience difficulties to spirantize the studied phonemes and to use a dental pronunciation of the /d/. The research also provides evidence about the factors which have the greatest influence on the correct acquisition of the consonants. Key words Spanish, Czech, Slovak, phonetics, language acquisition, Praat, pronunciation
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Catalanisms in Spanish language
Martišková, Adriána ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with language contact between the Spanish and Catalan languages. More specifically, it follows up their mutual influence, focusing on the influence of Catalan and its sociolinguistic environment on the Spanish language. In the beginning, the basic linguistic terms and the historical and structural summary of the Spanish and Catalan languages are defined. Before the very core of the work, we classify 3 language levels at which these two languages interact, forms of language contact and mechanisms of language interference. The main part of the work are two case studies in the form of an analysis of both Catalanisms of historic origin and contemporary interferences in journalistic style. Our corpus is the periodical La Vanguardia, in which the analysis is done. We are primarily interested in whether, in the case of written expression, language interference occurs and at the same time in the characteristics of individual expressions and their specific use in the context of the corpus.
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Linguistic minorities in Spain. Competition between Catalan and Spanish in Catalonia
Vítková, Alžběta ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with multilingualism in Spain, illustrated by the concrete example of competition between Spanish and Catalan in Catalonia. The first part of this paper presents the current sociolinguistic situation in Catalonia within the context of theoretical concepts such as the identity function of language, language contact, diglossia and bilingualism. The second part outlines the historical and legislative context of the coexistence of Catalan and Spanish language in the Catalan territory. The third part focuses on methodology of the analysis and presents the models of language policy and language planning. The empirical analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, investigates the competition between Spanish and Catalan in the public sector (in the fields of education, culture, public administration and also individual use of Catalan). The results of the analysis demonstrate that, despite an important level of competition between the two languages and some cases of language rights violation, Catalan and Spanish also influence each other. Finally, the application of the models of language policy and language planning show that the position of Catalan strengthens and consolidates its position in the territory of Catalonia.
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On the history of Hispanic lexicography in Czech philology
Andrašková, Kateřina ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
(anglicky): The aim of the master's thesis is to document a complete list of Czech-Spanish and Spanish- Czech dictionaries that had an impact on the history of Czech Hispanic lexicography. The thesis contains two parts; in the first, theoretical part, the basic concepts related to the topic, the determination of the typology of dictionaries and the structure of the dictionary itself will be defined. The information obtained is primarily from the Spanish tradition, which we relied on in our work. The second, practical part is devoted to a case study - analysis of selected Spanish- Czech dictionaries that were created in the Czech Republic during the 20th and 21st centuries. We obtained the found dictionaries that are part of this work in the catalog of the National Library.
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Depiction of Bullfighting in Spanish Phraselogy and Idiomatics
Králová, Marie ; Krinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
5 Abstract The topic of this bachelor thesis is Spanish phrasemes and idioms originating in the tradition of bullfighting. Theoretical part is divided in two sections. First one contains definitions of basic terms in Czech and Spanish phraseology and idiomatic. The second half serves as an introduction to the world of Spanish bullfighting: brief history of the tradition is presented in the context of Spanish history as well as its basic terminology, participants, and the course of the modern corrida de toros. The practical part focuses on a list of phraseological units originating from or connected to the realm of Spanish bullfighting, and on their Czech equivalents. Etymology of selected units is explained. Most common units from the list are analysed by their use in different contexts and countries. Last section is dedicated to the means of translation of selected phraseological units to Czech language. Key words phraseology, idiomatics, Spanish language, Czech language, bullfighting, corpus
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Language and linguistic rights in constitutions of selected Spanish-speaking countries
Hronková, Veronika ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with a linguistic situation of chosen Spanish speaking countries from juridical point of view. In the beginning of the text there are briefly drafted basic terms. As the illustration of possible resolutions of the linguistic issues there is described the situation in Czech Republic and in Spain. Then we mention basic documents which are part of the language policy of European union and UN. Through obligatory documents for these international associations, we get to Spanish speaking countries out of Europe. In the introduction to Spanish speaking countries out of Europe we classify language families of American countries, and we make a distinction that emerge from regulations of language right by states. The core of the work to which we head towards are countries of South America using officially Spanish language but besides there is one or more languages spoken by people of these countries. Primarily, we are interested in regulation of language rights of indigenous people established in the constitutions of the states. The last part contents analysis of chosen states, in particular Chile, Peru, Paraguay and Bolivia. We analyse actual law regulations of languages which are in force in these states. The main attention is dedicated to Chile where there has been created a project of a...
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Spanish, Catalan, Valencian: the language situation in Valencia
Brož, Stanislav ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
Stanislav Brož, Kastilština, katalánština, valencijština: k jazykové situaci ve Valencii Abstract This diploma thesis is focused on the sociolinguistic situation in Valencian Community. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part dedicates to the definition of basic terms such as bilingualism or diglossia, to the history, which strongly influenced the current situation, to the general characteristics of Valencian Community and languages which are being used (Valencian and Castilian), to their mutual relation, to the language policy of Spain and the language policy of Valencian Community, and also to the opinions and attitudes of local inhabitants to the whole issue. In the practical part we will analyse the real knowledge of language competencies in Valencian language (understanding, speaking, reading and writing) on the basis of accessible research from the website of Generalitat Valenciana and we will draw conclusions about the real language use in Valencian Community.
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Gerund in Spanish and its translation counterparts in Czech and Russian
Kavko, Marharyta ; Krinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The purpose of this bachelor's thesis was the analysis of the Spanish gerund and its translated analogues in Czech and Russian languages along with a comparative analysis of the translations. The main goal of the thesis is to discover which translation equivalents were chosen for the Czech and Russian languages, if they have any similarity and what kind of difference in the translation tradition appears. The main sources for the theoretical part were prominent Spanish, Czech and Russian grammatic and linguistic works. As the source of material for the contrastive analysis of the translation from Spanish to Czech was used the parallel Czech-Spanish corpus InterCorp. For the contrastive analysis of the translation from Spanish to Russian was used the method of manual excerpting from the officially published Russian translation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Spanish adverbs in -mente and their Czech equivalents
Hašková, Alena ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this paper is to introduce Spanish adverbs in -mente and different ways of its translation to Czech. These adverbs are very productive in Spanish. The theoretical part of my thesis consists of their general description and definition of the basic terms. It also presents a general typology of Spanish adverbs (in confrontation with the typology of Czech adverbs) and analyses the origin, history, and current use of adverbs in -mente. Special attention is paid to the restriction of formation of these adverbs. The practical part contains three studies. The objective of the first analysis, for which the corpus Araneum Hispanicum Maius is used, is to show the productivity of the adverbs analysed and to verify come claims about their attributes. The other two studies focus on the ways in which adverbs denoting colour are translated from Czech to Spanish and then frequent adverbs in -mente from Spanish to Czech. The InterCorp corpus is used for these two studies.
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