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A "spirit history" of Zdenek Kalista and German Geistesgeschichte
Čtvrtník, Mikuláš ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with two crucial motifs. The first is the characterization of methodological concept of the spirit history as a specific historiographical movement outlined by Zdeněk Kalista. The author studies in detail all principal questions that Kalista tried to solve in his spirit history. The analysis is based not only on Kalista's texts concerning the methodology of history but his non-methodological historical works as well. Other Czech historians related to Kalista (also the ones that he was following to) are remarked. Besides Jaroslav Goll and Josef Pekař, first of all, Max Dvořák must be mentioned. It's no accident that Max Dvořák is classed as a significant representative of German Geistesgeschichte. The thesis includes an attempt to compare Dvořák's concept of history, like history of art as a place of expression of the epoch spirit and Kalista's spirit history. The second important sphere reflected in the thesis is the tradition of German Geistesgeschichte, specific historiographical trend that appeared primarily in the first half of the twentieth century. Detailed study of this tradition is essential if we seek deeper understanding of Kalista's methodology of history since Kalista followed this tradition by its spirit history and at the same time he tried to bring the definition of his own...
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Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680) and his Influence on the Natural Philosophy in the Czech Lands
Lelková, Iva ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee) ; Sklenička, Petr (referee)
Resumé: The dissertation deals with various layers of influence that Athanasius Kircher and his work had on the development of natural philosophy in the Czech lands around the half of the seventeenth century. It is possible to observe one such layer of this influence in his correspondence with the Czech lands, which often had patronage seeking character but was also a source of natural philosophic knowledge, observations and interests. Besides the correspondence influence, a diachronic influence and changing evaluation of Athnasius Kircher's work in the course of time is explored in one chapter. Another chapter introduces his own autobiography, which provides evidence of Kircher's conscious effort to shape the opinion of his person and his work to be made by his contemporaries and next generation of scholars. The last layer of influence being in focus of this work regards the influence of ideas based on an analogy between the movement of sea waters and movement of fluids in human body. Kircher's ideas on geocosmos expressed in his Mundus subterraneus (1664-1665) and Iter extaticum II (1657) are compared with the work of his correspondent, physician from Wroclaw and editor of the first medicine journal, Philipp Jacob Sachs von Löwenheim's Oceanus macro-microcosmicus (1664). Sachs reflects William Harvey's...
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Information to be found in folk chronicles at the foothills of the Orlické Hory mountains in the 18th century
Svobodová, Ilona ; Maur, Eduard (advisor) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
The goal ofthis Degree Work is to show (through an analysis of eleven folk chronicles originating from the foothi11s of the Orlické Hory Mountains) how country people of that time coped with the rapid course of events in the 18th century - what impression was left on their minds by numerous armed conflicts (the War of Austrian Succession, the Seven Years' War, the Prussian Invasion in 1778 to 1779) that often hit this region, how the people responded to famines, climate fluctuations, celestial phenomena, how they faced up to the disturbance of their traditional way of life and to the disturbance of natural development of the society by the rapid changes caused by the Enlightenment reforms, and last but not least, what they were interested in and what they were thinking about in periods of re1ative quiet. Folk chronic1es are valuable, but for the time being, often neglected sources ofhistorical information that can help lift a little the veil ofless know aspects ofhuman history. By their character, they are subjective, private and unprofessional works often created by people with limited education, of various professions, various social positions, residences (towns, villages), etc. which considerably influenced their records. The beginnings of the interest of the Czech historiography in folk chronicles date...
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The Transformation of perception of vampire in Western culture from early modern period to present : The Assessment of marginal cultural phenomenon in terms of civilization theory of Norbert Elias
Konečná, Zuzana ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the transformation of perception of vampire in Western culture from early modern period to present. The vampire in modern Western culture is very popular and has an unwavering place. Vampires are now attractive and basically not dangerous. The subject of this work is question whether it was so in previous centuries. Work present the change in appearance and character, both fictional character and "real vampires." Based on the analysis of selected fictional works (literary and visual) from the late 18th century, when the vampire came to Western fiction, work shows how gradually transforms the image that this supernatural beings attributes in West. An essential part of how culture perceives certain phenomenon is a belief in it. Therefore I am interested in how the West over time explaining this phenomenon. Work also introduces the Norbert Elias's civilization theory. Analysis of transformation in the perception of a vampire in Western culture follows it's tracks and the results are compared with it with the goal to give answer on question whether this phenomenon is turning into the terms of this theory.
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The question of Czechoslovak revisionism. The issue of the development of marxist thinking since 1948 until 1959
Tauchman, Jaroslav ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
The submitted study deals with the development of Czech Marxist Thinking in the fifties of the 20th century. It specifically focuses on the era between taking power in Czechoslovakia by the Communist Party in 1948 and the peak of the so-called campaign against revisionism at the turn of 1958 and 1959. The study results from the presumption that the liberation in the field of scientific research in Czechoslovakia, as well as in culture, has its clear historical reasons. Besides an unexceptionable influence on this course of events on the part of the economic and political development, the immanent development of Czechoslovak Marxist Thinking appears as the key element in the entire structure of this process.
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Historical anthropology of dreams
Jirsová, Kateřina ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Zaoral, Roman (referee)
An unconventional theoretical study of dreams, this master's thesis aims to approach dreams from the perspective of historical anthropology, with a special emphasis on the Middle Ages. It analyses various theories of dreams from Antiquity to the Enlightenment, considering also the psychoanalytic approach, or (if you like) 20th century analytical psychology, and it is particularly concerned with the medieval notion of dreams and visions, with a special emphasis on the analysis of prophetic dreams of Jan of Jenštejn, the Prague archbishop in the end of the 14th century.
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In the Name of Christ-Selected Thoughts of the Members of the Lesser Czech Evangelical Churches in the Period 1890-1940
Mašek, Tomáš ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (referee)
The work focuses on the specification of the specificities of the thinking of some smaller evangelical churches in the territory of Bohemia in the period 1890-1940. Specifically, this is the Brethren Unity of Chelčický (Baptist), the Unity of Czech Brethren (formerly Reformed Free Church) and the Evangelical Methodist Church. The focus of the interpretation is to introduce the construction of confessional identity based on the relationship to the past and the specific interpretation of the personalities and events that shaped the tradition from which these churches were based. Another element forming the identity of the members of these churches was their attitude to the modern secularization tendencies against which they stood in opposition. Last but not least, their confessional consciousness determined their definition of other forms of piety. The aim of the work was to provide, based on the study of the published written sources left by the members of these three churches, a comparison and characterization of their way of viewing certain subjects through their religious beliefs.
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Forms of Selfidentification of Czech Evangelic Emigrants in 18th century
Pukančíková, Petra ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
Forms of selfidentification of Czech evangelic emigrants in 18th century Selfidentification analysis of Czech evangelic emigrants who settled in Berlin during 18th century is based on their own biografies they wrote before death. Nevertheless, emigrants did not primarily presented themeselves in it but rather they demonstrated through reflection of their own life their belonging to Czech community in Berlin. Research of thease texts is therefore concentrated on textual analysis of chosen categories (for example heart, soul, conscience, salvation, awakening and so on), which emigrants indentified their relations to their belief, fellows and to themselves. Biografical writing aimed at devotional self-reflection was connected with lutheran pietism and presents only one part of authors self-perception. Dispite of this limitation we can find out how emigrants viewed themeselves through their realtionship with God and "awake kommunity".
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