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The Concept of Tradition in the Context of the Theory of Reflexive Modernization
Kondrátová, Lucie ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Concept of Tradition in the Context of the Theory of Reflexive Modernization" deals with the phenomenon of the tradition and its influence on the construction of the social order and the construction of individual biographies in the modern era. The thesis rests on the theory of reflexive modernization which is well- known in sociological theory thanks to Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens. The present reinterpretations of their papers quite often lead to the incorrect explanation of the current reality. Then, the reality is claimed to be detraditionalized. Using the concept of relativization I reject considering the actual state as the state without tradition. The aim of the concept of relativization, which is supported by the principle of sociological imagination, is to dispute this radical statement. The postulate of relativization is demonstrated on the example of the traditional social forms, such as nuclear family. In a wider perspective the aim of the thesis is to declare the continuing tendencies in social sciences to emphasize only the selected aspects of social reality.
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Critique of positivism in social sciences
Janas, Martin ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present a critique of positivism in social sciences. The first chapter is devoted to a presentation of what positivism is. We also learn that positivism is closely related to neopositivism and that in many definitons of these words, the word "metaphysics" appears. Second chapter is devoted to Peter Winch's book The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy. Analysis of this book is presented and we are shown many dangers of positivistic approach regarding the investigation of society. A concept of understanding a society is introduced, which is based on understanding given society's rules. Third chapter presents philosophy of sicence from Martin Heidegger. First, the notion of "metaphysics" is explained. Then we move onto the explanation of the meaing of science and technology in modern society. At the end of the thesis, we are presented with a short comparison of Winch's and Heidegger's philosophy. Conclusion includes new possible routes that sociology could take.
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Niklas Luhmann and the ecological discussion: a sociological approach to environmental problems
Stehlík, Martin ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee)
1 Abstract The bachelor thesis deals with sociological approach to environmental problems in Niklas Luhmann's systems theory and proceeds mainly from Luhmann's book Ecological communication. The first charpter contains a brief summary of various forms of relation between sociology and environmental problems. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to a presentation of Luhmann's general sociological theory and its application to contemporary environmental problems. From Luhmann's viewpoint, it is an issue of the relation between the system of society and its environment. According to Luhmann, the possibilities of a social reaction to environmental problems are limited in two ways: because of the selectivity of social relations to environment and because of functional differentiation, i.e., the creation of operationally closed function systems within the system of society. Subsequently, I complete the explanation of Luhmann's position with the selected comments and critiques of Ecological communication. I also present Ulrich Beck`s theory of risk society and point out its connection to Luhmann's approach, particularly in the case of functional differentiation of modern society.
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