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Change in intergenerational solidarity during a pandemic in social media discussions.
Živná, Kristýna ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Hynek (referee)
The thesis deals with the transformation of intergenerational solidarity and its thematization during the pandemic in the Czech Republic. The background for the research part is thematic debates from the social media environment, while the theoretical basis for data collection is Bengtson's theory of intergenerational solidarity. The analysis of the dataset, which contains over 29,000 records, is approached in two different ways that lead to the same conclusion. The thematic circles observed, regardless of the different methods used to classify them, change together over time, despite the high specificity of each circle.
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Argumentation for accepting of universal income: perspective of biopower.
Nykl, Matěj ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
My bachelor thesis is focusing on the argumentation for implementation of universal basic income. It is a system where every person receives a financial unconditional benefit regularly. There is a long history of this idea, originally presented by liberal authors. More attention has been given to this idea recently as it is sometimes declared as a potential sollution to the problems caused by robotization. Many experiments with universal income has been done by now. Left-wing authors present universal income as a tool for redistribution of wealth that should empower lower classes in the society nowadays. The aim of this bachelor thesis is the comparison between texts of liberal and left-wing proponents. The concept of Michel Foucault's biopower is beeing applied. It describes the moderm forms of governance. The articles about universal income are compared it the areas that are associated with the biopower concept. There are also texts that are not consistently using the liberal nor the left-wing argumentation. They were analysed too in order to be assesed wheater it fits to one of the ideological bases. Analysis of these articles highlights some aspects of liberal and left-wing argumentation for basic income implementation and therefore enhances the validity of conlcussions Keywords Universal...
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Discourse analysis of global climate change. Case of emissions - argumentative strategies of actors
Cholt, Jan ; Šmídová, Olga (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
Aim of this study is to improve understanding of practical application of public media discourse about Global climate change. Theoretical base is embedded in context of humannature relationship. My premise is that risk of global warming or global climate change is hard to sense by individuals hence dependent on expert knowledge and mediating of these thematic fields toward public, mainly by mass media. Introduced topic, or its selected part, was investigated using discourse analysis. It serves as a tool to identify and discuss patterns of thoughts, elements of argumentation and actor's strategies. They are parts - or even base - of media discourse about main topic, objects, subjects and time-space and others contexts. They are systematically coded according to discourse rules in a repeating categories and their overall configuration creates underlying concept of understanding the topic. Data for analysis consist of collection of utterances made in Czech public media discourse during period of December 2004 and June 2005. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Ligitimization in the human rights discourse
Andresová, Zuzana ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
The author, in her text, attempts to answer the question of how the concept of human rights is used for legitimizing certain power positions. In the first part of the text, she describes sociological theories that deal with the concept of human rights and attempt to discover the foundation of human rights. In the second part she deals with the process of symbolic domination. She uses Bourdieu's theories of power field, habitus and symbolic power in order to describe the mechanism of symbolic interaction. She describes the specifications of this mechanism within the school environment. She also uses these theories for descriptions of the law field and the human rights field. Finally, she analyzes high school human rights lectures in order to describe the specific ways in which human rights are used to legitimize a certain position.
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"New fathers" and shared parenting
Dlasková, Julie ; Vodochodský, Ivan (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines the responsibilities and roles of fathers who practise a shared care arrangement in order to get a better understanding of how traditionally perceived women's and men's tasks are divided between the father and the mother after separation. Special emphasis is given to gender equality in responsibilities and roles traditionally ascribed to women and men, to decide in which aspects, fathers who practice shared care can be seen as 'new fathers'. Previous research projects on fatherhood have indicated that in two-parent families it is typically the mother who takes the major responsibility for private sphere duties such as nurturing or domestic labour, while the father's role lies in providing and financial support (Cohen 1993) (Ranson 2001) (Segal 1990). For this reason the actual existence of the 'new father' in society has been doubted. In-depth interviews conducted in New Zealand with fathers who were in a shared care situation showed that their responsibilities and roles changed after separation and became equalized between both parents. New circumstances, a gender equal attitude and a wish to be a part of the children's lives made the fathers become responsible for nurturing aspects of parenting and day-to-day care. This thesis suggests that study of 'non-traditional' family...
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Personal space and social interaction in public transport: the case of intercity bus traveling
Lexová, Aneta ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Matoušek, Petr (referee)
Bachelor thesis is devoted to the public transport as a space where everyday social interactions take place. This issue is watched on a specific case of intercity bus. The social interaction of bus passengers is seen as dramaturgical proceeding of actors in specific social surroundings. The aim of this work is to describe social interactions and definition of personal space in the intercity bus. The work is theoretically based on the works of Erving Goffman. Findings in the empirical part of the work are based on the qualitative research data. The data were collected using the participant observation method on the passengers of specific intercity bus. The main conclusions of the paper include that interactions in the intercity bus only take place in the exceptional cases or when boarding the bus and only in the form of complimentary question on the vacancy. People, even in such a cramped space which is given by the seating configuration, try to define their personal space. They mostly use their body (they sit on the seat closer to the corridor in the middle of the bus) or items like clothes and luggage which they put on the seat next to them. The work also describes reactions of passengers on the insufficient interaction space. Most people responded with civil inattention accompanied by some involvement....
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On the Relationship Between Metaphor and Technology: a Comparative Study on Nanotechnology
Kotlík, Pavel ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Vincent, Bernadette Bensaude (referee) ; Konrad, Kornelia (referee)
At the turn of the millennium, the most developed countries began to take interest in nanotechnology, that is, technologies defined by their precise nanometer-level functionality, but also by their substantial, realised, or anticipated changes in industry and medicine. At the European policy level, nanotechnology has become part of the pan-national governance principle, accompanied however by low public awareness of the benefits and risks. Nanotechnology engenders gradual, albeit very controversial transformations where actors adopt various communication strategies. The dissertation presents an analysis of the relationship between metaphor and nanotechnology. Neither metaphor nor nanotechnology is a neutral resource to be freely exploited, but both have significant implications for the strategic efforts of actors who use them. The study has the objective of exploring the social representations of nanotechnology in the various local (cultural) contexts of their medialisation and investigating the isomorphism which exists between metaphorical structures and the evolution of nanotechnology controversies. The theoretical part considers the role of metaphors in constructing social representations of nanotechnology and in translating between there and then and here and now. These representations and...
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Gleaning, trash picking, scavenging: Dumpster diving and symbolic boundaries between clean and unclean
Kubatová, Marie ; Čada, Karel (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
The author deals with the phenomenon of dumpster diving. Being focused on those divers who are used to dumpster dive not being pressed to it by their financial situation, she concentrates on their definition of purity and their way of dealing with symbolic boundaries of clean and unclean. After summarising social-environmental and social scientific background of the phenomenon in context of the theoretical frame based on Mary Douglas and her book about purity and danger the author presents a qualitative analysis of participant observation and in- depth interviews with informants who dumpster dive voluntarily. Based on quantitatively and representatively tested public opinion on dumpster diving she points both the colourful composition of dumpster divers' motives and ideological believes and their reflection and norm- based boundaries categorization that is connected to food they are used to eat. In connection with informants' conception of food value the author argues that through inspiring power of the first dumpster diving experience informants' understanding and dealing with those boundaries have changed. Nevertheless, she stresses that despite being convinced their way of consumption is right and thus pure the informants tend to apply and present themselves by pattern of conduct that...
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Current feminist discussions: transgender phenomenon in the context of the writing of Judith Butler
Šaldová, Kateřina ; Vodochodský, Ivan (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
The title of this paper is: Current feminist discussions: transgender phenomenon in the context of the writing of Judith Butler. The author of the paper concentrates on a discussion of selected terms from Butlerian terminology - such as subversion and agency in the context of the lived experience and agency of transgenders. In a broader context, feminist theories are taken into account in respect to these terms as well. Can transgender perspectives be used as a useful and inspirational contribution? Can agency of transgenders challenge feminist thought in any sense? What is the role of Butler's thought in relation to effective feminist action? Having introduced the theoretical framings and critical discussion of important terms of Butler's theory in the first chapter, the author continues in discussing the strategy of subversion in the context of transgenderism in the second chapter. Both discussions are brought together in the third part of the paper, focusing on a qualitative research completed in Prague in 2003. The author concludes that certain challenges and inspirations arise when studying the transgender phenomenon and that the theory of Judith Butler can be used as an effective (feminist) tool. However, there should be a closer cooperation between feminist and transgender community in order to...
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