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Dichotomy of Spoken and Written Language in the Internet Communication
Rybová, Aneta ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Podzimek, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis discusses the topic of spoken and written language forms and their mutual blending, especially in internet communication. The first part defines the terms of spoken and written language based on specialised literature. The focus is on how perception of this dichotomy has changed over time and the different approaches to the matter will be mentioned. Spoken and written language in this thesis are based on dichotomic aspects such as possibility/impossibility of preparation, monologic/dialogic signs, standard/substandard language and private/public tone. The specifics of the language on the Internet will be also shortly summarized. Since the sample analyzed in the second part of this thesis is an internet blog, the conclusion of the theoretical part contains also characteristics of blogs in general. In the introduction of the second part the analyzed sample is presented - that is texts of one internet blog. These texts are analyzed on all language levels. The focus is aimed especially on the signs indicating blending of spoken and written language, more precisely on those means that indicate spoken language in these graphically formed texts. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the specific language means used in discussion forum that is a part of the blog, on background of...
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Analysis of the use of simple past in contrast to the present perfect in contemporary spoken Italian
KAZÍKOVÁ, Dominika
This bachelor thesis focuses on observing the use of "passato prossimo" and "passato remoto" past tenses in contemporary speaking Italian. It is focused on both already mentioned tenses and then also on the comparison with perfect tense. Speech is also introduced in the thesis in necessary extent. Thesis deals with inconsistent use of tenses mentioned above and it shows it is not always used according to grammar rules. It looks into the reason why native speakers tend to use tenses differently, even if they talk about the same historical event or an influential person and if there are any rules or circumstances showing why native speakers tend to use particular tenses. More frequently used tense "passato remoto" differs from theories stated in various textbooks and grammars,which define this past tense as a tense in "decay" used mostly in books or used by inhabitants of southern part of the country. Questionnaire which is applied on native speakers is the reason why this thesis keeps progressing and is the main pillar of this thesis. Research also consists of watching documentaries and interviews, in which both of the tenses occur and subsequently the results are individually analyzed.
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Teaching English of Deaf and Hard-of-hearing University Students
Doležalová, Marie ; Janáková, Daniela (advisor) ; Píšová, Michaela (referee) ; Machová, Pavla (referee)
This dissertation titled Teaching English to Deaf and Hard-of-hearing University Students aims to portray a picture of the situation of teaching English to university students, more specifically of those studying at Charles University in Prague. The work is divided into two main parts. The first part brings general insight, also from linguistic perspective, into language competences and language acquisition by the hearing impaired. It describes variables and possible variables affecting spoken language acquisition by this minority. It gives basic overview of different levels of hearing loss on the grouds of medicine assessment of hearing loss. The dissertiation stresses out the neccessity of educating these students with respect to linguistic research and findings. Moreover, it emphasizes the needs to interweave linguistics and pedagogy and benefits of linguistics research and methods such as error analysis and contrastive analysis for enhancement of language productive skills of hearing impaired students. The second part of the dissertation is devoted to the research of English language teaching to hearing impaired students at Charles University in Prague. The work summarizes the findings of five-year long research carried out at the Language Resource Centre, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in...
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Accuracy and fluency in the speech of the advanced learner of English
Gráf, Tomáš ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Šebesta, Karel (referee) ; Betáková, Lucie (referee)
The thesis analyses the accuracy and fluency exhibited in the spoken advanced-learner English of Czech students of English philology. It draws its data from a learner corpus comprising fifty 15-minute interviews with these learners and from a parallel native-speaker corpus of forty-nine 15-minute interviews. As regards accuracy, the learner data is analysed using techniques of error analysis. Salient features of advanced learner English are identified and the subsequent quantitative analyses reveal that throughout the entire group of students (which is characterized by what revealed itself to be a wide proficiency span) two groups of error types are found to be much more frequent than any other, namely errors in the use of articles and tenses. For the fluency measurements a small selection of variables has been chosen to describe speed fluency (speech rate) and breakdown fluency (the frequency of unfilled and filled pauses), and the results are compared with those for the parallel native-speaker corpus. The analysed native speakers are found to produce speech at a generally much higher rate than the majority of the learners. There does not appear - at least in the light of the given sample - to be any direct correlation between fluency and the frequency of errors. Moreover, the learners are found...
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N-grams in the speech of Czech and native speakers of English
Zvěřinová, Simona ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned with the analysis of recurrent word-combinations in the speech of advanced Czech speakers of English and native speakers of English. The data used for the analysis is extracted from two corpora, learner corpus LINDSEI and native speaker corpus LOCNEC. The aim of the thesis is to compare the two groups of speakers, determine differences in their use of recurrent word-combinations and compare the findings to previous studies involving speakers of different languages. The quantitative analysis is performed on a sample of 50 speakers from each corpus and the frequency data is used to compare the two groups as to the number of types of word-combinations they use and how frequently they do so. The qualitative analysis is performed on a sample of 15 speakers from each corpus to determine functional differences. Four categories of word-combinations are determined in the analysis. In the conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative findings are compared to previous research involving speakers of different languages. Keywords: spoken language, learner language, n-grams, n-gram analysis, recurrent word- combinations, lexical bundles, learner corpus
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"I I erm I thought": Selected performance phenomena of Czech advanced speakers of English in comparison with the native speaker norm
Štěpánová, Tereza ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The present thesis studies two types of performance phenomena, namely filled pauses and repeats. Both naturally occur in spoken discourse and do not hinder communication, their main function is to decrease the effects of online planning pressure. Since a speaker has to plan and produce language at the same time, non-native speakers are expected to experience greater difficulties when speaking a foreign language. The main aim of the present paper is to analyze English native speakers and Czech advanced speakers of English in terms of how their usage of these two phenomena differ. Attention is paid to overall frequencies as well as to their distribution, alternatively variation, and further performance phenomena in their proximity. The analysis comprises 3 non-native and 3 native speakers which were selected from the multilingual learner corpus LINDSEI and the monolingual corpus LOCNEC respectively.
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Stylization of Spoken Language in Literature as a Translation Problem (French - Czech)
Janouškovcová, Radka ; Šotolová, Jovanka (advisor) ; Brunel, Aude (referee)
The present thesis examines the stylization of spoken language in literature from the translation point of view, namely in translation from French into Czech. As a prerequisite for dealing with the use of spoken language in translation, the use of spoken language in contemporary Czech literature is examined. Ten works of contemporary Czech literature are analysed via corpus linguistics methods, using the corpora of written language of the Czech National Corpus, with the view of describing the principal phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic procedures used in Czech literary texts to evoke spoken language. In the second part of the thesis, six works of French literature containing features of spoken language are analysed, together with their translations into Czech. The paper also summarises the main features of spoken Czech and spoken French.
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Use of diminutives in the internet discussions regarding the gender of the speaker
Egedová, Miroslava ; Hrnčířová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Rezková, Iva (referee)
This bachelor thesis compares the use of diminutives among men and women in the computer-mediated communication. It contains a theorethical summary of basic grammatical rules regarding the formation of diminutives, the semantic aspects of their use in an informal language (with emphasis on expressivity) and an overview of the socioliguistic theories within the framework of gender differences. The research section is based on a sociolinguistic study of this particular subject. The aim is to find the most significant differences of the word choices and the frequency of use of diminutives of men and women and possibly a reason for it. Abstract Deze bachelor scriptie vergelijkt het gebruik van verkleinwoorden tussen mannen en vrouwen in informele gesprekken op het internet. Hij bevat een theoretisch gedeelte dat de basisregels inzake grammatica van verkleinwoorden uitlegt. Ook worden er semantische specifieken van het gebruik van verkleinwoorden in informele taal vermeld (wat expressiviteit betreft) naast een overzicht van de sociolinguïstische theorieën in termen van genderverschillen. Voorts is er een praktisch hoofdstuk gewijd aan een sociolinguïstisch onderzoek. Het doel hiervan is om de meest opvallende verschillen tussen de woordkeuze en de frequentie van het gebruik van verkleinwoorden van...
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Building a Specialised Corpus of Banatian Czech with a Linguistic Analysis of Selected Features
Vyskočilová, Karolína ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Dittmann, Robert (referee)
The purpose of this thesis was to build a specialised corpus of Banatian Czech. The theoretical section describes the historical and language situation in the Banat area focusing on its development since the 1990s to the present day. This is followed by a presentation and description of specialised corpora focusing on a corpus of spoken Czech. Building a specialised corpus named BANAT is documented in detail (method of collection, processing and transcription of records, building of corpora and publishing). The analysis of possessive pronouns, negative pronouns and adverbs and enclitics confirms a statistically significant difference between Banatian Czech and the present state of Czech language (in all observed phenomena except enclitics). Keywords Banat, Banatian Czech, Bigr, corpus BANAT, corpus building, Czech language abroad, pronouns, specialised corpora, spoken language
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