|
|
Conception of Science in the Selected Works by Simon Mawer
Miháliková, Veronika ; Topolovská, Tereza (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explore Simon Mawer's approach to science and to compare the roles of science in his novels Mendel's Dwarf and The Girl Who Fell from the Sky. The description of author's life and its influence on his work with emphasis on the scientific aspects is provided and his opinion on the relationship between science and literature given. The difference between fiction with aspects of science and science fiction is explained and other authors who deal with science in their fiction are exemplified. As Mendel's Dwarf employs genetics and eugenics and The Girl Who Fell from the Sky nuclear physics, the brief development of these scientific fields is described.
|
|
| |
|
|
Smokers, Snuffers and Cigarette Smokers: The Representation of the Consumers of Tobacco Products in the Public Sphere between 1864 and 1914
Holíková, Tereza ; Storchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the analysis of the period discourse of tobacco product consumption in the Czech lands between the years 1864 and 1914 with main focus on the unifying and differentiating potential of tobacco. The aim of the thesis is to portray how the tobacco consumer was perceived, whether they were a pipe smoker, cigar smoker, a smoker of cigarettes newly mechanically massproduced in this period or individuals insufflating ground tobacco, usually called snuffers. The thesis deals with the representation of the physical appearance and characteristic attributes of tobacco consumers in period source material. It also tries to depict how the smoking and snuffing by women and children was perceived. This thesis also aims to capture the social distinction that tobbaco consumption was associated with and how it was perceived by individual social groups of the period. The representation of period social space and its segmentation in connection to tobacco consumption is also a part of this research. The thesis also addresses the interconnection of the period eugenics discourse and the tobacco discourse. A wide spectrum of period monographies and periodics dealing with tobacco consumption was analysed as well as selected period illustrations representing tobacco consumption. The source of...
|
|
|
Manifest Destiny and Its Impact on Imperialism of the United States of America at the End of the 19th and Early 20th Century
Voborníková, Pavla ; Koura, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This bachelor thesis Manifest destiny and its influence on American imperialism in the late 19th century and early 20th century, is on the foreign policy of the United States during Progressivism, an era in which the country was going through crucial internal changes. The study focuses on Presidents William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft and Woodrow Wilson. McKinley administration was included in the research since he launched the American-Spanish war and that was the beginning of a greater American involvement abroad. The work does not only analyze an impact of manifest destiny on the foreign policy of that time, it also deals with the internal crisis because it is seen as one reason why American politicians abandoned the policy of isolationism. Another important influence in American imperialism was racism. The Americans considered some nations as children who need to be raised. This issue is included in the study as well. The goal of this work is to answer the question whether manifest destiny had a greater influence on expansion than desire to find new markets for American products. Indeed, many historians believe that the economic reasons led to the colonialism rather than the ideals of spreading democracy in the world. The study also researches the development of Manifest Destiny...
|
|
|
A comparison of legal aspects of eugenics programs in the USA and Nazi Germany
Gregor, Adam ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
Resumé This thesis titled ,,Comparison of legal aspects of eugenics programs of USA and nazi Germany" elaborates an interesting area of legal history, which describes and compares state eugenics policies of the United States in the 1st half of the 20th century and similarly motivated population policy of nazi Germany. The main sources of this legislation are thoughts associated with struggle against genetic degeneration of population gene pool, which takes place because of reproduction of physically and mentally ,,defective", who pass these indispositions on next generations, and, according to laws of heredity, weaken the human race. In the thesis I distinguish original Galtonʻs and Ploetzʻs eugenics and so called racist eugenics, whose motive is protection and purification of specific social group. The thesis is divided into five chapters, which are further divided into sub-chapters and other additional parts. The emphasis is put on the second, the third and the fourth chapter, whereas the first and the fifths are included in the work, because I considered it a good idea to complete the story of eugenics throughout the history till present. The first chapter contains brief narration about presence od eugenics in societies from pre - state structures till the end of the 19th century, when the first eugenics...
|
|
|
Hrdlička Museum of Man during years 1929-1939 as an example of a popularization of scientific knowledge.
Toman, Petr ; Stella, Marco (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Michal (referee)
This work is part of a broader effort to revitalize the Hrdlička Museum of Man and to research it from a historical perspective. Starting from the view that the popularization of science by museums in general is problematic and a viable topic for the social sciences, the work attempts to focus on the way the exhibition at the Hrdlička Museum of Man was constructed by its creators. This topic is analyzed from three main perspectives: 1st the scientific standpoints and personal worldviews of the creators, 2nd relations between the museum and the public, and 3rd relations between the museum and the nation state; also, the influence of the building process itself is taken into account. The intention of the work is to look at the origin of the Hrdlička Museum of Man within its cultural, social and political context rather than focus purely on a historical description. It is an attempt to bring to light all the "unscientific" phenomena that shaped the exhibition's scientific, objective and authoritative message to the public. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
| |
|
|
Historical and contemporary concept of euthanasia and palliative care
Škochová, Tereza ; Brabec, Jan (advisor) ; Sálus, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on topic of euthanasia. It defines a development from antiquity, Middle Ages, modern times until the euthanasia in today's century. It also discusses the basic concepts, issues with the differentiation, legaslation and legalization in Europe as well as in the rest of the world. Next chapters are devoted to the views of the World Medical Association or Czech Medical Chamber. This thesis also does not neglect a viewpoint on euthanasia from various angles of religions and selects the strongest arguments for or against the legalization itself. It also approaches an alternative care options in the form of palliative and hospice care, which are considered as an acceptable response to the same situation. The experimental portion of the thesis brins analyzed results of the survey, whose task was to confirm or refute hypotheses.
|
|
|
Eugenics in the Czech Countries in the First Half of the 20th Century
MEZEROVÁ, Kristýna
The thesis defines Czech eugenics in the 1. half of the 20. of the century. For understanding Czech eugenics, I outlined the development eugenics from its beginnings. The work presents main themes czech eugenics, for example degeneration of the human race, ways for its regeneration, establishment of eugenic marital revision or the importace of medical examinations before marriage. The thesis also presents most famous Czech eugenics. The thesis focuses on the German racial, its main Themis such as sterilization and euthanasia. The thesis compares the Czech eugenics and other similar movements. It is a theoretical work, the research here is applied primarily to the historical method, in particular, the analysis of the literary sources, which are primarily works of Czech, published in the 1. half of the 20. of the century. Also uses the comparative method when comparing the eugenics of the Czech and other similar movements. In the work are used in particular in Czech, but also an literary sources. The work attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. How was the Czech the eugenic movement and who led him? 2. What were the main themes of the Czech eugenic movement? 3. What were the similarities, or of the cooperation of the Czech movement with foreign eugenics associations? She worked on the Czech eugenic movement German racial hygiene? 4. That circumstances contributed to the demise of the Czech eugennic movement?
|
|
|
Right-wing extremism in the context of democracy
ŠLEMENDOVÁ, Barbora
The thesis deals with right-wing extremism in the context of democracy. In the first part, democracy, its development and basic values are characterised. The following part describes extremism and its rudimentary typology, historical roots of right-wing extremism and its strategy. The final part focuses on the fight of democracy against extremism. In this part, possible anti-extremist measures are proposed, including critical reflections on the principles of right-wing extremism. Furthermore, a concept of so-called militant democracy is introduced, along with the analysis of its application in the Czech Republic and its critical reflection.
|
guest ::
