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Effect of climate variation on species germination
Duongová, Thuy Lien ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kladivová, Anna (referee)
Climatic changes have been influencing plants since their colonization of land. Plants always find a way to adapt to these new changes. Also germination of seeds and seedling recruitment have been adapting to climate change. During the last 150 years the current global warming is changing the germinalibity of seeds, the timing of germination, the rate of germination and the seedling recruitment. This bachelor thesis summarizes results of studies on how climate change effects the germination of plants and the seedling recruitment. This work also presents methods used for studying these questions. Studies often focus on germinalibity, the rate of germination and the timing of germination. Some of the species are profiting from these changes and we can observe faster germination and better germinalibity. Reduction of germination occurs in other species and so their fitness is also reduced. The number of studies observing inter-specific variability in germination is greater than studies on intra-specific variability. In my future work I would thus like to focus on the effect of climate change on intra-specific variability in germination. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Long-term population trends of birds in North America and Europe: a metaanalysis of existing studies
Říhová, Jana ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Voříšek, Petr (referee)
Since the beginning of the last century there have been significant changes in the environment, farming and the landscape structure. Because birds are one of the longest- studied groups of organisms and are considered to be good indicators of environmental quality, it is advisable to relate environmental changes to changes in bird abundance. Understanding these relationships enables better and more accurate formulation of conservation plans and priorities, and therefore a large number of studies were dedicated to them. Although these studies achieved great progress in the knowledge of the most important factors that affect bird populations, their findings remained somewhat incomplete and fragmentary due to their limited temporal and/or spatial coverage. Therefore, it was not entirely clear which patterns are general and which are confined to some specific regional conditions. The fill this knowledge gap, I collected all studies on long-term trends in bird abundance in Europe and North America, which I was aware of, and made a meta-analysis of their results. Using linear mixed-effects models, I found a significant decrease in open-habitat species, probably as a result of agricultural intensification and abandonment of agricultural land. This pattern was consistent regardless of region or time period...
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Trends in the development of runoff and surface water quality in the Blšanka River basin
Šmidtová, Jana ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to analyze trends in the development of runoff and selected features of surface water quality in the drainage basin of the Blšanka river. The thesis consists of a research part and a practical part. The research part examines scholarly literature and describes changes in the runoff and water quality depending on climate change as well as changes in the land use. The practical part processes the data from the Blšanka drainage basin from the end of the 1970s until today. The trends evaluated by the Mann-Kendall's test include the development of the average monthly flow rates, the average monthly temperatures from weather station in Žatec and the monthly amount of precipitation from the four stations situated in or near the area of the drainage basin. The practical part outlines the development of selected indicators of water quality in Trnovany. Next, it also evaluates changes in the land use in a specific part of the Blšanka drainage basin between the years 1995, 2004 and 2013. Keywords: changes in runoff, climate change, water quality, land cover, Mann-Kendall, Blšanka TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUNOFF AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN THE BLŠANKA RIVER BASIN
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Long-term changes in the precipitation phase in Europe
Hynčica, Martin ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis is concerned with long-term changes in precipitation phase in Europe since 1961 to 2004. Precipitation phase is described by the ratio of snow to total precipitation (S/P) between November and April. The first part is engaged in changes in precipitation phase in the Czech Republic. The S/P ratio in the Czech Republic is decreasing (not significantly) by 0,19%/year. In the second part are used temperature and precipitation data from 10 Czech meteorological stations to determine the threshold temperature. This threshold temperature is 1,1řC (daily average temperature) and is used as indicator of precipitation phase. If there is a daily temperature higher than the threshold temperature, daily precipitation sum is signed as rain and vica versa. This threshold temperature is afterwards applied to temperature and precipitation data at 148 European stations and there is also found out relation between S/P ratios and indexes of 4 the most important teleconnections in Europe. It is shown that long-term trend of S/P ratio is negative and significant, however regionally different. There is a southwest - northeast gradient and the biggest decline is recorded in the central Europe and adjacent areas of Scandinavian Peninsula, but the decline of S/P ratio is slowing toward northwest Russia....
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Establishment and Development of European Scheme for Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowance Trading
Ševčík, Jakub ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe and subsequently analyze the establishment and the development of the European legal regime for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading. Methodology of the thesis is focused on capturing the processes of establishment and development of the emission trading regime as processes of rather dynamic nature, having their causes and consequences, and so is not only an isolated description of each of their respective stages. The dynamics of development is analyzed within each of the basic elements of the emission trading regime, taking due account of the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU. Given the considerable complexity of the subject concerned, and therefore also the need for integration of the analysis into a certain perspective, a brief explanation of the phenomenon of climate change, including its economic implications, as well as of the international legal framework set up to tackle this issue forms a part of this thesis.
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Plant adaptation to climate change
Koláříková, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Sklenář, Petr (referee)
Climate change represents important selective force for plants. They have to deal with this change otherwise they are facing the risk of extinction. Understanding the mechanism which plants use to avoid the risk is essential for effective conservation of biodiversity. The climate change can exceed the tolerance of plants to abiotic factors. The plants can react to the changes by migration, phenotypic plasticity, evolutionary adaption or by a combination of these strategies. Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaption are manifested by a change of physiology, morphology and/or phenology of plants. This work summarizes the findings of these ecological and evolutionary strategies and also presents methods used for studying species response to climate change. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effect of global climate change on hydrological patterns in headwater catchments
Lamačová, Anna ; Hruška, Jakub (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Kalvová, Jaroslava (referee)
The aims of this theses were (i) to evaluate trends in spring yields in the Czech Republic (period 1971-2007) and trends in runoff from small forested catchments of the GEOMON network during the period 1994-2011, (ii) evaluate the impact of climate change on streamwater chemistry in acid-sensitive catchment (Lysina), and (iii) estimate the impact of anticipated climate change projected according to different CO2 emission scenarios on flow patterns forested (GEOMON) and alpine headwater (Skalnaté Lake) catchments in the periods 2021-2050 and 2071-2100. Significant negative trends on the annual level were observed at 18% of springs while positive trends at only less than 0.5% of 157 tested objects and 4 of 18 regions revealed significant decreasing trend. To these regions belonged the zones of Carpathian Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments in the southeast and northeast of the Czech Republic, the zones of tertiary and Cretaceous basins in the southeast and Proterozoic and Paleozoic crystalline rocks in the central part of the Czech Republic. Most spring yields were decreasing within the summer months June- August (on average 24%) and least between February and April (on average 15%) (Paper I). There were no general patterns found indicating either significant increases or decreases in runoff on either...
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Representation of the problem of climate change in the print media
Trunečková, Daniela ; Novák, Arnošt (advisor) ; Hájek, Roman (referee)
This diploma thesis on Representation of the problem of climate change in the print media is a content analysis of Czech quality daily newspapers, namely Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo. It deals with the way the selected daily newspapers presented debate on global climate change in 2013-2014. The theoretical part informs readers about the basic concepts and definitions and introduces them to the problem. The empirical part answers the question of whether the media coverage of global climate change in Czech quality daily newspapers is consistent with scientific findings of the international climate discourse represented by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or whether it relies equally on opinions of the small group of so called climate skeptics who question the general consensus of the scientific comunity regarding the causes and consequences of climate change or the need of adequate measures. The results of research indicated that most of analyzed articles informed about climate change the same way as the main climatological research. The largest number of skeptical articles appeared in Lidové noviny. A considerable number of articles didn't comment on the causes of climate change, their seriousness or decisions regarding action.
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HAS THE CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL EUROPE BEEN ACCELERATING OR DECELERATING?
Maryško, Kryštof ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Pokorná, Lucie (referee)
6 Abstract The thesis deals with detailed analysis of the climate change rate throughout the European continent with an emphasis on Central Europe in the period 1951-2005. The main aim was to find out whether the rate of climate change is getting lower or higher during the monitored period and identify when the changes in the rate occurred. Changes of three climatic elements - minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature, and precipitation, were described for climatic seasons of the year. Other climatic elements were also available, however, amount of data is insufficient for such a detailed trend analysis for the entire second half of the 20th century. First part of the thesis summarizes current knowledge of changes in climate change rate, which is so far rather scarce. Most scientific articles are limited to detecting warming or cooling, decrease or increase in precipitation during a certain period. They, however, do not research when these changes of climatic elements occurred. For my analysis, which tries to offer a detailed insight into changes in European climate, daily records from European Climate Assessment and Dataset (ECA&D) database of 122 stations (spaced as evenly as possible) were used. For examining variability trends (i.e. the rate of climate change) I tested moving 20-year trend (15-...
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Influence of fish pond management, land use in catchment and climate change on species composition of blue-green algae blooms
Kroupová, Kristýna ; Stuchlík, Evžen (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to explain expansion of cyanobacterial blooms and the change of their species composition in surface standing waters during the last 2-3 decades as a result of fishery management, land use in catchments, and climate change. Cyanobacteria possess a range of unique and highly-adaptable eco-physiological traits, which enable them a mass occurrence and a dominance over the other phytoplankton groups under recent anthropogenic changes (nutrient loading and rising temperatures). Moreover, many species of cyanobacteria produce cyanotoxins, which increase their resistence against zooplankton grazing and cause severe deterioration of the water quality. In consequence of changes in fishery management (a decrease in the use of superphosphate as a fertilizer during the year 1970), the fish stock density increased and the clear water phase disappeared. This is responsible for a change in species composition of cyanobacterial water blooms. Summer blooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were replaced with A. flos-aquae var. klebahnii. The current composition of water blooms in ponds differs considerably from the typical composition in the 1990s. For example, recent expansion of Woronichiniana naegeliana is caused by the higher stock densities and the shift from a two-year cycle of fishery management...
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