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Transformation of neutrality concept in theory and practice of selected European states
Mikušková, Radka ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
Proměny konceptu neutrality v teorii a praxi vybraných evropských států Abstract The thesis explores the emergence of a unique concept of neutrality within each the three neutral European countries: Sweden, Switzerland and Austria. In then examines changes in the policy of neutrality over time within each compared states, with emphasis on the post - Cold War transition from a bipolar to a multipolar world order. It is concluded that the end of the Cold War has had a marked influence on changes in the concept of neutrality within each of the compared states, largely because of the emergence of novel threats which can be now more effectively controlled through international cooperation as opposed to unilateral action by a single nation.
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Processes of Integration in Latin America after the Second World War
Urban, Radek ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
The origins of Latin American regional integration can be found in the first half of nineteenth century, nevertheless the biggest boom of integration in Latin America have been observed during the last sixty years. Just after the World War II the Organization of American States was established followed by Latin American Free Trade Association, and many others. This thesis analyses the progress and its problems of six major processes of regional integration: OAS; LAFTA/LAIA; Andean Community; processes of integration in Central America and Caribbean; and MERCOSUR. The Thesis is complemented by brief introduction to theories of integration and by a summary of remaining processes of integration since WWII to the present.
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Global system of protection of intellectual property: purpose and role of WIPO and WTO
Šmíd, Vojtěch ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pítra, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis is focused on a specific area of intellectual property field, namely the system of protection of Intellectual property whose current form has been shaped by the international organizations, especially by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). There has therefore been allocated extra space in the thesis to make the reader familiar with these respective organizations, especially with their organizational structure, decision-making procedures and activities. Important part of the thesis is analysis of current relations between WIPO and WTO, including its negative aspects. The thesis also contains section devoted to possible future development of the relations between WIPO and WTO.
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Classification of instruments in approved United Nations Security Council resolutions in 1991-2019
Novotná, Barbora ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the debate concerning the rise of authority of International organizations (IOs) since the end of the cold war. This thesis works with the concepts of authority, "pooling" and "delegation" - these concepts describe how member states of IOs transmit their powers and competences to international organizations. This thesis deals with the study of state sovereignty and intrusiveness into state sovereignty as with the rise of globalization the importance of state territory decreases. State and non-state actors more and more with or without the consent of state actors interfere with state sovereignty of others. This work attempts to show this phenomenon on a study of approved United Nations Security Council resolutions between 1992 and 2019. From these resolutions were collected and categorized instruments according to how the Security Council interferes with state sovereignty by which it exercises its authority in the international system. A dataset was created consisting of approximately the third of all approved resolutions in this period (616 resolutions from 1778). In this dataset we can find almost 12 000 instruments categorized in 83 categories on the scale of index i from 0 to 5 according to how these instruments interfere with state sovereignty....
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EU Policy towards autonomous regions with a potential to be independent - Catalonia and Scotland
Havlín, Kryštof ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis aims to analyze the policy of the European Union towards European autonomous regions which have the potential to become independent. It focuses especially on the issue of EU membership for regions that have a tendency to separate from an EU Member State. Two major separatist events took place in the European Union in the last decade. In 2014, Scotland declared a referendum approved by the central government on independence from the UK. In 2017, the independent Republic of Catalonia, that wanted to secede from the Kingdom of Spain on the basis of an illegal referendum, was declared. The passive attitude of the European Union towards the aggravated situation in the territory of its member state led me to address the issue from the perspective of the EU whose representatives consider these developments to be internal affairs of the states. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what the approach of the EU to the mentioned regions is in terms of potential membership in case these regions become independent. At the same time, the bachelor's thesis should clarify why the European Union holds these positions and what their legal framework is. The paper also presents hypothetical scenarios for the accession of potentially independent regions of Catalonia and Scotland to...
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Protection of industrial property to indications and international law
Brunclíková, Lenka ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Žikovská, Petra (referee)
Protection of industrial rights to mark and international law Abstract The topic of this thesis is the Protection of industrial rights to mark and international law. Industrial rights to mark have become a common part of our lives whether it is from the position of a consumer who purchases the goods or services protected by these industrial rights to mark, or from the position of an entrepreneur who introduces products to the market. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the legal regulation, especially the international one, and to give a clear explanation of this dynamically evolving issue. In order to achieve this aim, the thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the gradual development of industrial rights to mark explaining how these rights gained in importance over time and how the first laws establishing their protection were created. The second chapter lists the individual international agreements that regulate industrial rights to mark. Furthermore, the contribution to current practice of every international agreement is explained. The third chapter is devoted to the general characteristics of trademarks and aims to describe the issue of trademarks and their functions. Moreover, it defines the types of trademarks since especially after the effectiveness of the amendment...
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Climate refugees in international law
de Figueiredo Coelho Maciel, Natália ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
Displacements caused by climate-related events have been on the rise throughout the last decades. The effects of climate change in displacement of people is still a field in construction. The people displaced due to the environment were first denominated as "climate refugees" or "environmental refugees". This thesis aims to examine the protection of the so-called "climate refugee" under international law. The main issue of the thesis relies on the fact that there is no general agreement on the refugee status of the "climate refugees". The refugee regime has the 1951 Convention as its cornerstone, and as such, the analysis of the Convention is crucial to comprehend who can be a refugee. The 1951 Convention is not the only legal instrument in the refugee regime. There are other legal documents capable of guaranteeing protection for refugees. This thesis discusses two other relevant legal instruments dealing with refugee protection: the OAU Convention and the Cartagena Declaration. It analyzes the refugee definitions and the main features of these specific documents. The three documents will be used to establish what sort of protection the "climate refugees" are entitled to under international law. The thesis will use two judicial decisions to evaluate the hypothesis of "climate refugee" being...
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International Regimes against Trafficking in Human Beings: European Experience
Prixová, Barbora ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
The target of this research is to reveal causal factors that influence the way policy goals and instruments of international organizations in the domain of human trafficking are designed. By tracking evolutions of anti-trafficking policies undergone by the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the thesis demonstrates impact of specific factors on changes in the functioning of international organizations. To unravel mechanism explaining the internal workings of a policy formation within an IO, the thesis considers and tests theoretical assumptions of three rivalling theories on institutions; the realism, historical institutionalism and neoliberal institutionalism. Premises of respective theories, which offer contrasting perspectives on the functioning of international organizations, will help to formulate corresponding independent variables. The dependant variable being the changing design of institutions, the detailed cross-case analysis spanning a period of one decade uncovers causal relations between independent dependent variables. Thus, by means of time series data collection, patterns revealing which of independent variables can be designed as responsible for observed changes becomes visible. In this way, the study is able to answer to what extent...
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