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Choroby dřevin a mykoflóra arboreta Křtiny, ŠLP Křtiny
Riedelová, Adéla Julija
The thesis focuses on woody plant diseases and mycoflora of the arboretum Křtiny. In the period from November 2013 to October 2015 a research was made there using methods of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, citizens association. Macromycetes and fungi were observed and their presence is provable by languishing and phytopathological changes of woody plants. For each species substrate and woody plant were marked. In total 62 fungi species were determined. 13 species of mycorrhizal fungi were identified. The thesis also describes diseases and damages that might be caused by fungi pathogens. Findings of fungi were compared to the inventory research made between 1981 and 1984. Introduced woody plants were assessed from the point of view of connection of selected fungi species and their susceptibility to pathogens. Significance of the arboretum as a source of knowledge development and protection of forest ecosystems was evaluated.
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Možnosti využití arbuskulární mykorhizy při rozmnožování vybraných odrůd angreštu
Střihavková, Dana
This diploma thesis deals with usage of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the reproduction of selected varieties of gooseberries in plant nursery. The experiment was established in Brno in autumn 2018 and was completed in spring of the following year. In total, 60 plants of the ´Black Negus´, ´Carat´ and ´Rolonda´ varieties were evaluated, with half of the plants being inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus and the other half without mycorrhiza, as control plants. The following parameters were evaluated: extent of root colonization by mycorrhizal structures, content of chlorophyll, relative size of the root system, dry matter in the root system, substrate temperature and substrate humidity, root collar diameter and shoot length. The results show that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus influenced the plant root system in positive way, which was reflected in the increase in root collar diameter. The inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus should also have a positive effect on the growth of the aerial part of the plant, the health and plant resistance to drought and pathogens.
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Možnosti využití erikoidní mykorhizy při rozmnožování vybraných odrůd zahradních borůvek.
Čižimská, Radka
The aim of this thesis was to verify whether it is possible to use mycorrhizal symbiosis in nursery production of selected varieties of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum). In the theoretical part, a literature review on a given topic was elaborated. The methodology of the experiment was elaborated within the practical part. Practical experiments were carried out on experimental plots of the Institute of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants in Brno during 2018. During the growing season, growth indicators, physiological indicators, root system size and the degree of root colonization by mycorrhizal structures were evaluated. The results of my work clearly demonstrate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, especially drought stress. However, it should be noted that it would be useful to devote more time to researching ericoid mycorrhiza and to monitor more indicators to help us understand it better.
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Vliv mykorhizních hub na morfologické a růstové parametry zeleniny
Heinrich, Michal
The task of the experiment was to confirm or reverse the positive and negative effects of mycorrhizal fungus on morphological changes in selected vegetable representatives. Its main part consisted of verification of these influences in the plant of concrete representatives, and other secondary experiments followed. Representatives for this task were Paprika Annual (Capsicum annuum) and Tomato Plant (Lycopersicon lycopersicum). The bulk of the verification took place at the Faculty of Horticulture at Mendel University in Brno. It has been found that the application of mycorrhizal fungus can influence certain quantitative parameters of selected vegetable representatives.
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Change of structure and function of a fungal comunnities in the soil environment after the end of the flowassimilates with Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Mrnka, Libor (referee)
The decomposition of plant biomass is associated with changes of the associated fungal community which is crucial in the process of degradation due to their production of extracellular enzymes. Moreover, fungal communities as well as enzymatic activity are specific for soil microhabitats. This thesis focused on the importance of fungi associated with the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees. Forest with dominating Norway spruce, located in the School Forest Enterprise Křtiny area in Moravia, was selected for the experiment. The aim of this thesis was to compare the community composition of fungi in the roots, rhizosphere and bulk soil and to describe the gradual development of this community after the death of the roots. The next aim was to isolate, describe and characterize those fungi that decomposed roots 5 and 9 months after tree harvest. Identification of fungal isolates was based on DNA sequencing. Degradation capabilities were determined as the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose. Composition of fungal communities was described by sequencing of environmental DNA on the Illumina platform. Before the flow of assimilates from the live trees stopped, communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated with 60 % of all sequences. Increased abundance of saprotrophic...
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Physiological mechanisms of sorghum adaptation to abiotic stresses
Kratochvíl, Jan ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Sorghum is a traditional crop, which has been grown especially in the countries of Africa and Asia. It is used as a food, fodder, source of fiber and energy. Because of its tolerance to various abiotic stresses, especially drought, sorghum is often called "the camel of crops", and there are a lot of studies trying to clarify the basis of this tolerance. Nowadays, suitable sorghum genotypes are considered as an alternative in other parts of the world (North and Middle America, Europe) or to widen the planting areas. The first part of this thesis summarizes results of current studies aimed on sorghum physiological responses to drought, high salinity, extreme temperatures, aluminium toxicity and the combination of these stresses. The second part explains the ways how to alleviate effect of stresses on the plant. It includes the application of various compounds and genetic modifications. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The role of trehalose in mycorrhizal associations
Šoch, Jan ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a widely spread phenomenon in nature. A translocation of nutrients occurs between symbionts with disaccharide trehalose playing a key role in the process. However, this saccharide fulfils many important roles in metabolism of fungi and plants. Fungi use trehalose mainly as storage and transport saccharide. On the other hand, trehalose occurs in extremely low amounts in plants where it acts as a signal molecule. Thus it is likely that the saccharide could be used by the fungus to manipulate plant metabolism on a physical interface between symbionts. Trehalose has a similar function in many parasitic interactions. In most cases of mycorrhizal associations trehalose synthesis creates a carbon sink in mycelium which leads to saccharide transfer from the host plant to the fungus. Completely different situation occurs in the types of mycorrhizal symbiosis, where saccharides are translocated from a fungus to a plant. Some plants can utilize trehalose effectively as a sole source of energy. Consequently, the question raises - could such plants gain fungal trehalose on purpose as a source of energy and carbon? This review aims to assess and discuss the mentioned possibilities considering available literature. Key words: mycorrhiza, orchids, parazitism, saccharides, sink, symbiosis,...
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Mycorrhisa in fossil record
Kadlecová, Veronika ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is present in the vast majority of extant land plants. Mycorrhizae represent a significant source of nutrients for both partners of the symbiosis and can also provide them with protection or help them survive in less hospitable enviroment. Mycorrhizae is believed to have been just as important in the past and played a major role in evolution of plants, for example in the transition of plants onto land. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is an object of many research works today for its agricultural importance. There is an amount of publications on research of fossil mycorrhizae, but there is still little interest in this issue. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The effect of mycorrhizal nad saprotrophic fungi on yield properties and nitrogen uptake of tomato and leek plants
Kudláčková, Marta ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Baláž, Milan (referee)
Currently looking for alternative approaches to crop production which would be in accord with sustainable development. The present thesis was aimed on testing of organic cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and leek (Allium porrum L.) by using amendment with organic maize biomass (Zea mays L.), mycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophic fungi. The effects of different combinations of microbial inoculations on nitrogen uptake, plant growth and yield were investigated in greenhouse conditions. Supplied 15 N-labelled organic matter was separated from the root system by a nylon mesh which permitted only fungal hyphae to pass through but not plant roots. In the first year experiments the treatments differed in the presence or absence of three factors: organic matter, saprotrophic fungus Agrocybe sp. and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicolaj & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe. Plant inoculation with Agrocybe sp. alone or together with G. mosseae increased plant growth of tomato in the presence of organic matter. Tomato yield were not increased significantly. Shoot dry weight of leek increased when plants were treated with mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae and organic matter. Microbial inoculation did not influence nitrogen (15 N) uptake from the organic source. In following experiments, all treatments contained...
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The effect of mycorrhiza on production of plant secondary metabolites
Pikorová, Markéta ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Rydlová, Jana (referee)
Mycorhizal symbiosis, mutualistic relationship between symbiotic fungus and plant roots, is ranked among important interspecies interactions. It is indicated that about 90% terrestrial vascular plants live in this symbiosis. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is the most often occurring type of mycorrhiza and simultaneously the most often occurring type of symbiosis of higher plants. Approximately 80% of all of plant species form this symbiosis. By symbiotic coexistence with fungus plant often gains benefits as for example higher tolerance against stress factors, resistance against pathogens or improvement of nutrient uptake. In recent years in series of works is detected that mycorrhiza positively influences production of plant secondary metabolites. This influence can display quantitativelyby increase of metabolite in plant and also qualitatively by change spectrum of substances produced. These substances can have importance in different spheres for human. Medicinal research regularly extends spectum of substances with bioactive effect which have origin just in the plant secondary metabolism. Target of this thesis is, by the form of literary retrieval, to create an overview of recent state of research regarding of influence of mycorhizal symbiosis on content of secondary metabolites in plants, especially...
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