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Reduction of NOx contained in flue gas
Janík, Prokop ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Jedlička, Filip (advisor)
Research in the field of NOX abatement has grown significantly in the past two decades. The general trend has been to develop new catalysts with complex materials in order to meet the stringent environmental regulations. The master’s thesis deals with the cleaning flue gases through a filter element which is from porous ceramics. There is catalyst implemented for NOx reduction throug the method of selective catalytic reduction in the filter element. There is also description of experimental unit for flue gas cleaning. Part of the thesis is creation of prediction model which allows to predict efficiency reduction in the filtration device operating conditions with some accuracy.
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Treatment of flue gas polluted by NOx
Hanák, Libor ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
There is an overview of secondary methods for NOX removal from stationary sources in the first part of master’s thesis. There are well known methods as SCR o SNCR, but also new and experimental ones. An accent is putting on catalytic filtration, especially on cloth filter, which will be used for experiments. An important part of master’s thesis is a project of new experimental unit for experiments with cloth and ceramic catalytic filters as well as with a bit of cloth filtration material. Unit has compact proportions, high-class measurement and control and wide application spectra. Other advantages of this equipment are fast and easy cleaning and installation. This unit, called INTEQ II, can be used in plants or in laboratories. There is prediction model created together with new technology. It enables calculation of efficiency at catalytic filters with variable conditions without many experiments. This model is elaborate and will be finished with dates from measuring. There in only summary of planned experiments in this thesis, because measurements at new unit have not done yet. Experiences with operations at unit INTEQ I were used for proposal of new equipment and for experiments planning.
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Environmental aspects of steam-gas power station Červený Mlýn
Šilar, Martin ; Kulichová, Lucie (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with the environmental aspects of combined heat and power station Červený Mlýn (Red Mill). The introductory part of the thesis focuses on the current production technology and the electricity balance of the power station. The heat and power station (also called combined cycle heat and power plant) is scrutinized in terms of emissions sources, focusing on pollutant emissions to air in the following chapter. In this part of the thesis the quantities of the released emissions, namely solid particulate matter (TZL), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2) are also calculated. The calculation is worked out according to the valid Czech legislation. Further on, the current production technology of the power station is compared with the best available technologies according to the valid directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning integrated pollution prevention and control. The last chapter presents the innovative technologies which could possibly be installed to reduce pollution emissions (especially nitrogen oxides - NOx) to air at the heat and power station Červený Mlýn.
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Influence of traffic volume and meteorological conditions on the air pollution
Vojtěchová, Ivana ; Kotlík, Josef (referee) ; Adamec,, Vladimír (advisor)
Transport, whose intensity year by year increase, has assuredly influence on air quality. This issue solution will be focused especially on localities burden with transport in urban areas. The contribution of transport to increased values of air pollution will be evaluated with regards to meteorological conditions. Background stations from Czech Hydrometeorological Institute categorization will be chosen such as comparative sites. Pollutants emitted from traffic such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide will be observed except meteorological conditions.
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Technology of Selective Catalytic Reduction
Kudlík, Michael ; Janoušek, Michal (referee) ; Dundálek, Radim (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on technology of selective catalytic reduction. The technology was created as a result of introduction of strict emission limits which manufacturers with this technology reach. First part of this thesis deal with the composition of the exhaust gases, where are dismembered the various elements, and then are given here the European emission limits.Then is thesis focused on ways of reducing emissions of diesel engines which describes the function of exhaust gas recirculation and a function of selective catalytic reduction. Then are described development systems selective catalytic reduction. The conclusion consists of the use and application of Automobile Manufacturers.
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Current trends of reduction NOx in the context with the prepared legislation
Růžička, Pavel ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with processes of generating and methods of abating nitrogen oxides contained in flue gases in the context of Czech and European legistation. It compares the new enviromental act with its predecessor and scetches the pull of the new emission limits on stationary sources of air pollution. With particular focus on NO and NO2, the summary of NOx compounds hands a brief review of every individual one, which amongst other matters includes their impact on public and enviromental health. In the next part the paper aims at primary and secondary measures of NOx reduction together with factors influencing their utilization. Last chapter inquires into methods of selective catalytic and non-catalytic reduction and means of thier engagement in industry.
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Methods for suppressing NOx formation
Pořízek, Vít ; Hájek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor thesis are emissions of nitrogen oxides. The work deals with the suppressing their formation and with the possibilities of their elimination directly from the flue gas. The first part of the work analyses NOx emission limits for all stationary sources of pollution as well as the current effective legislation regarding emission limits of both European Union and the Czech Republic. Further part focused on nitrogen oxides themselves, their characteristics, impact on environment and last but not least on their formation mechanisms. Finally NOx reduction techniques are analysed and described, both primary and secondary.
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NOx production and elimination
Boška, Michal ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Chlápek, Petr (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis deal with production and elimination emission of nitrogen oxides their influence for animated and inanimate nature and their characteristic. Main part of thesis is theoretic analysis of creation mechanisms in combustion suits and description most widely used method of elimination nitrogen oxides. Part of thesis deal with problems concerning of nitrogen oxides at legislation at Czech Republic.
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A comparison of the development of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in different regions of the Czech Republic
SUCHÁ, Jitka
This thesis engages a comparison of the development of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in different regions of the Czech Republic. The work explains the formation of atmospheric deposition and related terms such as the source of pollution, emissions, air pollution and nitrogen oxides. There are stated types of atmospheric deposition, sampling procedure and the process of determining the size of atmospheric deposition. This work describes the methods that were used in the calculations and evaluations. It also deals with the selection of suitable measuring stations for processing the development of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The atmospheric deposition of phosphorus were not measured in the territory of the Czech Republic in the period from 2000 to 2010. The aim of this work is to find trends in time series of concentrations of NOx and statistical evaluation of the development of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. For these chapters were selected concentration of nitrogen oxides in the regional towns of the Czech Republic. In the chapter of spatial analyzes of the concentration of nitrogen oxides is selected Ústecký kraj, mainly due to the fact that this area is characterized by significantly high atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and total air pollution. A therm the Black Triangle is often used for this location.
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Modeling of Transformation of Coal-N to Nitrogen Oxides in Fluidized Bed Combustion
Svoboda, Karel ; Pohořelý, Michael
The report contains an overview of transformation phenomena and reactions for coal nitrogen leading to nitrogen oxides emissions. Initial nitrogen in volatile matter from coals is considered in three forms: NH3, HCN and N2. The precursors (NH3 and HCN) are oxidized primarily to NO and N2O and further they react with carbon, CO and NH3. The nitrogen from coal-char is directly oxidized to NO ane N2O,which can be reduced by carbon and CO. An attempt has been made to quantitatively characterize effect of coal properties and combustion conditions on nitrogen oxides emissions.
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