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Objectification of muscle tension by myotonometer when using kinesiotape
Fleišmanová, Kristýna ; Šifta, Petr (advisor) ; Malá, Jitka (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA TĚLESNÉ VÝCHOVY A SPORTU Objektivizace svalového napětí při použití kinesiotapingu pomocí myotonometru Diplomová práce Vedoucí diplomové práce: Vypracovala: PhDr. Petr Šifta, PhD. Bc. Kristýna Fleišmanová Praha, duben 2012 2 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci zpracovala samostatně a že jsem uvedla všechny použité informační zdroje a literaturu. Tato práce ani její podstatná část nebyla předložena k získání jiného nebo stejného akademického titulu. V Praze, dne …………………… …..…………………… Bc. Kristýna Fleišmanová 3 EVIDENČNÍ LIST KNIHOVNY Souhlasím se zapůjčením své diplomové práce ke studijním účelům. Uživatel svým podpisem stvrzuje, že tuto diplomovou práci použil ke studiu a prohlašuje, že ji uvede mezi použitými prameny. Jméno a příjmení: Fakulta / katedra: Datum vypůjčení: Podpis: 4 Děkuji PhDr. Petru Šiftovi, PhD. za cenné rady, připomínky a podněty, které mi pomohly orientovat se v dané problematice, a tak ulehčily a zkvalitnily zpracování této diplomové práce. 5 ABSTRAKT Název: Objektivizace svalového napětí při použití kinesiotapingu pomocí myotonometru Cíle práce: Cílem této diplomové práce je shrnout teoretické poznatky týkající se dané problematiky a vypracovat pilotní studii zaměřenou na ověření facilitační a inhibiční funkce v kinesiotapingu. Experiment má na...
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Study of neurosteroid effect on the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor.
Krausová, Barbora ; Vyklický, Ladislav (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee)
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are glutamatergic ionotropic receptors involved in excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. They are heteromeric complexes of GluN1 combined with GluN2A-D and/or GluN3A-B subunits that are activated by glutamate and glycine. Many allosteric modulators can influence the activity of these receptors including neurosteroids. Pregnanolone sulfáte (3α5βS) is an endogenous neurosteroid that inhibits NMDA receptors in a use-dependent manner and has neuroprotective effect. Binding site for 3α5βS on the NMDA receptor molecule is still not indentified. The aim of my work was to contribute to the identification of the biding site by kinetic analysis of rate of response return from 3α5βS inhibition. Using the point mutation we also attempted to identify the amino acids residues that could be involved in the neurosteroid binding. In order to study the effect of 3α5βS on NMDA receptors the electropfysiological recordings on human embryonic kidney 293T cells expressing recombinant GluN1/GluN2B receptors was performed. We confirm that the effect of 3α5βS on GluN1/GluN2B receptors is voltage-independent. The results of my work indicate that steroids can reach the binding site on the NMDA receptors through the membrane rather than directly from the aqueous...
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Receptors of NK cells
Hernychová, Lucie ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Pavlů, Barbora (referee)
NK cells play an important role as a part of the innate immune system, they however share many common features with cells of the adaptive immune system and they can modulate their functions as well. NK cells recognize non-self molecules (induced by viral infection or tumor transformation) through a wide variety of receptors on the cell surface. They also express receptors specific for their own structures, MHC glycoproteins. NK cells distinguish infected or transformed cells according to the quantity of these molecules on the target cell surface. Then NK cells allow apoptotic signals to cause cell death or the tolerance is established. They also promote inflammatory responses by the production of cytokines and chemokines. NK receptors can be grouped into activating, inhibitory, adhesion, cytokine, and chemokine receptors depending on their function. Based on interactions with appropriate ligands, NK cells exert cytotoxicity or they are inhibited. Moreover, their functions are influenced by the cytokine microenvironment. NK receptors can be also divided into C-type lectin and immunoglobulin superfamilies according to the structure. Ly49, NKG2/CD94 and NKR-P1 are receptor families that belong to the C-type lectin glycoproteins. These molecules have a type II transmembrane protein orientation and they...
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Inhibition of Thymidine Phosphorylase
Zákoucká, Eva ; Brynda, Jiří (advisor) ; Obšil, Tomáš (referee)
2. Abstract Thymidine phosphorylase (TPase), also known as gliostatin or Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), is an enzyme with an important role in the nucleoside metabolism and is also involved in degradation and recycling of DNA. TPase catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleosides to 2-deoxy-D-ribose-1- phosphate and their respective bases, as well as the transfer of the deoxyribosyl moiety from one pyrimidine base to another. Thymidine phosphorylase is a therapeutic target of great importance because of its participation in angiogenesis especially in solid tumors of various tissues. Therefore, TPase stimulates tumor growth and progression, as well as metastasis. In addition to this, TPase inhibits apoptosis, particularly of tumor cells and causes degradation of several antiviral and anticancer drugs. Apart from the carcinoma tissues, thymidine phosphorylase is overexpressed in various other tissues affected by disorders characterized by proliferation of blood vessels including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. Inhibiting the activity of TPase selectively in the tissues affected by the diseases listed above would be of great therapeutic significance. Therefore, many inhibitors, mainly substrate analogues, have been designed based on the...
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Analysis of Thick Film Amperometrical Sensors Signal and Its Usage for Measurement and Characterization of Enzymes
Ondruch, Vít ; Kizek, René (referee) ; Masojídek,, Jiří (referee) ; Vrba, Radimír (advisor)
V práci je popsán princip synchronní detekce (SD), který byl uplatněn při měření s biosenzory. Metoda SD umožňuje dosažení výrazně lepšího poměru signálu k šumu, vyššího limitu detekce a celkové zlepšení robustnosti měření. Uplatnění SD při měření s biosenzory umožní zlepšit analýzu jeho odezvy a umožní odstranění nežádoucích interferencí nebo šumů, které mohou být způsobeny například mícháním roztoku, elektromagnetickými vlivy nebo parazitními proudy. SD také umožňuje rozložit získaný signál na odezvu stimulace a na dlouhodobý signál jiného procesu, a dále také identifikovat jevy druhého řádu. Pro identifikaci stimulačního signálu ve výstupním signálu měření byl na základě lineárního statistického modelu vyvinut specializovaný software. SD byla ověřena na modelovém případu výstupního signálu biosenzoru s aplikovaným komplexem fotosystému II (PSII) a jeho odezvě na stimulaci světlem. Odezva PSII se řídí kinetikou prvního řádu a může být také ovlivněna inhibitory. Kinetické konstanty vazby herbicidu na PSII závisí lineárně na koncentraci herbicidu. To umožňuje jejich měření také při nízkých koncentracích herbicidu.
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Inhibition of Hazardous Compounds in Alumino-Silicate Systems
Koplík, Jan ; Škvára, František (referee) ; Rovnaníková, Pavla (referee) ; Havlica, Jaromír (advisor)
The ability of alumino-silicate systems to immobilize hazardous compounds has been investigated since 1990s. The aim of this work is to develope alumino-silicate system (matrix) based on industrial waste products with ability to immobilize hazardous compounds (heavy metals). This ability of the matrix was confirmed by leaching tests based on the law 294/2005 Sb. Concentration of heavy metals in leachates was determined by ICP-MS method. Alumino-silicate system prepared in this work consists of high-temperature fly ash and blast furnace slag activated by mixture of alkaline activators (hydroxide and water glass). Matrixes were characterized by suitable analytic methods (XRD, SEM, FT-IR, DTA-TGA-EGA). The same analytic methods were used to describe the mechanism of immobilization of selected elements (Ba, Cu, Pb) in prepared systems.
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Heterotrophic succession of dung insect communities of the warmer part of European temperate region
SLÁDEČEK, František
The mechanisms of dung inhabiting insects' heterotrophic succession were studied by preventing the colonisation of early successional insect. The early successional insect, predominantly the large larvae of Calyptratae Diptera, both facilitated and inhibited the later establishing insect. Whereas the removal of early successional species affected negatively the late successional Coleoptera (facilitation), the small late successional larvae of Acalyptratae Diptera were affected positively (inhibition). The patterns retrieved from the heterotrophic succession strongly resemble the patterns retrieved from the autotrophic, mostly plant, succession Therefore it is possible to suggest, that similar mechanisms are behind both the autotrophic and the heterotrophic succession.
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