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Nerovnost v Chile: ekonomické, politické a sociální dopady
Seifertová, Zuzana ; Gutiérrez Chvalkovská, Jana (advisor) ; Hidalgo Redondo, Oscar (referee)
Chile is one the most developed countries in Latin America with stable market-oriented economy and sustainable economic growth, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD. Nevertheless, it is also the country with the highest inequality of income in the OECD and one of the most unequal countries in the world. The biggest challenge for the next decade seems to be the reduction of inequalities and poverty. To achieve these goals, Chile needs to implement better policy in the area of production, innovations, finances, but also health and education. The thesis examines the development of inequality in Chile, its current situation and the impacts of inequality on the society, focusing on the problematic areas such as education and health. Additionally, it presents possible solutions and recommendations for Chile to reduce the high level of inequalities, including the external help. The main resources used for the analysis are the information published by the World Bank, OECD or European Commission and complemented with statistics and reports of Chilean government.
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Do EU Countries Benefit from a Greater Ratio of Women in Politics?
Jumrová, Barbora ; Doležal, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ševčíková, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor thesis addresses the problem of gender inequality through the analysis of the relationship between the participation of women in politics of European Union countries and the economic and social welfare of the selected countries. The theoretical part introduces and explains the broad issue of gender and discusses the question of implementation of compulsory gender quotas. The practical part presents the selected countries and analyzes given economic and social indicators from the year 2012. The aim of this thesis is to obtain necessary data in order to assess the correlation between the studied quantities. This thesis hasn't discovered a significant positive correlation and evaluates the implementation of compulsory gender quotas as unsubstantiated for EU countries from the economic and social aspect.
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Wage differentials Men and Women in the Czech Republic (Respectively in other EU Countries)
Pippalová, Veronika ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bína, Vladislav (referee)
Master thesis is the assessment of the income situation of men and women in the Czech Republic or other European Union countries, according to various socio-economic, demographic and regional factors. Income of persons is influenced by many factors. There are some of them analysed in distribution according to gender, with a focus to find differences and compliance. The effort to detect influential factors on total income is a part of this thesis. The theoretical and methodological section describes the current situation of this issue not only in the Czech Republic, together with a reflection on the causes of differences in income and the precaution taken mainly in the Czech Republic. In the practical part there are tested two hypotheses related with income disparities and gender (sex). Central values of incomes were processed broken down by gender and selected factors. Also absolute and relative frequencies in data were analysed and were created two models which examine the dependence of income on selected factors. Incomes in selected countries were compared as supplement. Results are achieved by statistical methods. Output of this work is to assess the income gap between men and women based on available data and to verify hypotheses.
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Small country turning left: Ecuador's economic development before and after 2007 in the context of current political change in South America.
Bartus, Roberto ; Žamberský, Pavel (advisor) ; Taušer, Josef (referee)
Leftist governments are not very popular in media. However, South America seems to have ignored the critics and has elected several left wing governments in the recent years. This is also the case of Ecuador, a relatively small country, which has gone through interesting political and economic reforms since 2007. This thesis will try to evaluate the economic performance of Ecuador after this change happened, within the context of the general regime change to leftist or anti-neoliberal policies in the rest of the South American continent. The performance will be first compared between the countries according to their government's ideology through an econometric analysis of a group of economic, socio-economic and perceptual variables. After that, a more detailed analysis will be performed on Ecuador's indicators. Interestingly, results show an overall improvement of economic and socio-economic conditions in the countries under the leftist rule, which relies on a strong civic support, compared to the countries still following the neoliberal policies. The case study of Ecuador pretends to provide an example. of a successful performance since the country turned left in 2007.While this area is rarely analyzed, this thesis contributes some knowledge to the field about effectiveness of the current political economy in Latin America Moreover, it contributes to undermine critics often widespread in the media in cooperation with certain states and organizations for keeping the current unequal distribution of power and wealth intact.
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Bolivia: Capitalism, Socialism, and Feudalism Balancing between Cuba and the USA
Smetáček, Martin ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
The work is dealing with the research of the socio-economic structures in the Bolivian society, which as a result of historical evolution embody distinct anomalies with an implication into the political sphere. The goal of the work is to offer a material on the basis of which it will be possible to detect and understand those inner tensions and to orientate ourselves in the present turbulent environment which the Bolivian society is currently undergoing. The fore theme is the approach of these processes in the light of the ongoing "indigenous revolution" conducted by the platform MAS led by Evo Morales. The author is using a synthetic method, when first he concentrates on the individual problematic fields and later summarizes, connects and synthetically implies concrete conclusions. The very results of the work can be used by those interested in the study of Bolivia for economical, sociological and political purposes or even by economic entities planning an entrance into the Bolivian environment. In the work the author has used his personal experience and pieces of knowledge gained during his three months staying in Bolivia as well as other information obtained from broad currently accessible scientific publications, documents ant further up-to-date resources.
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Vede (příjmová) nerovnost k většímu násilí ve společnosti?
Mlčoch, Tomáš ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
The article investigates the impact of inequality on violence in society using the data from the EU for the years from 2005 to 2008. The results show a positive and significant impact (in 2005) of inequality on violent crime while increase by one point in the Gini index means an increase in violent crime by 6,1%. Moreover, I find the relationship with the GDP growth and prison population significant, and negative correlation with GNI PPP per capita and the number of police officers. Above all, the Power Distance Index (measuring perceived inequality and centralisation of power) has a very significant and positive effect on violent crime, an increase in 1 point means an increase in violent crime by 1,8%. The factor of residential segregation is also discussed as a limit or a bias during the investigation of the effect of inequality and violence using the data from a smaller territorial unit than the state-level.
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Inequalities in problems MO (1951 - 1975 )
CHVÁL, Jan
The diploma thesis concerns the elaboration of excercises of inequality which were placed in mathematics olympics in 1951-1975, the clasification of inequality in agreement with the method of solution and showing other ways of solution. The thesis should serve as an addiltiolal study material for students interesed in mathematics.
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