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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the summer and autumn aspect in the "Zbudovska Blata" region
FIŠROVÁ, Nikola
The work deals with pollen analysis which was focused on botanical origin of pollen loads where the samples were taken in the area of Zbudkovské morasses in the surroundings of village Hlatavce, district of České Budějovice. The goal of this work was to evaluate individual plant species in the food of honey bee and its flight range from the beehive, supposed to be cca 2km. The samples were taken in 2017, summer and autmn period with a facility called pollen traps. The analysis was based on the classification of pollen loads according to individual colors. The structure of the pollen grain was analysed under a microscope (exina and apertures) and indentified according to database. Microscopic formulation was prepared by deluting pollen loads in glycerin and water. The work was supplementid by photos. Totally there were found 24 kinds of pollen grains in the specific period, the greatest part of pollen loads consisted of 38,22% trifolium types.
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Primary Succession - study methods and pollen analysis opportunities
Suk, Pavel ; Abraham, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Prach, Jindřich (referee)
This thesis focuses on the main study methods of primary succession. It compares their advantages and disadvantages, the scales of usage and the outputs they bring. Due to the duration of a succession development (in hundreds of years), indirect approach - space-for- time substitution using chronosequences (sites that differ only in age and make up succession series) is often used instead of direct study methods. Breach of the the critical assumption that all sites follow the same trajectory may lead to false conclusions about the successional development. This thesis presents examples showing this problem, ways to prevent it and offers an alternative method - pollen analysis. Pollen analysis is on average used for larger spatial and temporal scales but partially overlaps scales of space-for-time substitution. The thesis presents biases of pollen analysis and ways how to solve/limit them and introduces abandoned, partially flooded quarries as a suitable environment for the use of this method to study succession inferred from rapidly growing limnic sediment.
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Changes in vegetation of Karpaty since glacial maximum - identificaition of main trends accesibility of data and gap in knowledge
Beranová, Jana ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Jamrichová, Eva (referee)
The Carpathian Mountains are great range in Europe. This rewiew is target to identify main evolution trends of vegetation i Carptahian Mountatins. I studied materials whitch was concetrate to pollen analysis and malacological finds. Based on this materials I found that in the stadial dryas periods there were climatic conditions for small forrest islands mainly formed from genus Pinus and Larix. In the interstadial periods the different climatic conditions permit forrest propagation and became denser. Transitions from pleistocen to holocen was nearly similar to the situation in interstadial period. But later in the holocene the density of the forest is growing more and dominant of late glacial forest was replaced mainly by the spurce. Population of plants that survive the glacial in the Carpathian mountain growing as same as and new species that survived glacial in warmer localities. In the subatlantic and especially in the few last decade the human efect is important and can be found in the pollen analysis. On the research of plant evolution in Carpathian mountain is necessary to continue, mainly on identification and analysis new localities. This large area is unequaly covered by localities.
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Long-term dynamics of Ledum palustre - testing the distribution model with paleoecological data
Radoměřský, Tomáš ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Petřík, Petr (referee)
On the territory of the Czech Switzerland National Park took place during the Holocene significant changes in vegetation cover to the form is most enrolled medium Holocene climatic optimum when broadleaf deciduous forests expanded into Central Europe. These transformations are caused by climatic changes. However, it started the process of soil acidification to this day that caused the other variations of the vegetation composition, even the extinction a variety of species especially in sandstone areas. In addition, in the last few centuries the human impact is graduating, which more or less of the original forests changes due to agricultural and economic reasons to breed-specific and the same-aged plantations which supports the already declining species diversity and relative abundance of the undergrowth species. This work focuses on a single species, evergreen undergrowth shrub Ledum palustre which is characterized by strong demands on its habitat and indicates the specific habitat type. It grows on the upper north-facing edges of rocks with plenty of light and humidity. At these locations stores organic material thanks the favourable hydrology. This makes possible to study the use of pollen and macroremains the paleoecology of the species. On the basis of recent occurrences and the relationships...
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Palynological synthesis for the Czech Republic
Abraham, Vojtěch
The aim is to gather pollen sequences and derive from them synthetic information on past species distribution and Holocene vegetation history. Lonicera nigra was selected as a model taxa. The phylogeographic hypothesis that its Alpine and Carpathian populations survived the LGM in separate refugia is supported only by the Late-Glacial record. This shrub migrated rapidly from southern to central Europe during the warm oscilations of the Late Glacial. The synthesis of vegetation history was produced by applying the REVEALS model, which can filter out following factors influencing the relationship between pollen and vegetation: pollen taphonomy, pollen productivity and pollen dispersal. It was necessary to calculate and test those parameters, so the goals were partly methodical. Pollen productivity estimates are calculated within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen, which is influenced by vegetation structure. Subsequent validation of those values in the area of the REVEALS model 10000 km2 and selection of additional values for lacking taxa created the best set of parameters for the study area. The source fossil dataset for purposes of this synthesis is the newly developed Czech Quaternary Pollen database (PALYCZ). Non-direct multivariate analysis of pollen percentages including all taxa revealed a similarity...
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Palynological synthesis for the Czech Republic
Abraham, Vojtěch ; Pokorný, Petr (advisor) ; Chytrý, Milan (referee) ; Sugita, Shinya (referee)
The aim is to gather pollen sequences and derive from them synthetic information on past species distribution and Holocene vegetation history. Lonicera nigra was selected as a model taxa. The phylogeographic hypothesis that its Alpine and Carpathian populations survived the LGM in separate refugia is supported only by the Late-Glacial record. This shrub migrated rapidly from southern to central Europe during the warm oscilations of the Late Glacial. The synthesis of vegetation history was produced by applying the REVEALS model, which can filter out following factors influencing the relationship between pollen and vegetation: pollen taphonomy, pollen productivity and pollen dispersal. It was necessary to calculate and test those parameters, so the goals were partly methodical. Pollen productivity estimates are calculated within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen, which is influenced by vegetation structure. Subsequent validation of those values in the area of the REVEALS model 10000 km2 and selection of additional values for lacking taxa created the best set of parameters for the study area. The source fossil dataset for purposes of this synthesis is the newly developed Czech Quaternary Pollen database (PALYCZ). Non-direct multivariate analysis of pollen percentages including all taxa revealed a similarity...
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Changes in vegetation of Karpaty since glacial maximum - identificaition of main trends accesibility of data and gap in knowledge
Beranová, Jana ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Jamrichová, Eva (referee)
The Carpathian Mountains are great range in Europe. This rewiew is target to identify main evolution trends of vegetation i Carpathian Mountaitns. I studied materials whitch was concetrate to pollen analysis and malacological finds. Based on this materials I found that in the stadial dryas periods there were climatic conditions for small forrest islands mainly formed from genus Pinus and Larix. In the interstadial periods the different climatic conditions permit forrest propagation and became denser. Transitions from pleistocen to holocen was nearly similar to the situation in interstadial period. But later in the holocene the density of the forest is growing more and dominant of late glacial forest was replaced mainly by the spurce. Population of plants that survive the glacial in the Carpathian mountain growing as same as and new species that survived glacial in warmer localities. In the subatlantic and especially in the few last decade the human efect is important and can be found in the pollen analysis. On the research of plant evolution in Carpathian mountain is necessary to continue, mainly on identification and analysis new localities. This large and geographically complicated need informations from new localities.
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Atractivity of buckwheat for bees
KOSCHANT, Jan
This diploma thesis ,,buckwheat attractivity for bees" deals mainly with native nectar plants for the processing of bees to honey. Work is folded in two parts. The theoretical part deals with the migration of colonies, both for nectar crops and plants with bee pollination needs. In ractical part of this thesis microscopic pollen analysis were performed and contents of pollen grains in honey from colonies, which were relocated to buckwheat growth was evaluated. Comparison of this honey with honey from the hives with similaar location, but without access to buckwheat growth was done.
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Krajinna raného středověku a její změny s nástupem kolonizace
Kozáková, Radka ; Pokorný, Petr (advisor) ; Latalowa, Malgorzata (referee) ; Svitavská - Svobodová, Helena (referee)
Landscape transformation that occurred during the Middle Ages in western and central Europe is reflected in all pollen diagrams. An event that was so striking and widespread was used by Firbas to distinguish a biostratigraphical period called the Younger Subatlantic (zone X; Firbas 1949). High Medieval landscape transformation is connected with rapid colonization in our area that resulted in extensive deforestation and intensified agriculture. During the first half of the 13th century, the settlement network was already stabilized and was very similar to the current state and was reaching also mountain areas (Klápště 1994). New organization and changes in land ownership, as well as a need for more effective agriculture, resulted in the connecting of small fields into larger ones and in an increase of cultivated area (Klápště 2006). The use of the land was different, and for the first time complete (Bakels 2009). During a few centuries anthropogenic factors that were enormously enhanced throughout the 13th century, formed a cultural landscape that was much more similar to the landscape of today than to the landscape of, for instance, the 9th century. This doctoral thesis is focused on the Early Medieval landscape in the Czech lands and its transformation that culminated during the 13th and 14th...
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Natural forest disturbances palaeoecology
Moravcová, Alice ; Pokorný, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
This Bc. thesis deals with the disturbances, which form an integral part of many ecosystems. The main foci are natural disturbances (in contrast to anthropogenic ones) of temperate and boreal forests. I deal with the causes of major disturbancy factors (fires, storms, disease and insect pathogens) and their impact on the ecosystem. I focused in detail on fires, because they represent an essential factor in the development of many ecosystems. Moreover, they can be studied in the past by using several tools of palaeoecological analysis: dendroecology, anthracology and pollen analysis combined with micro-charcoal particles quantification. The last part of the thesis discusses the role of disturbances in the secular succession of Holocene vegetation in Central Europe. It contains a chapter that describes a research strategy focused to the study of natural disturbances through paleoecological methods in a specific location (Rynholec, Central Bohemia). Key words disturbances, vegetation dynamics, fire dynamics, secular succession, palaeoecological methods
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