|
|
Evaluation of genetic strains polymorphism of \kur{Beauveria bassiana} based on analyses of using microsatellite markers
PUDIL, Jiří
Microsatellites, or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), are highly polymorphic loci present in nuclear and organellar DNA that consist of repeating units of 1-6 base pairs in length. Microsatellites are very effective molecular markers, which allow us to examine various aspects of organisms. The aim of thesis is to carry out analyzes of microsatellites and describe the genetic relationships between individual strains and monosporic isolates, which were derived from these strains. Usind SSR I would like to asses the degree of genetic polymorphism between \kur{Beauveria bassiana} strains, collected during monitoring in the locality of Černá Hora in Šumava. I am also trying to optimize the method of DNA isolation and method of microsatellites analysis. 44 strains of \kur{Beauveria bassiana} isolated from \kur{Ips typographus} were analyzed in total using four primers. Overall, the results that I obtained show high similarity of evaluated strains, and therefore low level of genetic polymorphism. For further work it would be appropriate to enlarge the area, which will be sampled and include sets of strains that were obtained from different developmental stages of the host, as well as other reference strains of entomopathogeníc fungi collected from other localities with similar conditions. For more detailed study it would be useful to use the analysis of ribosomal DNA. Thus selected and evaluated population is likely to provide a more veritable image of strain diversity in observed area.
|
|
|
The Pinus mugo european complex {--} study of genetic structure of populations
KRAJNÍKOVÁ, Eva
The history of taxonomic classification of the complex of Pinus mugo Turra is very complicated. This complex being taxonomically the most complicated group of European pines is represented by the group of evolutionally relatively young taxa that hybridize intensively each other. In addition, the situation is complicated by rising of fertile hybrids or whole hybrid populations with ecologically very plastic species Pinus sylvestris L. The objective of this project is to explore suitability of molecular techniques for classification of intraspecific and interspecific variability in terms of the Pinus mugo complex.
|
|
|
Methods of isolation of individual subpopulations of neural stem cells
Zelený, Martin ; Zíková, Martina (advisor) ; Vargová, Ingrid (referee)
Stem cells have huge medical potential, but they are not explored enough for the use in medicine yet. Because of that, their further research is important. One group of the stem cells are neural stem cells, which are differentiating into the neural and glial cells in the brain. Neural stem cells are present at the two areas in the adult brain, subventricular zone and subgranular zone of hippocampus. Neural stem cells are not one homogenous population of cells, but rather various subpopulations with different cell expression. In my bachelor thesis I described the methods, which are used in the research of neural stem cell subpopulations. Described methods focused mainly on the isolation and gene expression. Keywords: neural stem cells, neurogenic zones, molecular markers
|
|
|
The use of molecular markers for the study of the impact of global change on fungal communities
Faltysová, Julie ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Koukol, Ondřej (referee)
Fungi are an essential part of life on Earth. Besides their main role in decomposition of organic matter, they belong among key symbiotic organisms and they take part in providing a range of ecosystem processes important for humankind such as primary production and with that related food availability or soil water regulation. For the study of fungal distribution, we often use a method called DNA metabarcoding which combines the use of specific molecular markers, most commonly universal fungal ITS, and high-throughput sequencing. The importance of the method has been rising in the current time of changing environment and it has helped us observe changes in fungal communities due to global change. It seems that primarily various climatic factors such as warming, changes in rainfall patterns and nitrogen deposition have strongly influenced community and fungal guilds composition. Consequently, these changes may potentially have an impact on ecosystem functioning so that their overall balance can be in threat. Key words: molecular markers, DNA metabarcoding, fungal community, warming, climate change, nitrogen deposition
|
|
|
Differentiation of keratinocytes: molecular markers and potential of influencing them in vitro
Ondrúšková, Denisa ; Filová, Elena (advisor) ; Porubská, Bianka (referee)
Keratinocytes are the most abundant skin cells found in epidermis. They are divided into proliferative basal stem cells, which are in close contact with basement membrane and suprabasal differentiating cells. Basal keratinocytes express K5 and K14 keratins and give rise to differentiating layers via delamination or asymmetric division. The firstly formed layer is stratum spinosum that expresses keratins K1 and K10 and involucrin, and, subsequently, it passes into the stratum granulosum, in which cells express loricrin and profilagrin. The last layer of epidermis is the stratum corneum formed by corneocytes that finally desquamate. Keratinocytes participate in the process of skin regeneration and can be isolated and cultivated. Their cultivation can be affected by various factors, such as selection of suitable materiál (nanofibers/gels) and suitable culture media, which can be enriched with growth factors, platelet lysat, vitamins and other substances. When culturing them, it also depends on whether the cells are entirely immersed in medium or growing on liquid/air interface. To approximate in vivo conditions and to study interaction between cell populations, keratinocytes are often cultured in co-cultures with different cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes and others....
|
|
|
Dispersion of freshwater gastropods
Buďová, Jana ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee)
Freshwater gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) belong to two tradional taxonomic groups: prosobranchs (Prosobranchia) and pulmonates (Pulmonata). Most of these molluscs are characterized by low vagility. Therefore they usually rely on passive dispersal. Their dispersal vectors are mostly birds and water. Animals can transport snails both externally and internally. Direct methods (capture.mark.recapture, radio - tracking) and genetic methods could be used to study dispersal. For genetic studies can be used many type of molecular markers, but the recently most popular are microsatellites. According to recent studies, the dispersal of freshwater gastropods is probably not as frequent and wide - spread as assumed before. Key words: freshwater snails, dispersal, dispersal vectors, capture - mark - recapture, molecular markers, population genetics
|
|
|
Genetické markery ve šlechtění rostlin; postupy, vývoj, praktické aplikace
Smýkalová, Zdeňka
Since the first attempts at plant breeding, this field has made great strides. My work focuses on a cross-section of both classical and modern methods, which are currently booming. From modern genetic methods I focused mainly on methods that are based on PCR analysis. The main advantage of these methods is their accuracy, speed and repeatability using a very small amount of input material. However, the relatively large purchase price of equipment for laboratories and the fact that we must have qualified laboratory personnel is a negative. Despite their pros and cons, genetic methods could not work reliably on their own, and it is a good idea to add classical breeding methods.
|
|
|
Molecular characterization and evaluation of genetic diversity of genetic resources of poppy seeds
STARÁ, Martina
The thesis deals with the study genetic diversity of poppies (Papaver somniferum L.) by SSR analysis. Altogether, 85 samples of poppies were evaluated. DNA was isolated from dried, mixed samples grown from seed using a modified CTAB method by Doyle and Doyle (1990). The seeds were provided by VÚO Opava. Six SSR primers were selected for the analysis and visualization was performed using chip electrophoresis. The PCR reaction was optimized with fluorescently labeled primer for fragmentation analysis. Chip electrophoresis was evaluated in MVSP using PCO analysis. The similarity matrix was further calculated and the samples showed hight genetic variability. The results of similarity matrix were provided to breeders as a basis for further breeding.
|
|
|
Rezistence genes against fungi deseases in cereals and methods for their detection
Stuchlíková, Šárka ; Dumalasová, Veronika (advisor) ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (referee)
The paper deals with the possibilities of detection fungal disease resistance genes in the original European cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye and oats. It provides an overview of the most important resistance genes for breeding. The significance of the resistance genes is evaluated on the basis of the harmfulness of the individual cereal fungal diseases, as well as the importance of the individual cereal species. It describes the possibilities of detecting resistance genes using molecular markers and compares various types of molecular markers. It seeks answers to the question of where the breeding on resistance and therefore the use of molecular markers brings the greatest benefit.
|
|
|
Development of molecular selection markers for detection of fertility restorer for CMS Shaan 2A
KARBANOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor thesis deals with the development of molecular selection markers for the detection of fertility restorers for CMS Shaan 2A in rape by molecular techniques. The thesis describes molecular techniques such as DNA isolation techniques, polymerase chain reaction and primer design techniques for the detection of fertility restorers. Specific PCR primers for the Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) superfamily protein gene and the Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) -like superfamily protein gene sequence amplification have been designed and aplicons have been sequenced. On the basis of the sequence differences between plants with fertility restorer fenotype and CMS fenotype the technique for fertility restorer detection was designed.
|
guest ::
