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Analysis of low number of women in political decision-making functions
Rakušanová, Petra ; Václavíková-Helšusová, L. ; Linek, Lukáš ; Seidlová, Adéla ; Křížková, Alena ; Horáková, Naděžda
Project offers complex analysis of low proportion of women in political decision-making functions. Main focus points are: institutional framework of female participation, social and economic structures and conditions, political culture in political parties and in general. Aside from this analysis the project also presents sociological survey of public opinion towards involvement of women in politics and survey of Czech political scene on national as well as regional level in this regard. Special attention was paid to description of mechanisms of candidate selection within political parties, which in this context proofs to be the key element. Project also aimed at suggestion of possible solutions (e.g. adoption of parity law, intraparty quotas, and governmental campaign targeted towards the public, political mentoring etc.) and attitudes of public as well as politicians – both male and female towards these possible solutions.
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Gender aspects of embodiment in contemporary Czech art
Štefková, Zuzana ; Konečný, Lubomír (advisor) ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Pachmanová, Martina (referee)
This thesis analyzes key issues related to the various fornls of representation of gendcr aspects af enlbod iment in eonten~porary Czech visual art Based on case studies a.nd using thc !llethodology oť ferninisln, post strueturalism,\ and psychoanalysis~ this thesis discusses how development of Czech society after 1989 retlects itself in the work of selected Czech and Slovak artists. After providing a theoretical and philosophical introduction into the topie, I discuss the exhibitions that have dealt with the issue of ernbodil11ent in the Czech context Detailed analysis 1S devoted to the different manifestations af hetero- and homosexual desire. Two separate chapters focus on the ways in which pornographic visuality inspires eontetnporary Czech art and on the relation between eroticls1n and power respectively. Next chapter discusses the gender specific sources of bodily' abject. The following text analyzes various representations of femaie bodies (stereotypical roles, motherhood, specifica11y enlbodied subjectivlty, visuality of women's )ifestyle tllagazines, and the impact of beauty lnyth) as well as the various aspects of male embodiment (visual reinterpretation of masculinity, the role af penis in the construction of tnale's subjectivity, and the deconstruction af maje genius). Finally~ tne thesis...
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Monitoring of Phytoestrogens Expression to the Milk and Milk Products
Watzková, Jarmila ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Phytoestrogens are very intensively studied in recent years because they show different pharmacological effects on human health. For example, it was demonstrated that phytoestrogens reduce the risk of certain cancers (breast, prostate or colon), act as antioxidants in the body and affect the activity of certain enzymes. In addition, also it was demonstrated number of positive effects of soybean phytoestrogens on the health status of women in the menopause, such as reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or osteoporosis. Various technologically processed soy beans are important part of the feed rations mainly for high-lactating dairy cows, because they are a valuable source of the energy and high-quality protein, despite their negative effect on reproductive performance. Phytoestrogens consumed from the feed rations are hydrolyzed in the rumen of dairy cow and together with their metabolites are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood. They can be excreted from the body in urine or milk. From this perspective, cow's milk may become a source of phytoestrogens substances, especially equol in the human nutrition. On the other hand, some research results suggest possible potential risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in the diet on human health. At the some age (infants and young children) and group (vegetarians) categories may be dietary intake of phytoestrogens undiserable. According to most experts, a beneficial effect on human health prevail the potential risks. However, the risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in food can not be ignored and therefore phytoestrogens are still actual problem in the field of scientific research.
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Parental influece on mate choice and satisfaction in long-term realitonship
Štěrbová, Zuzana ; Varella Valentova, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Klapilová, Kateřina (referee)
The main aim of this study is to contribute to understanding of family influence on mate choice and satisfaction in long-term relationship. Studies suggest that family has significant influence on mate choice. According to the theory of sexual imprinting, individual create an image of the opposite sex parent during early childhood, which is in adulthood used as a template for partner choice (Bereczkei et al., 2002). However, in accordance with phenotype matching theory, the preference for similar traits like parents have, could be preferences for self-similarity, because they share with parents a half of genom. So it could means, that they prefer self-similar traits more than parent-similar traits (Rushton, 1989). Fourty nine couples participated in our research and also partner and parents of our respondents filled a set of standardized questionnaires. In the second study women evaluated male somatotypes and completed a questionnaire on the relationship with their father during childhood. The study showed many interesting results. Studyies aimed on sexual imprinting have focused only on the influence of the opposite sex parent (Wiszewska et al., 2007), however, we found that the parent of same sex influences partner choice of their offspring too. These findings support more the phenotypic matching...
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Laterality and wages: Is there a price premium for the left-handers?
Jakubcová, Klára ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This thesis empirically examines the influence of laterality on wages in the Czech Republic. I gathered cross-sectional data using a questionnaire. In general there is an expectation of the left-handers to be underpaid. The reason for this is the unavailability of specific tools adapted to be used by the left-handed workers which results in lower productivity of work. The first tested hypothesis argues that left-handed men achieve wage premium due to better creative abilities. The second hypothesis suggests that the wages of left-handed women are penalized compared to those of right-handed women. To test the hypotheses the process of estimating regression equations by the method of least squares was used. Neither hypothesis was confirmed using my basic models. On the contrary, the results suggest that the left-handers should have in average 6,6 % lower wages than right-handers and left-handed women about 4 % higher wages than the right-handed women. However, the statistical significance of laterality variables was not confirmed in the basic models. After splitting the dataset according to the highest education achieved the results were as follows: The left-handed male workers with the university degree have 14 % higher hourly wage than the right-handed workers with same attributes. The left-handed male workers with secondary education and lower degree of education have 43 % lower hourly wage than the right-handed (There was no influence observed in case of left-handed women).
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T.B.-some risk factors and their analyse
Kosová, Zuzana ; Príkazký, Vladimír (advisor)
The main risk group represent the population in the Czech Republic as well as in other developed countries the homeless and immigrants, who represent a high percentage among all TB patients. Currently the world is growing at risk of TB in particular HIV-related infection, where there is inter alia a risk of multidrug resistance. For other diseases, which mainly contribute to the reactivation of TB include diabetes mellitus. Another risk factor is immunosuppression by any mechanism, e.g., after use of immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, and others. Regarding professions, they remain the most vulnerable group of health care workers. TB incidence increases with age and is higher in males. Smoking and drinking alcohol are supportive factors rather than direct trigger TB. Czech Republic ranks among the countries with a low incidence of TB. TB situation in the Czech Republic in 2003 was stable, with no significant decrease in the number of notified when compared with 2002. Relations have been maintained in terms of the ratio of men and women, the proportion of TB respiratory and extrapulmonary TB patients and age structure. In the notification, there are still differences between regions, which also related to bacteriological verification. We can assume that a significant decrease notification with us already...
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Building of the municipal office
Pichner, Petr ; Lavická, Radomila (referee) ; Lavický, Miloš (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals project documentation of building of the municipal office in Jablonné nad Orlicí. The office will also serve small villages near. The house is irregular shape. It have one underground floor and two overground floors. The underground floor is only under part of house, so the house is partial basement. Part of first floor is open garage for 7 employee car. The object is roofed by sloping hipped roof with a slope of 15° from wood trusses. The house is brick and have contact insulation system. The anticipated number of employees of municipal office is 24. The building is located on flat land in centre of town in existing buildings in cadastral Jablonné nad Orlicí.
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Theme of fatherhood in contemporary Polish literature from the perspective of woman - author and man - author
Kulakowská, Melánie ; Benešová, Michala (advisor) ; Pátková, Jana (referee)
Presented Bachelor thesis deals with the theme of fatherhood in contemporary Polish literature. It's based on the possible differences in viewpoint of men-author and women-author. In the theoretical section are explained concepts of masculine and feminine literature and there is also outlined stereotyping of masculinity and fatherhood. The focus of the work lies in the analysis of three literary works by male and two by female authors. The final chapter compares the treatment of the topic in the various texts. At the very end there is presented the concept of diversity of fatherhood in the analyzed texts with regard to the author's sex.
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Changes in preferences for heterozygosity in MHC genes across the menstrual cycle
Ptáčková, Kateřina ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Janotová, Kateřina (referee)
5 Abstract Products of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays key role in immune system of vertebrates. Prior studies on different vertebrate species show, that heterozygosity in MHC genes is linked to more efficient immune system and preferred in mate choice. Results of human studies are ambivalent, which can be due to the effect of some modulating factors like reproductive status. Therefore, our aim was to test heterozygosity related preferences in faces, odor and voice across menstrual cycle. Our sample consisted of 51 men and 52 women, from which 23 used hormonal contraception and 29 had natural cycle. They were genotyped in -A, -B and -DR alleles. All odor stimuli, face photos and voice records were rated on seven-point scale in both follicular and luteal phase. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the analysis. Changes in ratings across the menstrual cycle and heterozygosity were most discernible on voice ratings. Voices of homozygous males were rated more attractive than voices of heterozygous males especially in follicular phase. Similar shift to higher ratings in follicular phase was manifested in ratings of homozygous male faces, but the difference between homozygous males and heterozygous males was not significant. Women with natural cycle also rated voices higher in their follicular phase...
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Male response to infertility by glance of female
KLEMENTOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis, titled "Male Reactions to Infertility from Female Perspective", focuses on couples who have long been trying to conceive a child and on the way men react or express their opinions on the issue of infertility. The theoretical part is based on expert sources and explains the concepts that relate to this issue. A qualitative research strategy was selected for the practical part. The method of a snowball was used to select the research group. The research group consisted of women who have long been trying, or are trying, to conceive a child with their partners. The women were aged 25-50 years and of various education levels. The total number of the respondents was five. The method of interviews - semi-structured interviews - was used for data collection. Each of the interviews lasted 45 to 60 minutes on average and it was recorded on a recording device with the respondents´ consent. The main objective of the thesis was to describe, using women´s interpretations, their partners´ reactions to having trouble with getting pregnant and the solutions to this situation. To meet the above objective, two research questions were formulated: How do women interpret their partners´ reactions to infertility since the findings till resolving the situation? What man´s reactions would women consider adequate for the situation? Data was processed using a qualitative content analysis. The results obtained showed that men are quite often able and willing to communicate with their partners. These pairs demonstrated that men share the problem with their partners and are able support them. In this respect, it seems that men are mentally tougher and stronger than women. In two cases, it was found that men did not communicate with their partners because they were not accustomed to talk about problems. These two men also did not support their partners. However, the women expected these reactions. If the couples solved the problems of failed pregnancy repeatedly, their communication was problematic at first but there were improvements over time. The thesis reflects the issue that hotly debated currently as it is difficult nowadays to decide when to have a child. Male infertility is rather an issue of the recent decades; before it was automatically assumed that the fault is on the side of women. This thesis captures, through women´s interpretations, the reactions of partners to the problem of infertility. The results of this thesis could be used as informative material for professionals who encounter this group of patients because general ideas are still burdened with a lot of myths (e.g. men do not attend medical examination, couples divorce, etc.) They could also serve as support for men who have difficulties expressing their emotions and views on the infertility issue.
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