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Amulets and talismans in cross-cultural perspective
Nuska, Petr ; Rychlík, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with amulets and talismans, ie. artifacts made as magical protective objects. In the first chapter there are mentions about etymology of terms "amulet" and "talisman"; difference between these two words and its meanings. There is also the summary of other relevant terms (as glyph, pantacle or fetish). Next chapter follows up magic in the wider context. The central chapter is cross-cultural analysis of amulets and talismans. Artifacts are divided into several categories according to principles for which are regarded as functional: homeopatic (imitative) principle, contagious principle (according to James G. Frazer), magical- text principle, principle of magical color (according to Dimitrij K. Zelenin), principle of magical substances, principle of personified force majeure (according to Josef Kandert) and principle of combination (which means combinations of principles given above). The short chapter on the early end deals with situation about current talismanic magic. The work is complemented by the rich images appendix as well as summary of mentioned ethnicities. Keywords: amulet, talisman, magic
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Nikita I. Tolstoy and Moscow school of ethnolinguistics (characteristics and translations)
Bauerová, Jana ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Mistrová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis comprises translations of five articles by the Russian ethnolinguist Nikita Iljich Tolstoy, some of which deal with the theory of the ethnolinguistic approach to language and the Slavic culture and others demonstrate a practical application of such an approach and such methods on the traditional Slavic culture. They present this approach as a continuous development of linguistic research which draws on the rich tradition and at the same time transcends its past and enriches it with new points of view. This also constitutes a unique way of preserving the legacy of our ancestors while simultaneously showing it in a new light. Aside from the translations the present thesis also includes an introductory study dealing with general characteristics of ethnolinguistics, its goals, subject, methods, and various schools of thought. In addition, chapters are included introducing the scientific work of N. I. Tolstoy and other members of the Moscow School of Ethnolinguistics. Present are also notes and comments on the translation, clarifying terms from the Russian cultural tradition not necessarily familiar in the Czech environment and explaining certain terms that may be difficult to translate.
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Talismans - Luck vs Bad luck
Hájková, Barbora ; Levínská, Markéta (advisor) ; Bittnerová, Dana (referee)
The main goal of this work is to approach a problem of talismans. We will concern with the history of talismans and their examples of today. We will mean resources of using talismans. There will be information about magic thinking, because the magic comes from it. We will show the complicacy of this problem. The core of this work is the empiric research, which is based on ethnographic principles. We will adhere to the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin. The research is related to children with educational problems. We will focus on evocations, which children have about talismans and their experiences with it. Information will get mainly through the interview with children. Research indications will be confronted with literary knowledge, which are in relationship to talismans.
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Hair as a mirror. Social and cultural dimensions of hair symbolism
Kernová, Michaela ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
We focus on hair as a symbol of personality, cultural and social influence and the object of ritual ceremonies.1 Hair is not only a vitally important part of human body but it is an important cultural phenomenon and serves as important cultural artifact, because it is simultaneously public (visible to everyone), personal (biologically linked to the body), and highly malleable to suit cultural and personal preferences. Hair - whether present or absent, restored or removed, abundant or scarce, long or short, bound or unbound, dyed or natural - marks a person as clearly as a speech, clothing, and smell. Hair tells a lot about every man, about his age, social and family status, his sexual availability and desirability, about his interests, his character, his political stance and religious preferences, his roots, background, his membership in some subculture and about the fashion and the norms of the period (and his conformability or inadaptability). It is a perfect culture- anthropological topic becauce every culture has particular rules and norms how to dispose of hair. Social and cultural influence on hairstyling could be asserted by means of fashion (mild form) or more serious forms of restrict orders (even written as the laws and directions) or just by cultural norms which set the looks of "normal,...
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"Wandering at a Fixed Spot"
Balážová, Dana ; Babanová, Adéla (referee) ; Lisá, Markéta (advisor)
My work called Wandering... is addressed to natural ways of Travelling. I relativised this therm and I complain it with the word Wandering. First of all I try to evocate wandering in mind. I use quite static images that contrasts with wide range of musical themes and sound effects.
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Puppets at Present
Zika, Mikoláš ; SMOLÍK, Robert (advisor) ; KALFUS, Pavel (referee)
In this thesis I will deal with the current puppet phenomenon based on historical tradition of puppet theater and puppets as such. This topic will try to illustrate through the reflection of their own projects, which were created during my studies at the Academy of Performing Arts. At the beginning of the introduction will outline their motivation and direction to the object theater and selecting this theme. The first part will focus on the origin and definition puppets on a brief history and selected artists who inspired me for making puppets. In the second part I will chronologically present their own work on individual examples, from the first experience to current projects and demonstrate the inspirational material. I will have to apply their own development in thinking and approach to puppet theater and on the basis of past collaboration will try to explain their future plunging further.
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Terrasson's novel Sethos and englightenment Egyptomania
MEDKOVÁ, Markéta
This bachelor thesis is focused on understanding of the early egyptomania, namely a detailed analysis of the French novel Sethos. On quated philosophical works attemps to present opinion of some philosophers to ancient Egypt. The aim is to analyze religion in the novel and to contribute to the view that the interest in ancient Egypt counts before Napoleon's expedition to Egypt. To this view, the work seeks to reach using selected philosophical and contemporary works by comparing the rituals of Freemasonry and the ancient Egyptians focused on the so-called ritual of the four elements. The main part of the thesis is based on the novel of the enlightened priest Jean Terrasson - Sethos. The thesis summarizes the plot and focuses on the comparison of ancient Egyptian religion and rituals in the novel with reality. Also on the author's life and its integration into contemporary context. The second part of the essay is based on a philosophical view of Athanasius Kircher, Voltaire, Giambattista Vico and Johann Jakob Brucker. The last part of this work compares rituals of ancient Egypt with rituals of Freemasons. Brief history of Freemasons is also mentioned in this work.
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The Romanies and their present attitude to religion
VÍTKOVÁ, Jana
The present degree work deals with the attitude of Romanies to religion nowadays. The work consists of a theoretical and a practical parts. The theoretical part describes the development of Romany religion, its changes from the departure of Romanies from India until the 20 th century, the contemporary conception of Romany religion, Romany folk religion and its rituals, the Romany relation to the majority belief and to the Pentecostal movement. The last chapter of the theoretical part summarizes all the knowledge gained from specialized literature. The practical part contains the aim of research which was to find out what the present attitude of Romanies to religion is. The research was carried out in the town of Milevsko by means of non standard interview with Romany respondents. The information obtained in the interviews was interpreted in the presentation of results and consequently summed up in the final discussion.
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Jewellery ( collection of jewellery pieces). Jewellery in the create of natural civilisations.
HORÁKOVÁ, Petra
The following dissertation is presented in two parts. The main part is focused on the collection of twelve jewellery pieces, which I designed and produced myself. In case of decorative objects I tried to find a balance of shapes, structures and materials. The jewellery is made from organic and natural resources which I often find charming and fascinating. The greatest inspiration for me had to be the world`s natural civilisations, which don{\crq}t regard the jewellery pieces just as decoration but for them represent also magical and spiritual meaning. In the theoretic part of my dissertation I focused on the comparison of jewellery in natural civilisations with the primate jewellery of mankind. In this part of my work I searched for the roots of magic and art in general and I discovered the connections with todays remaining natural civilisations {--} magical meaning of jewellery, use of material and meaningful ornaments. Here I also mentioned the use and representation of jewellery. Attempting to clarify the concept of amullet, talisman and fetish. All written text is supported by picture documentation. In the last chapter I summarised the main focus of my dissertation and reflected on the creative process of my work. The last part of my dissertation contains all photo documentation of the creative process.
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