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Incidence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp. in University Hospital Hradec Králové 2008-2010.
Schrammová, Kateřina ; Paterová, Pavla (advisor) ; Lesná, Jiřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Kateřina Schrammová Supervisor: MUDr. Pavla Paterová Title of diploma thesis: The incidence of multidrug resistant strains of Klebsiella spp. at UH in Hradec Kralove in the years 2008-2010 Klebsiella pneumoniae producing a broad spectrum beta - lactamases ( ESBLs ) are of global common pathogen causing nosocomial infections that are associated with higher mortality and limiting treatment options. To prevent nosocomial transmission is necessary to determine and compliance with procedures of the correct nursing practice focused on multidrug-resistant strains. The practical part is focused on the occurrence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in a University Hospital Hradec Králové from January 2009 to December 2010. The file contains all the positive culture of material from patients of HK Hospital. The incidence of K. pneumoniae is evaluated by material, capture the individual clinics, in intensive and standard care, in surgical specialties, age and time. In 2009 is isolated a total of 1545 strains of ESBL -producing K. pneumoniae, 1716 strains in 2010. The most positive material is urine (34-35 %) and samples from the respiratory tract (43-52 %). ESBL K. pneumoniae account for...
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Awareness of contagious disease in mind of pupils at basic and secondary schools.
Peštová, Ilona ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Infectious diseases are a very hot topic nowadays in society. In recent years, there were several epidemics, infectious diseases (hepatitis A, Avian influenza, pandemic influenza A) and nobody knows when will the next "new" infection. At the outbreak of epidemics, there is great interest in the company to obtain information about the disease, but often also to unnecessary panic, because the media often publish incorrect information. It would be preferable, in order to improve public awareness and prevent the unnecessary spread of disease. Great emphasis should be given to prevent the disease - primarily on immunization, hygiene rules and principles of safe sex. Quality information should be mainly from teachers in teaching their pupils, as is clear from research books, infectious diseases are only mentioned in textbooks and the number of substantive information in them is missing. The fact that pupils of primary schools and grammar schools with basic information on infectious diseases do not meet in the classroom, evidenced by the results of a survey carried out in the 6th classes and first year at selected elementary schools and grammar schools in Prague. To raise awareness of the pupils in school was to create a methodical manual for teachers, which summarizes information about bacterial and...
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Serological diagnosis of borreliosis deseases
Sližová, Ivana ; Chmelař,, Dittmar (referee) ; Lochman,, Ivo (advisor)
The aim of present master’s thesis was to compare the results of serological methods for diagnosing borreliosis that are commonly used in Spadia laboratories (ELISA, immunoblots) in terms of recommendation on how and when to indicate and interpret them. The theoretical part is focusing on the characteristics and history of borreliosis, microbiological description of Borrelia, immune system and pathogenesis of the disease as well as the therapy and prevention. The experimental part is focusing on the analysis of results obtained from common examinations of antibodies to Borrelia made in Spadia Lab laboratories from January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2015. Screening of antibodies to Borrelia made by ELISA in IgM and IgG was done for all samples according to recommendation of CDC. In 2014 the ELISA screening was done using ELISA kits from Euroimmun and Evolis sample processors whereas in 2015 it was done using DiaSorin’s CLIA kits on Liaison analyser. Positive results were then confirmed by Westernblot or lineblot alternatively if the physician did not ask otherwise. It must be remembered that ELISA and Westernblot belong among serological methods that are using antibodies, i.e. substances produced by the immune system. The immune system plays the key role in protecting the body against infection and the antibodies are its important tool. Serological methods belong among immunoassay methods, which is still not standardized. Diagnosis of infections cann‘t be based only on antibody testing. It is necessary to assess the results in the context of the entire clinical picture, history and in the case of antibodies it is recommended retesting with an interval.
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Cyberbullying
Korbel, Michal ; Komosný, Dan (referee) ; Zeman, Václav (advisor)
This is work deals with the creation of the questionnaire, it’s purpose is to prevent threats in cyberspace largely focus on cyberbullying and also should act preemptively to selected ages from parents, pupils from primary school to secondary school students. The questionnaire is to determine the Police of the Czech Republic not only by the District Department, as well as all police officers, criminologists for occupy in the prevention, detection and analysis of cyberbullying.
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Managing operational risk using scenario analysis
Vostatek, Jan ; Blahová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Brada, Jaroslav (referee)
The master thesis is dealing with the contemporary issues of operational risk management in financial institutions. Author sets a theoretical basis and legal background of the topic and describes the contemporary practices of managing the operational risk. Author focuses on the scenario analysis as a specific method which is described and evaluated. Scenario analysis is applied on the rogue trading risk. In the thesis there is created a model institution on which author applies the operational risk theory using best practices and expert opinions. The model situation provides the analysis of the processes of the financial institution and choose the suitable measures in order to defend against the risk. The author also analyses the past cases of rogue trading which helps to understand the prevention and the historical significance of the operational risk.
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Burnout syndrome - diagnostic possibilities (comparative study)
Vlachovská, Barbora ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
The theoretical part deals with key issues of burnout - a definition, phase of syndrome, diagnostic classification, prevention, and mainly deals with the description of the methods by which the level of burnout is detected. Now probably the most common diagnostic tools are the MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and its derivatives (eg. MBI-General Survey), but there are many other methods, such as developed by Israeli and European psychologists (BoTeLis, OLBI, CBI, MBS, etc.). The goal is to assemble a relatively complete overview of these diagnostic tools.In the empirical part, is to verify the psychometric properties of Czech version of the selected methods on a set of population, describe and analyze their characteristics.
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Global Population Problem
Papežová, Zuzana ; Jeníček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Janković, Vukica (referee)
Bachelor thesis titled Global Population Problem is focused on a group of global problems, which mainly arises from the adverse demographic development on Earth. The aim of this work is to describe the basic demographic trends affecting the formation and existence of the global population problem. It also gives evaluation and suggestions of current and future solutions to this problem. Characterization of demographic indicators and their changes over time with an emphasis on both the average and extreme values and analysis of solutions of selected sub-part of the problem were used as a method. Based on the information, it is possible to identify the main problems and analyze possible solutions. The first problem is the rapid population growth, when the number of people on the planet could more than double by the end of the century. Furthermore, the asymmetry of this growth, with the largest share of the population explosion to the poorest regions, whose young age structure prevents the stabilization of population growth in short term. Also the European continent is affected by the population aging, which causes the gradual extinction of the local peoples. There is no comprehensive solution to these problems. Nevertheless, partial steps will gradually improve the situation and may achieve some improvements.
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Social services for children and youth in community planning
Barčík, Jakub ; Holda, Dalibor (advisor) ; Kodymová, Pavla (referee)
The compendium Child and youth are supposed to be a social group threatened by the social exclusion. Young generation is a future of every society. Socialization is process of social growing. Socialization is aimed to a social integration of an individual. The agents of socialization are family, school, peergroup and massmedias. These agents have positive or negative influence. Child and youth merit social protection, because they face hazards, which they are not able to cope with. Social services realize social protection. On the level of community, social services are realized through the community planning. Community planning come out from the target group need analysis. Lowtreshold facilities are the services of a social prevention. In the research part, the specific needs of youth are defined.
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Bullying - serious school problem
Štabrňáková, Lucie ; Večerka, Kazimír (advisor) ; Pohlová, Olga (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with problems of a school bullying. The author focuses on bullying participants, that means features of an aggressor, casualties and a group. There is also desrcription of a history of the school bullying and definiton of the given term. The author also characterizes the evolution stages of the school bullying and thinks about a possible causes and motivation of this pathological action. An important part of the thesis also concerns with a legal consequences of this action. Next chapters contain possibilities of preventive measures and a systematic problem solving. With respect to the studies the author includes a part about a social worker activity as well as activities of institutions interested in the problems. The last chapter of theoretic section addresses occurence of the phenomenon in czech schools. In a practical section there is a quantitative research, which was realized by questionnaire survey in an elementary school for children with specific learning problems. There are also encloses in the thesis.
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Bullying at ecclesiastic schools
Dabrowská, Václava ; Bartůšková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Kuźniar, Mariusz (referee)
The Diploma thesis "Bullying at ecclesiastic schools" first presents briefly the context of aggression at schools. Furthermore it describes the behaviour of an aggressor and his reasons to bully. It explains the keyword of a victim and shows which kinds of individuals become most frequently to be bullied. It solves the share of boys and girls on aggressive behaviour. It also takes into account the bullying from the juridical point of view, outlines the possible kinds of prevention against the bullying in families and first of all at school. This thesis also describes the consequences of the bullying on its victims. The last part of the thesis deals with proposal of possible steps to be taken in order to solve the bullying. In a practical part there are introduced two ecclesiastic Grammar schools in Prague where students of selected classes have been asked for their experiences with appearance of bullying at their school. Their answers have been examined - also in the graphical form.
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