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Vocal and Voice Disorders
Gerasimova, Olga ; Tichá, Alena (advisor) ; Volavá, Iva (referee)
This thesis deals with vocal and voice disorders and draws on czech and russian authors. The theoretical part consists of a survey of disorder classification by czech and russian voice pedagogues, phoniatricians, physicians and speech therapists. Practical part is focused on vocal hygiene and on description and examples of practical drills, suitable for prevention and therapy of vocal and voice disorders. In the end there are given several musical notation excercises that are applicable to voice training and therapy.
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Correlation of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biologic Methods in The Diagnosis of Tumors
Michal, Michael ; Skálová, Alena (advisor) ; Rychlý, Boris (referee) ; Zambo, Iva (referee)
This thesis is a collection of commentaries on altogether 13 first-authored and 20 co- authored publications where morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular genetic methods were used to provide novel clues for arriving at an accurate diagnosis of tumors, as well as to propose novel approaches and refinement of classification of certain tumors. The presented manuscripts are the result of the postgraduate studies of MUDr. Michael Michal at the Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen in the period between 2015-2018. The author focused the main part of his research, particularly his first-authored manuscripts, on soft tissue tumors but also largely participated in research activities focusing on other body systems. Over the course of his studies, four main areas of interests within the topic of soft tissue pathology emerged. The first is oriented on soft tissue tumors of presumed (but unconfirmed) fibroblastic lineage. First two publications regard two related low-grade sarcomas called Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) and Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT). In the first manuscript, a high-grade variant of the former is described. The latter publication is focused on the morphological and IHC similarities between both MIFS and PHAT. The third and...
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Implementation of Immunohistochemical and Molecular-Genetic Methods in Differential Diagnosis of Urogenital and Gynecologic Tract Lesions
Ondič, Ondrej ; Hes, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mandys, Václav (referee) ; Vernerová, Zdeňka (referee)
This thesis focuses on gynecopathology. It consists of a collection of seven papers published in pathology journals with impact factor. Introduction section contains selection of examples showing scientific application of molecular genetic methods. Further on the aims of individual research projects are described. The first project comprises histomophologic study of skin endometriosis addressing "mullerian" differentiation. A case report of a rare tumor namely borderline papillary serous tumor of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube follows with molecular genetic analysis of KRAS, BRAF and p53 gene mutation status. Prospective longitudinal study on high grade squamous dysplasia (HSIL) of the cervix in HPV vaccinated women, so called DAV (dysplasia after vaccination), aims to elucidate pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Two other studies focus on incidence of fumarate hydratase deficient leiomyomas of the uterus and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HLRCC). The aim of those studies is to improve our diagnostic capability and increase detection rate of the patients with HLRCC syndrome. Finally a new subtype of HSIL namely bizarre cell dysplasia is described in two separate studies. Conclusion remarks contemplate the role of molecular genetics in surgical pathology.
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Computational modelling of mechanical tests of animal cell
Orlová, Lucie ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
Předkládaná diplomová práce se zabývá stavbou živých živočišných buněk a jejich odezvou na mechanické zatěžování. Zobecněným zaměřením práce je popis mechanického chování buňky nejenom ve fyziologickém, ale i v patologickém stavu. Výchozím předpokladem pro úspěšné řešení zadané úlohy je vysoce interdisciplinární přístup kombinující výpočtové přístupy mechaniky těles (v~tomto případě metodu konečných prvků) s lékařským výzkumem. Nejdůležitějším bodem při tvorbě výpočtového modelu, pomocí něhož je možné aproximovat chování živé buňky při zatížení, je zejména identifikace mechanicky významných komponent a~jejich materiálových parametrů. V tomto případě jsou jako mechanicky význačné identifikovány spojité součásti jádro, membrána a cytoplazma, které jsou nově propojeny s prvky diskrétními (mitochondriální sítí) v hybridním modelu, jehož platnost je ověřena pomocí experimentálních dat. Tento model slouží jako podklad k vyhodnocení míry vlivu mitochondrií na celkovou tuhost buňky.
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The role of nitric oxide in mice infected with Trichobilharzia regenti, the neuropathogenic schistosome
Šmídová, Barbora ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Panská, Lucie (referee)
Nitric oxide (NO) has been proved to reduce parasite burden in vertebrates infected with Schistosoma, Fasciola, Brugia or Taenia. NO negatively influences parasite growth and development, which then leads to smaller parasite-caused damage to the liver during schistosomosis and stimulates healing processes in muscles infected with Toxocara canis. Peroxynitrite, formed from NO and superoxide, significantly reduces the viability of F. hepatica adults. In case of T. regenti, the neuropathogenic schistosome, the cells capable of NO production (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, microglia and astrocytes) migrate to the site of the infection suggesting that NO might affect T. regenti infection as well. Therefore, the production of NO and its effect on the course of the infection was examined in vivo and the effect of peroxynitrite on T. regenti schistosomula was examined in vitro to assess the role of reactive nitrogen species during the infection. Our results from in vivo experiments demonstrate that although the infection did not significantly elevate nitrite/nitrate results in the sera, NO is locally produced in the early stages of the infection in both the skin and the spinal cord as shown by immunohistochemical detection of inducible NO synthase. Diminishing NO production by aminoguanidine...
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Implementation of Immunohistochemical and Molecular-Genetic Methods in Differential Diagnosis of Urogenital and Gynecologic Tract Lesions
Ondič, Ondrej ; Hes, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mandys, Václav (referee) ; Vernerová, Zdeňka (referee)
This thesis focuses on gynecopathology. It consists of a collection of seven papers published in pathology journals with impact factor. Introduction section contains selection of examples showing scientific application of molecular genetic methods. Further on the aims of individual research projects are described. The first project comprises histomophologic study of skin endometriosis addressing "mullerian" differentiation. A case report of a rare tumor namely borderline papillary serous tumor of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube follows with molecular genetic analysis of KRAS, BRAF and p53 gene mutation status. Prospective longitudinal study on high grade squamous dysplasia (HSIL) of the cervix in HPV vaccinated women, so called DAV (dysplasia after vaccination), aims to elucidate pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Two other studies focus on incidence of fumarate hydratase deficient leiomyomas of the uterus and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HLRCC). The aim of those studies is to improve our diagnostic capability and increase detection rate of the patients with HLRCC syndrome. Finally a new subtype of HSIL namely bizarre cell dysplasia is described in two separate studies. Conclusion remarks contemplate the role of molecular genetics in surgical pathology.
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Correlation of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biologic Methods in The Diagnosis of Tumors
Michal, Michael ; Skálová, Alena (advisor) ; Rychlý, Boris (referee) ; Zambo, Iva (referee)
This thesis is a collection of commentaries on altogether 13 first-authored and 20 co- authored publications where morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular genetic methods were used to provide novel clues for arriving at an accurate diagnosis of tumors, as well as to propose novel approaches and refinement of classification of certain tumors. The presented manuscripts are the result of the postgraduate studies of MUDr. Michael Michal at the Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen in the period between 2015-2018. The author focused the main part of his research, particularly his first-authored manuscripts, on soft tissue tumors but also largely participated in research activities focusing on other body systems. Over the course of his studies, four main areas of interests within the topic of soft tissue pathology emerged. The first is oriented on soft tissue tumors of presumed (but unconfirmed) fibroblastic lineage. First two publications regard two related low-grade sarcomas called Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) and Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT). In the first manuscript, a high-grade variant of the former is described. The latter publication is focused on the morphological and IHC similarities between both MIFS and PHAT. The third and...
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Immunopathology aspects and new treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis
Bartoňová, Michaela ; Šenolt, Ladislav (advisor) ; Drbal, Karel (referee)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which affects joints. It significantly affects the quality of life and is associated with increased mortality. Although its etiology is not fully known, it is believed that both genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in its outbreak. Knowledge of these risk factors helps us to determine the risk of RA outbreaks in vulnerable populations and provides us with knowledge about possible prevention. Pathogenesis of RA is caused by activated mesenchymal cells and cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, such as endothelial cells, synovial fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes. It is an incurable disease, but there are several medications, which improve disease activity or can even cause remission. Great success has been observed in biological treatment and inhibitors of Janus kinases. In some cases, the response to this relatively new therapy is not sufficient, and new drugs based on other mechanism should be developed. Examples include inhibition of granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor, inhibition of interleukin 6 or interleukin 17 and bispecific antibodies. There is a growing importance of biosimilar drugs, which would make treatment, thanks to a lower price,...
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Pathological gambling
Šimůnková, Nikola ; Dočkal, Jan (advisor) ; Mašát, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the problem of pathological gambling as a socio- pathological phenomenon. The aim of this work is to gather and sum up information about pathological gambling. First chapter of this work is devoted to the characteristics of pathological gambling as a socio-pathological phenomenon. This chapter also deals with types of socio-pathological phenomena and the causal theory. Next chapter focuses on the definition of pathological gambling, types of games and causes of pathological gambling. Third chapter describes the impact of pathological gambling to the gambler's family and the gambler itself. Gambler typology and phases of pathological gambling are also mentioned. Methods and types of prevention, as well as high-risk groups, are described in fourth chapter. Fifth chapter deals with pathological gambling treatment, including brief description of each treatment method. To supplement the gathered information, interviews with former pathological gambler and dr. Karel Nešpor, addiction treatment specialist, are included in this work. Keywords player, gambling,pathologicalgambling, prevention, treatment, gamble,hazard, pathology
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