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PM Exposure in Climbing Gyms: Case study of two climbing walls in Prague
Bartošová, Nikola ; Bendl, Jan (advisor) ; Makeš, Otakar (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of high exposure of dust particles PM10, PM2.5 a PM1 in two specific climbing gyms in Prague. The source of these particles is linked to the use of magnesia alba that the climbers use to dry up the skin of their hands. The thesis analyzes the expected correlation between the dust particles concentration and the current number of visitors of the climbing gym. The dust particles are proven to have a negative effect on the health of individuals. The dust particles measured in this thesis are able to penetrate the respiratory tract. The size segregated aerosol was measured using DustTrak DRX. It is a laser nephelometer. In one of the gyms, a gravimetric analysis was performed, using a Harvard impactor that measures the PM10 concentration. All measurements were performed within the period of 20.4.2016 -5.2.2017. In the climbing center Mammut, the PM10 exposure was measured at 0,125 - 0,167 mg*m-3 , which could quadruple in the most frequented time periods. The climbing gym SmíchOFF measured the maximum levels of PM10 at 0,368 - 0,901 mg*m-3 . Both climbing centers exceeded the average daily imission limits for PM10 and PM2.5. From the health perspective, it is recommended to prevent such high exposure levels or lower the concentrations in the climbing gyms by suitable...
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Use of unpublished data on total suspended particles in the CR measured during the 1970s and 1980s as an invaluable information and comparative material to current measurements
Pavlovicová, Martina ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
Air pollution of atmospheric aerosol is one of the biggest problems across Europe nowadays. The atmospheric aerosol is natural part of Earth's atmosphere that significantly participates in important atmospheric activities. The late 1960s of 20 century, however, air pollution by anthropogenic activities is gets into the minds, which caused the first aerosol load associated with the development of mining activities and industry. The first cases of increased incidence of allergies and respiratory diseases in children were discovered. At that time, the first arrangements to improve the unfavorable situation and also the first measurements of concentration of particulate matter in ČSSR were initiated. During 1970s and 1980s of the last century, concentration of particulate matter was measured in more than 100 stations. Particulate matter was measured as total suspended particulates (TSP) in the air. This bachelor thesis describes four areas of interest in ČSSR, which were affected by particulate matter pollution during mentioned years the most. They are Ostrava-Karviná region, North Bohemia, Brno agglomeration and Hradec Králové and Pardubice region. In my bachelor thesis I dealt with the transfer values of particulate matter concentrations to values of PM10 and PM2,5 concentrations. The main goal of...
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Aerosol size distribution of PAH in urban atmosphere
Bendl, Jan ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Mikuška, Pavel (referee)
The aim of the study was to determine the 13 health risk PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, ideno(1,2,3-cd)perylene and coronene; c-PAU highlighted) in the fractions of size-segregated aerosol of the urban air in Ostrava (2012, 2014) and Mlada Boleslav (2013) at low temperatures in winter, and to verify experimentally a sampling artifact, i.e., to quantify PAHs in the gas phase. For the particle size separation high-volume cascade impactor Hi-Vol BGI 900 was used. PAHs were determined by HPLC-FLD/PDA. In Ostrava in 2012 during the winter inversion (up to -25 řC), mean concentration of 13 PAHs in aerosol was 432 ng.m-3 ; in fraction 10 - 1 µm 119 ng.m-3 , 1 - 0,5 µm 185 ng.m-3 , 0,5 - 0,17 µm 91 ng.m-3 , in fraction < 0,17 µm 37 ng.m-3 and in the gaseous phase of min. 40 ng.m-3 . In the most unfavorable day 2. 2. 2012 (-18.6 ř C) reached the 24-hour average of 13 PAHs 890 ng.m-3 , the sum of carcinogenic PAHs 237 ng.m-3 and benzo(a)pyrene 32.3 ng.m-3 . An irregular and different decline of PAHs concentrations after inversion was measured: in fraction 1 - 10 µm 2.8 times, 0.5 - 1 µm 4.2 times, 0.5 - 0.17 µm 4 times and for <0.17 µm up to 7.6 times....
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Numerical model of inhalation
Milanovic, Selena ; Zezulka, František (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
Evropská legislativa požaduje snížení počtu zvířat zapojených do laboratorních testů. Současně je známo velmi málo o sekundárních účincích plynných látek (např. Deodorantů, čisticích sprejů) používaných denně v každé domácnosti. Na základě těchto potřeb byla provedena analýza transportu a reziduí částic v dýchacích cestách. Studie byla provedena ve dvou částech: teoretická část - simulace CFD, praktická část ověření. Experimentální část výzkumu je založen na modulu simulátoru plic i-Lung. Modul může být použit i jako pasivní i aktivní simulátor plic.
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Evaluation of cutting fluids aerosol contamination of working environment during metal turning
Svoboda, Svetozár ; Mukhametzianova, Leisan (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
The thesis deals with the contamination of the workspace with a liquid aerosol, which is generated by scattering and evaporation of the cooling fluid. Cooling fluid are primarily intended to lubricate, cool and clean the tool and the workpiece, but the unwanted side effect is the formation of a liquid aerosol that holds in the air of the workspace. In such a contaminated work environment, the operator is exposed to a certain dose of a liquid aerosol that causes dermatological and respiratory problems. The topic of the thesis was to find out the number of particles of liquid aerosol that arises under varying working conditions and its dispersion in space. This amount was determined by image analysis using a high-speed camera.
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Inhalers and nebulizers for medical use
Mišík, Ondrej ; Tuhovčák, Ján (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
This work provides a research study of inhalation systems, their history, development and current forms. It clarifies the principles of common inhalation technology and focuses on the reasons of their research and their innovations. It focuses on the impact of particle size on inhalation therapy. The experimental part of this work deals with the measurement of particle size distributions administered from selected inhalers and determination of respiratory fractions.
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Atmospheric particles and their measurement
Kantor, Radek ; Elcner, Jakub (referee) ; Bělka, Miloslav (advisor)
The aim of this work is to find out what aerosols are, what properties they possess and how they can be measured. In today’s age, the term particles in the atmosphere, is highly talked about because it is known, that particles in the air can be inhaled and cause health problems. By measuring properties of particles from different sources, we can find out the danger level of such particles. One sample was measured by several different techniques and analyzed. Thanks to this analysis we can determine size distribution of particles and then their possible danger.
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Analysis of inhaled particles deposition in a model of human lungs
Miček, Adam ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
Správne pochopenie depozície aerosólu a jeho správania v dýchacích cestách človeka je nevyhnutné pre zabezpečenie efektívneho podávania medikamentov a ochranu zdravia. Táto bakalárska práca analyzuje usadzovanie 1 µm častíc, v realistickom a idealizovanom modely pľúc na základe dát získaných pozitrónovou emisnou tomografiou (PET) a počítačovou tomografiou (CT). Dáta z PET a CT skenerov boli nahrané do softvéru Carimas 2.0, ktorý bol použitý na získanie hodnôt objemovej rádioaktivity. Získané hodnoty boli skorigované a následne boli vypočítané depozičné charakteristiky. Výsledky boli okomentované a porovnané s predchádzajúcimi štúdiami. Vhodnosť spôsobu analýzy a výpočtov bola kontrolovaná opakovanou analýzou dát a taktiež zopakovaním celého postupu analýzy nezávislou zaškolenou osobou, čím bola potvrdená stabilita a vhodnosť tejto metódy. Popísaný postup môže slúžiť ako podpora pri spracovávaní PET a CT skenov v programe Carimas. Podrobné informácie o depozícii a niekoľko depozičných charakteristík môžu slúžiť pre porovnania s budúcimi štúdiami, experimentmi alebo môžu byť použité pri validácii dát pre počítačom modelovanú depozíciu. Na základe výsledkov môžeme tvrdiť, že hlavným depozičným mechanizmom pre realistický model pľúc je zotrvačný mechanizmus a zmena prietoku aerosólu idealizovaným modelom má len veľmi malý vplyv na depozíciu.
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Aerosol in indoor microenviroment of homes
Pařík, Radim ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
This literature review is composed of resources from Web of Science. The study deals with problematics of the indoor air pollution of homes. It is focused on the aerosol, especially PM2,5 particles, which present the biggest danger for human health. This work points out the analysis of indoor and outdoor emission sources, distribution of particles, levels of pollution in the different geografical, social and cultural regions and health effects of these particles. Key words: aerosol, homes, indoor environment, air quality, fine particles
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