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Combined heat and biogas production using a bioreactor
Novák, David ; Radil, Lukáš (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the bioreactor system and its use for the production of heat and biogas. The bioreactor uses the composting and metanogation process of fermentation that humanity has known for hundreds of years, but the combination of these processes is a relatively unexplored area. The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes the existing possibilities of utilization of the heat generated in the compost, and also describes the used technology of small biogas stations and other small systems for biogas production. It follows the practical part of the work, when it was the task to design a bioreactor working at low temperatures during the winter. Part of the solution is the initial design and testing of the basic test structure of the bioreactor, followed by the implementation of a more advanced and more complex system, including a control and measuring center realized by a microcontroller.
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Návrh opatření ke zvýšení efektivity BPS v Brance (ZD Čechtice) a hodnocení vlivu BPS na životní prostředí
KADLEČEK, Ondřej
This bachelor thesis focused on biogas plant technology. It describes biogas, its formation and its utilization. It discuses factors which influence efficiency of biogas plants along with suitability and preparation o the substrate used for biogas production. Furthermore it discuss digestate and assesses enviromental impact of a biogas plant. Within the conlusion is performance enhancement of a biogas plant in Chotýčany, description of biogas plant in Braňka Čechtice and a proposal for its performance enhacement.
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The development of consumtion of rewewable energy sources in the Czech republic after 2000
Mrůzková, Veronika ; Dvořák, Antonín (advisor) ; Hadrabová, Alena (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the consumption of renewable energy sources in the Czech republic thesis is divided into three parts, first chapter is theoretical and the second and the third are practical. The theoretical part deals with these terms: renewable energy sources, working of each of chosen sources and the suitability of chosen source in the Czech republic. Second chapter covers specific terms such as extension of each chosen source in the Czech republic, granted subsidies for renewable energy sources and total costs of these subsidies. The reason of extention of renewable energy sources can be found in this chapter. Last chapter descibes technical and economical characteristics of chosen biogas plant. It also evaluates the investment by using different methods such as cash flow, NPV, IRR or payback period. This chapter contains sensitivity analysis too. This analysis shows how sensitive are the costs of biogas plant.
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Model optimizing of the biogas plant operation after testing operational phases
Raška, David ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Biogasplants are installations for converting of biomass to produce biogas, which is a valuable energy source if a proper management of ananaerobic process is kept. In the Czech Republic are mainly agricultural biogas plants. This workis focused on evaluation of data obtained from a specific biogas plant, which islocated in the town Úpice. This plant processes biodegradable waste. Data are evaluated qualitatively, also with use of cluster analysis using statistical program R as well as by a proposed linear regression models in Matlab software. Results were applied for suggestins of several measures for the management of biogas plant and for creation of non-linea rregression model, which can be further developed. . Keywords: Biogas, plant, anaerobic, fermentation, biodegradable, waste, data analysis, differential model
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MODEL OPTIMIZING OF THE BIOGAS PLANT OPERATION
Raška, David ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Zíková, Naděžda (referee)
Biogas plants are installations for converting of biomass to produce biogas, which is a valuable energy source if a proper management of an anaerobic process is kept. In the Czech Republic are mainly agricultural biogas plant. This work is focused on evaluation of data obtained from a specific biogas plant, which is located in the town Úpice. This plant processes biodegradable waste. The aim of this study was to determine which waste processed are beneficial for the production of biogas. The Data were analyzed by statistical program R. The method used was cluster analysis. For comparsion of clusters was used ANOVA method (analysis of variance). The results of data analysis showed a positive effect on the production of biogas by waste from industrial processing of potatoes, grass and corn silage, rumen contents and dairy waste. Key words: Biogas, plant, anaerobic, fermentation, biodegradable, waste, data analysis
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The production of biofuels and regional development: case study Mohelnicko
Rozmanová, Jana ; Jančák, Vít (advisor) ; Hrabák, Jiří (referee)
The aim of thesis is to capture and analyze changes, which were caused by the construction of two biogas stations in the study area Mohelnicko. In the thesis is described process of anaerobic digestation, biogas basic elements and their development in the country. The next section of thesis analyze changes in maize area as the main raw material of agricultural biogas plants and collecting areas in the study area. The following is a survey among the inhabitants of the village Třeština, which investigates the impact on the lives of the community and regional development. The conclusion summarizes the results and their evaluation.
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Zvýšení efektivity zemědělské bioplynové stanice "Měčín" v okrese Klatovy
MACH, Stanislav
The thesis deals with growing methods of silage corn for subsequent use in a biogas plant in order to increase the efficiency of a biogas plant. There are compared three methods of growing this crop. As a main indicator comparing the different methods of cultivation was a net profit from 1 hectare yield and the profit from green mass in tons from 1 hectare. A classic growing technology was compared with two modern technologies that take into account anti erosion techniques.
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Fermentation remainder treatment in a biogas plant
Budín, Oto ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with dewatering technologies of fermentation residues from biogas plants and aims to design an integration of selected technology into the biogas plant. Fermentation residues (or digestate), which are a by-product of anaerobic biomass fermentation in biogas plants, contain a certain amount of nutrients and are usually used as agricultural fertilizers. However, the high-water content in digestate and the associated low nutrient concentration increase the cost of its storage and transport. Dewatering of fermented material could help reduce these costs. The main part of this work included the design of an integration of the selected dewatering technology into the biogas plant – its placement in a process, an addition of necessary appliances, the influence on material and energy flows. In this case, the fermentation residues are processed in two phases. First, a separation of the solid and the liquid fraction by a screw press. The second step is to thicken the liquid digestate by evaporation in a multistage evaporator. Evaluation of the design of a dewatering technology, including its impact on the economy of the biogas plant, is also part of the diploma thesis.
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Equipment for Thickening Waste Water from Biogas Plants
Vondra, Marek ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Hoffman,, Pavel (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
This dissertation thesis deals with the development of technology which could tackle two major issues related to biogas plants. These issues concern the insufficient use of waste heat from biogas combustion and its subsequent processing. It also concerns the use of the fermentation residues which are formed in large quantities and whose use is restricted by law. Based on a literary search of separation methods, a vacuum evaporator was selected as the most suitable technology. Its advantages include its simple construction, operational reliability and robustness, low costs of thickening medium pre-treatment, potential for a quick commercial application and, especially, the chance to use a low-potential waste heat. A primary purpose of this technological unit is the reduction in the volume of fermentation residues. Other benefits include the efficient use of waste heat from a biogas plant, which would otherwise be wasted. Evaporators with a low consumption of electrical energy (which is a main product of a biogas plant) seem to be the best option for applications in the biogas plants. Three of these technologies were subjected to a more thorough analysis, which included the development of computational models and their quantification for conditions in a sample biogas plant. A one-stage evaporator with a forced circulation (680 – 712 kWhth/m3, 25.9 – 30.5 kWhel/m3) was evaluated as the least suitable option in terms of energy demands. The energy intensity of a three-stage evaporator with a falling film (241 – 319 kWhth/m3, 12.0 – 23.6 kWhel/m3) and a nine-stage flash evaporator (236 – 268 kWhth/m3, 13.6 – 18.4 kWhel/m3) is significantly lower. A multi-stage flash evaporator (MSF) was then chosen for development and will form the central focus of this thesis. The reasons for the choice are as follows: the low requirements on the heat transfer surface, good operational experience in the field of desalination, its simple construction, modularity and evaporation outside the heat transfer surface. A thorough technical-economic evaluation was also performed on the integration of the evaporator into the biogas plant. The main part of the work included the experimental development of a MSF evaporator prototype. The main objective of this development was to achieve a stable flow rate of the thickening liquid digestate fraction and the continuous formation of the distillate. This was not an easy objective to achieve, especially due to the properties of the liquid digestate, which has a non-newtonian characteristic and increased density and viscosity compared to water. The tendency of the liquid digestate to form foam was also the subject of analysis. The development of the evaporator and first successful operational test are described in the thesis in detail. This required the use of an anti-foaming product. A fully-developed prototype of the MSF evaporator allowed us to achieve continuous operation with a distillate production, reaching from 5 to 10 kg/h at a liquid digestate flow rate of 0.4–0.5 m3/h. The main drawback of this technology is the pollution of the distillate with ammonia nitrogen, and it is for this reason that the basic procedures of its subsequent elimination was selected for further analysis.
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