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The analysis of movie characters of cyborg-woman from the perspective of the postmodern and post-theoretical approaches to the body and the identity constitution.
Bubeníčková, Kateřina ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
The thesis focuses on the analysis of the basic types of the film characters portraying artificial women: creatures who combine "femininity" (humanity) and technology, and who show female sexual characteristics or features that are stereotypically perceived as female-like (e.g. female cyborgs, female androids, female robots). The characters are analyzed and approached from the perspective of postmodern philosophy and post-theory studies; the forming of their body and identity is analyzed on the account of the narrative. The aim of the thesis is to explore whether the film representations of female cyborgs are similar to real cyborgs in the sense that they bring liberalization from the point if view of posthumanism and cyberfeminism, or whether they can only be perceived as the prime form of the Foucaltian body-as-machine, i.e. perfectly controllable precise technicist bodies which are created by the current power dispositions. The characters are divided into four categories, based on their predominant physical and "social" functions: a sexbot, a domesticated artificial woman, a destructive artificial woman and an emotional/intelligent artificial woman. The following identification and interpretation of the body, identity, relationships and the narrative structures are based on the theoretical...
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The Naturalization of Consciousness and the Meaning of Subjectivity
Toráčová, Pavla ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee) ; Marvan, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis deals with the problem of the existence of consciousness in the physical world. It denies the approach that is prevailing in the contemporary philosophy of mind that treats the phenomenal consciousness and intentionality separately. The position held in this thesis is to claim that the phenomenal character of consciousness and intentionality are inseparable and that it is impossible to understand the former without understanding the latter, and vice versa. The problem of the existence of consciousness in the physical world is viewed as the problem of the existence of (conscious) intentionality in the physical world. With the aim to achieve an analysis of intentionality that would keep its phenomenal character and the first person point of view, and, at the same time, shed light on its realization in the physical world, thoughts of Peter Strawson, G. E. M. Anscombe, Tim Crane, Colin McGinn and John Searle are discussed. The result is an outline of intentionality that allows to explain the fundamental level of intentionality as a physical process and the higher levels of intentionality as a development of the fundamental level. Two principles are crucial for this approach: the development of intentionality from the fundamental level to the higher level is comprehensible only if we keep the...
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Pre-reflexive Self-relation of Consciousness and Constitution of the "Ego". Husserl and Sartre
Matoušek, Josef ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
The study concentrates on possible connection between phenomenological thought of Edmund Husserl and Jean-Paul Sartre by focusing on the way by which each of them frames pre-reflexive self-awareness of consciousness and its role in the process of constitution of the identity of the "Ego" as a subjective pole. Essential motivation derives from the effort of highlighting those moments of Husserl's thinking, which might have been or actually were a source of inspiration for Sartre and the formulation of these concepts in the early stages of his career. Subsequently, the quest is to clarify the scale of this inspiration and to shed some light on the question whether Sartre did not push his constructions over the boundaries of the scientific field set by Husserl. The study also incorporates several of Husserl's works which are in their conclusions tending to go against those presented as a possible source of Sartre's inspiration. That is done in order not to simplify the ambivalence of Husserl's work over the acceptable limit as well as to emphasize the nature of the investigations preferred by Sartre. These investigations lead in his work to the conceptualization of human existence as necessarily free, which is the conclusion of the presented study. Key words: Husserl, Sartre, consciousness,...
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Modern Theories of Consciousness and the Elusiveness of Subjectivity
Košová, Michaela ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
This diploma thesis is concerned with the question of the right conceptual approach towards consciousness. It opens up with the thesis that the crucial characteristic of consciousness - its subjective aspect - is profoundly elusive. To understand the nature of this elusiveness we get a loose inspiration from Karl Jaspers (of the continental tradition) and his idea of "subject-object dichotomy" whose main point is a realisation that the conscious subject is in principle unobjectifiable and can never be properly grasped by objectifying thinking. This main idea is then applied to various modern theories of consciousness (coming from the analytical tradition) in order to explore and demonstrate to what extend each of the theories misses or acknowledges the specific irreducibility of consciousness to objectively describable phenomena. Thus we observe that J. J. C. Smart omits subjectivity from his identity theory altogether since he understands reality as objectively graspable in all its aspects. Colin McGinn comes with an interesting explanation of our problems with grasping consciousness as part of the physical world and asserts that we are "cognitively closed" with respect to the solution of the mind-body problem. However, he concludes that a possible solution delivered in objectifying terms exists...
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Temporality by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. From perception to a historical subject
Turínek, Tomáš ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
The aim of the presented treatise is to give an account on the temporality in the early work of a french phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty, mainly in his principal peace of work Phenomenology of Perception. Merleau-Ponty understands the time here as a movement of temporalization which is coextensive with the existentential movement of the subject itself. On perception, intentionality or memory we will try to demonstrate in what meaning Merleau-Ponty perceive the subject and at the same time what is the role of time in his perceptive, corporeal, pre-reflective relation with a world. Subsequently we will be asking in what sense and to what extent can the time appear to a subjekt, i.e. in what manner can the subject apprehend himself as a historical existence.
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African-American Mothers in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin and Toni Morrison's Beloved
Piňosová, Michaela ; Veselá, Pavla (advisor) ; Ulmanová, Hana (referee)
This BA thesis examines the concept of a black mother as a key figure in the fight for freedom as depicted in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin and further explored in Toni Morrison's Beloved. Stowe's novel presents the idealized concept of motherhood in characters such as Eliza Harris, Aunt Chloe, Mary Bird and Rachel Halliday. These characters represent Stowe's ideology of Christian motherhood, in which the mother acts as a mediator of moral and religious principles in her family and community. To enable the identification of white middle-class female readers with the African-American characters in her novel, Stowe employed a distinctive method of characterization in Uncle Tom's Cabin. One of the main characteristics of her female figures is their ability to perform a maternal role. Mother love is depicted as a universal force, which is common to both white and African-American mothers, and which is equivalent to the love of Christ. Stowe believed that motherhood based on Christian values would free the United States from slavery and rebuild her society. For these reasons, Stowe encouraged white middle-class wives and mothers to present their abolitionist stances in their families and mediate them to their husbands, whose opinions might have been influential in political development in...
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Between Human and Animal. Construction of Dog's Subjectivity
Labusová, Barbora ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Hirschová, Marta (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Between human and animal: Construction of dog's subjectivity"deals with the problem of position of pets, dogs particularly, to the categorisation of human and animal. Its aim is to describe what the manners of stating the dog's subjectivity are, by studying the keeper's behaviour toward their dogs, and to prove that the dogs are beside of the notion of the strict division of culture and society on one side and nature on the other. Theoretically the author relies on the thoughts of researchers, who deal with societies where people don't divide culture and nature and non-humans are endowed with subjectivity, methodologically the thesis is anchored in ethnographic approach. As for the research, the author conducted six interviews with dog -keepers, which were complemented by observation of people and their dogs while dog-walking. The empirical part is focused on the data analysis and the author describes the dog-keepers' behaviour and looking for such behaviour through which people establish dogs' subjectivity. The thesis shows, that people think of their dogs as family members, who are often treated as children and impute them with human personality and abilities. However, people realise, that their pet dog is still the beast. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Subjective and Objective Reasons in Ethics
Šolarová, Anna ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
This text explores the question of reasons for morality and the related issues, particularly the nature and the source of moral motivation. First, I elaborate the metaphysical distinction between subjective and objective, which concerns the status of moral reasons and the extent to which a human agent in involved in their genesis. Next, I raise some questions about moral motivation and I introduce briefly some contemporary views on these issues. Major part of the work is dedicated to the exposition of Kierkegaard's position, which combines subjective motivation for ethics (avoidance of personally perceived symptoms of despair) and objectively grounded reasons for morality (sin). Philosophers interested in moral motivation typically look for fundamental moral principles and compelling arguments in favour of being moral, but Kierkegaard turns the attention of his readers to the task of their own selves. His pseudonyms do not look for an objective moral principle, they show why the ethical life-view is essential for attainment of true selfhood. In this work, I compare some contemporary accounts of moral motivation to Kierkegaard's, I comment critically on some interpretations of Kierkegaard and differentiate between different aspects of reason for choosing the ethical life, implied in his pseudonymous...
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Experiencing of schizophrenia and staying atdepartment of psychiatry
Podstavková, Cecílie ; Goldmann, Petr (advisor) ; Soukupová, Tereza (referee)
A theme of this bachelor thesis is a subjective experience of psychosis and stay at department of psychiatry. The aim of this thesis is to provide a view into psychosis from patients' prism as well as an effort to map their experiences in a certain way by searching for common features. A theoretical part of the thesis outlines a concept of psychosis or more precisely mainly a concept of schizophrenia from several points of view - psychiatric, psychological theories of S. Freud and C. G. Jung, socially developmental, cognitive, constructivist and also alternative point of view. It also briefly deals with issues concerning experience with regard to pathology of psychosis and options of its treatment. An empirical part of the thesis which is based on the author's personal research created using a grounded theory describes experiences of five respondents from psychiatric ward and also experiencing of psychosis focusing on a psychotic episode. The questions in the research are also focused on reasons of hospitalization, individuals' understanding of a situation, influence of psychosis on other people, contribution or disfavour of hospitalization or treatment. Keywords: Psychosis, schizophrenia, experiencing, experience, subjectivity, department of psychiatry, hospitalization, treatment.
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