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Companies in private international law
Cikánek, David ; Brodec, Jan (referee) ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor)
61/73 Nezávisle na tom by mělo být co nejdříve uzavřeno předsevzetí navrhnout nový spolkový zákon o mezinárodním právu soukromém společností, spolků a právnických osob s cílem překlenout rozštěpení německého kolizního práva společností, které trvá.227 7.4. Shrnutí judikatury ESD Závěrem tohoto oddílu bych rád zmínil, jaké důsledky vyvozuje odborná veřejnost z výše uvedených případů ESD a jaké očekává důsledky. Podle české literatury, především podle J. Dědiče a P. Čecha228 se dá očekávat, že nastane nový jev, známý dosud spíše ve Spojených státech amerických, tj. "soutěž právních řádů" (statute shopping). Podle názor, který vyjádřil S. Rameloo229 může: "místní myč oken v Nizozemsku, který svou činnost vykonává pouze v tomto regionu, využívat formu anglické private limited company…" Kvůli tomu nastaly v oblasti hmotného práva ES v oblasti práva společností obrovské změny usilující o to, učinit tuto oblast práva konkurenceschopnou v rámci ES. V této soutěži bude nejatraktivnější taková právní úprava, která bude pro investory nejvyváženější z hlediska rizik a ochrany investic věřitelů. Dosud je úprava práva společností přeplněna ochranou různých skupin (ať už minoritních společníků, zaměstnanců, atd.) a tuto ochranu je potřeba snížit, v tomto ohledu je ale třeba postupovat velmi opatrně i za cenu kompromisů....
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The importance of NGOs in the field of providing services to asylum seekers in the Czech republic
Tomášková, Lucie ; Nový, Jan (advisor) ; Balcarová, Jitka (referee)
The first part of the theoretical section deals with terminology, international agreements related to refugees and providing asylum. In the second part, czech asylum law is described. There is also a brief description of the topic of providing services to asylum seekers from the standpoint of the Czech state. The practical part contains interview with refugees and representatives of NGOs working in the asylum field. The goal of this research is to find out if the services which are expected from NGOs are being provided.
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State intervention in the performance of parental responsibility and prevention
Carvanová, Petra ; Dvořák, Jan (referee) ; Radvanová, Senta (advisor)
65 Government's intervention into the exercise of parental responsibility and its prevention The title of my thesis is government's intervention into the exercise of parental responsibility and its prevention. The concept of parental responsibility was introduced to our legal order by the law No. 91/1998 Coll, the novel of Family Act (law No 94/1963 Coll). The institute of parental responsibility is understood to be a summary of the fundamental parental rights and obligations, which are belonged by parents in relation to their minor child. Parental responsibility is understood to be an aggregate of rights and duties relating to care of any minor child of the parents. This parental responsibility includes in particular care for its health, physical, emotional, intellectual and moral develompent, parents' representation of their minor child and managing a minor child's property. The government's intervention is understood as significant intervention into parental rights and obligations, which could be done only when the conditions stated in the legal act are performed. As for conditions we understand that child's rights and interest is endangered or already breached and the family is not able to fulfill its main function anymore. According to the Convention on the rights of the child from 1989 the state is...
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Comparative advertisemenet - the development of its regulation in Czech law
Šmukařová, Kateřina ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Horáček, Vít (advisor)
Resumé The aim of the thesis "Comparative advertising - the development of its regulation in Czech law" is to analyze the development of comparative advertising in the Czech legislation, to make a comparison with the EU legislation and to examine development trends in comparative advertising. The thesis is divided into four key parts. First part discusses general issues of comparative advertising, ways of comparison in advertising, understanding of comparative advertising in the past and general regulation of advertising. Second part of the thesis analyses development trends in the Czech regulation of comparative advertising. This part analyzes two key phases - understanding of comparative advertising before and after accepting the amendment of the Commercial Code (1st January 2001) that introduced explicit regulation of comparative advertising. The thesis evaluates compatibility of conditions of permeability in the Commercial Code to the ones in the EU directive, assesses strictness of the conditions and examines the relationship of comparative advertising to other explicitly regulated types of the unfair competition in the Commercial Code. In relation to the requirement of the single regulation of the comparative advertising in the EU it is possible to evaluate the regulation in the Commercial Code -...
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Concentration of proceedings in civil procedure
Benetková, Renáta ; Smolík, Petr (advisor) ; Zoulík, František (referee)
- 63 - KAPITOLA 7 ZÁVĚR Civilní soudní řízení se za posledních dvacet let stalo relativně běžnou součásti života naší společnosti a počet lidí, kteří se s ním již v praxi setkali, stále vzrůsá s tím, jak se zvyšuje obecné povědomí o možnostech ochrany subjektivních práv prostřednictvím justice. Ne však každý, kdo se účastní soudního procesu, si osvojuje znalost svých procesních práv a povinností, které vyplývají z právních předpisů. Důvodem je na jedné straně přetrvávající neochota a pasivita účastníků řízení, kteří očekávají, že budou soudem vedeni procesem bez vlastní invence, na druhé straně je však vinna také přílišná složitost procesních norem, které jsou laikům mnohdy nesrozumitelné. Také v procesním právu platí obecné právní zásady jako vigilantibus iura scripta sunt nebo ignorantia legis non excusat, které ovšem v souvislosti s procesním právem znamenají podle mého názoru především pomoc dovést účastníka k základnímu vědomí, že se střetává na půdě soudu s právem nejen hmotným, kvůli kterému vlastně přišel, ale i s právem procesním, které má svá pravidla a zásady, jež je nutno ctít a respektovat, neboť v opačném případě se vystavuje riziku, že se vlastní vinou nedomůže svého práva. Mělo by platit, že kdo se chce vyhnout zklamání prohraného procesu kvůli neznalosti procesních pravidel, měl by mít...
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Counselling to comit a crime as a form of complicity
Vykoukalová, Kateřina ; Herczeg, Jiří (advisor) ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (referee)
The purpose of my thesis, called "Instigation to a crime as a form of complicity", is to analyze all aspects related to police provocation, which may be defined as an intentional, active incitement of other person to commit a criminal activity which they would not have otherwise committed. The aim of this work is to find answers especially to these questions: What does the term "police provocation" mean? What are legal consequences of using police provocation? Is it legal to use police provocation as a way of investigation in a democratic state like the Czech Republic? Where is the border between lawful and unlawful acting of undercover agent? Which other methods could be used instead of police provocation? It seems necessary to show this topic in broader context, that is why the first chapter focuses on complicity to a crime. In this chapter, the most important aspects of complicity, such as definition of complicity, conditions of criminal liability for complicity or sentencing of complicity, are described. Complicity to a crime itself consists of three different forms - organizing of a crime, instigation to a crime and aiding to a crime, however, chapter two concentrates only on instigation. Since instigator can be defined as a person who instigate another to commit a crime, there is a close connection...
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Liability for damage caused by a defective product
Gajdoš, Adam ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
114 Resume - Liability for Defective Products (Product Liability) This study deals with the subject of product liability law. This is a growing area in which manufacturers and suppliers are finding themselves more and more responsible for the quality of their products and for the consequences flowing from any defects therein. There is a growing amount of litigation throughout the world tackling the problems arising from the safety of products. These laws take into account the manufacturing process, the transportation, storage and delivery of goods, the intended use of products, their fitness for such purpose, and any warning or instructions as to use given to consumers and end- users. Injuries caused by products began to give rise to serious policy concerns in the second half of the 20th century, when the combined effect of increasingly sophisticated consumer products automated large-scale production processes and modern distribution chains left the end-user in a difficult position. The end-user was purchasing a product not from the manufacturer directly, but from a retailer who might stand a number of steps away from the manufacturer in the distribution chain. The complex processes of product development and manufacture were internal to the manufacturer and thus unknown to the end-user and probably to the...
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The informed consent of a patient
Semrád, Václav ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sovová, Olga (referee)
58 Informed Consent of Patient 8 Summary Informed consent of patient is as a legal concept excercised in health service on daily basis. Its importance for consumers of medical services oscillates from trivial act that does not require any special attention to crucial decisions, that shall determine further period of patient's life. Significance of cosnent is given by nature of medical situation with which particular patient comes across. Current legal framework is based on both-international and national rules of law. The first are represented by International Convention218 that stipulates fundamental principles, the latter more specificaly elaborates further details of the whole concept. Consent on patient with medical intervention historicaly went through several stages. In the course of own developement was closely related to providing the patient with information. In ancient and medieval times was not usuall that physician informed his patient comprehensively. Means of treatment and their efficiency were rather limited and many diseases and injuries that recent medicine considers as curable lead often to fatal consquences. Maintenance of faith and resolution of patient to fight with adversity seemed to be crucial within such conditions. As a condition of medical intervention was consent introduced by...
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Electronic trade and private international law with special regard to entering into contracts
Peterková, Kateřina ; Brodec, Jan (referee) ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor)
1 Electronic Commerce and Private International Law (with Special Focus on Contract Formation Process) Summary in English language Technologies through which we are able to conclude a contract and carry out business are evolving by unbelievable speed. Legislators all over the world are unable to keep up with such a development usually because the legislative process is a long-term one, they come across absolutely new problems and they have to find new ways to deal with them. The current effective norms governing electronic commerce are often insufficient. They deal only with parts of the problems arising in connection to electronic commerce. Most of them were enacted in times when internet was the only mean of contracting and therefore they are not applicable to new technologies like mobile phones or PDA ect. One of the biggest legal problems arising in connection with new technologies is caused by their borderless. The users are contracting through borders easily because they are not obvious in traditional way. There appears a new question where are the borders in the cyberspace? And are there any? And hand in hand with this issue goes the problem of determining the governing law for these contracts and court that has jurisdiction to hear a case when a dispute arise. Shortly said the new borderless media...
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Loopholes in statute and contract law
Voda, Jiří ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Kysela, Jan (referee)
56 poukazovat na zanedbání péče ze strany ošetřujícího lékaře, tedy na postup non lege artis216 . V krajním případě by byl lékař vystaven i riziku trestního stíhání217 případně občanskoprávní žalobě na náhradu škody. V případě soudního řešení celé věci bude na zdravotnickém zařízení, aby prokázalo existenci informovaného nesouhlasu. Z tohoto pohledu se jeví jako klíčové, zda byla řádně vedena zdravotnická dokumentace a bude dostupný písemný (byť jak naznačeno výše i třeba nepodepsaný) negativní revers. Pokud bude písemné zachycení reversu nedostupné (např. proto, že se dokument ztratil), lze jej stále prokázat svědecky, nicméně důkazní pozice zdravotnického zařízení tím bude zcela jistě oslabena. Za nesouhlas pacienta s navrhovanou zdravotní péčí se nepovažuje situace, kdy je lékařem doporučen určitý léčebný postup, ale zároveň jsou uvedeny určité reálné alternativy a pacient se rozhodne pro jinou možnost než tu, jež doporučil lékař. V takovém případě jde o pouhou svobodnou volbu mezi dostupnými možnostmi. Pro postavení lékaře by bylo v takové situaci vhodné, aby pacient podepsal informovaný souhlas, v němž by pacientova volba jiné než doporučované alternativy byla zanesena. 7 Závěr Cílem právní úpravy informovaného souhlasu se zákrokem je dosáhnout určitého stupně ochrany práv pacientů. Pozitivní právo...
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