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The influence of management on biodiversity of vertebrates model groups {--} small mammals.
KOUTNÍKOVÁ, Lenka
This thesis creates a part of more extensive scientific study, which evaluates effects of different agricultural management on ecological functions and on landscapes´s water regime in source water areas of Bohemian Forest. A one of examined characteristic of catchment is biodiversity of plant and animal communities. The aim of my thesis is a comparsion of diversity of small terrestrial mammals in three catchments with similar nature conditions, but different management. Small terrestrial mammals is a group of vertebrates often used for study of enviromental state, because of their high reprodctive potential, good invasive ability and ability to indicate the changes in environmental quality. The master thesis is a follow-up to a previous bachelor thesis and extends it significantly. A teoretical part involves literary review of small mammals´s occurrence in Bohemian Forest, their micro-habitat preferences and the effect of management on the biodiversity of their communities. Practical part of the thesis contains evaluation of the results of capture-mark-release trapping, which took place from June to September of the years 2007 and 2009. In those two years 52 individuals were captured. From this amount, 7 individuals were captured twice. Captured small mammals were included into 5 species, whose occurrence in studied localities was expected. There were yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis - 22 individuals), field vole (Microtus agrestis - 6 individuals), common vole (Mircotus arvalis - 10 individuals), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus {--} 2 individuals) and common shrew (Sorex araneus - 5 individuals). In the Bukový potok catchment 20 individuals were captured in 2007 and only 2 individuals in 2009. They belong to species: Apodemus flavicollis, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus. In catchment of Mlýnský potok no individual was captured in 2007 and 10 individuals of only one species (Mircotus arvalis) were captured in 2009. In Horský potok catchment 5 individuals were captured in 2007 and 8 individuals in 2009. Three species were found: Apodemus flavicollis, Microtus agrestis, Clethrionomys glareolus a Sorex araneus. The largest positive change of abundance between 2007 and 2009 was found in the Mlýnský potok catchment. The largest fall of abundanace was in the catchment of Bukový potok. Only in catchment of Horský potok the relatively stable abundance was noticed. The thesis was supported by projects: MSM 6007665806, NAZV-QH82106 a NPV2-2B08006.
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Impact of Public Sector Efficiency on Economic Growth
Bartoň, Daniel ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
Public sector efficiency is considered an important component of economic growth. The study describes and quantifies the impact of public sector efficiency on economic growth, capital investment and human capital accumulation in the sample of selected European countries in the years 1995--2012. According to our results, the amount of output is affected by the quality of the administrative system and enforceability of property rights. The negative impact of inefficiency on long-term growth was however not clearly proved. Tax burden, regulation and functionality of property rights seem to be the main investment determinants.
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Pension system reforms in OECD countries, with a focus on Central and Eastern Europe: Study 5.303
Cupalová, Marcela
Práce analyzuje reformy penzijních systémů tak, jak byly realizovány v zemích OECD, a to jak parametrické, tak také hlubší systémové reformy, které ovšem byly provedeny jen v některých zemích. Dále se zaměřuje na země střední a východní Evropy, které prošly reformním procesem teprve v nedávných letech. Dochází k názoru, že penzijní systémy zemí střední a východní Evropy vykazují výrazné známky podobnosti, ačkoli v rámci jednotlivých pilířů existují i podstatné rozdíly, které souvisí s mírou liberalizace penzijních systémů (druhý pilíř) a možností volby forem akumulace penzijního kapitálu v třetím pilíři. Největší rozdíly existují v rámci třetího pilíře. Zde existuje několik možných forem akumulace penzijního kapitálu, která je vždy dobrovolná. Práce se také zabývá projekcí vývoje veřejných výdajů v oblasti penzí.
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Hydrological regime of the upper Lužnice river
Svoboda, Pavel ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this paper is evaluation of hydrological regime of the upper part of Lužnice River basin. Upper stream of the Lužnice river represents low intensity of modification. Larger part of the river is a meandering stream with many ponds and pools in the floodplain where the safe retention of water during floods is possible. First part of this paper focus on detailed area hydrography description. The main part concentrates to hydrological regime. The methodology of this research is based on statistical evaluation of the longtime data series from the Pilař station. Flood events and dry periods are analyzed during the past 46 years. Detailed discharge measurements (realized in this area by Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology) are used for recent flood evaluations. Higher occurrence of floods and dry periods was identified in the past 10 years.
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The chemistry of atmospheric deposition at selected locations of Zlin Region
Zádrapová, Dagmar ; Vach, Marek (advisor) ; Sychová, Petra (referee)
Atmospheric and environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is nowadays one of the major environmental topics. Even though some of the heavy metals represent important trace elements for most of the organisms, their danger lies particularly in their toxicity which occurs even with little concentrations of the element, as well as their ability of bioaccumulation in food chains (Braniš, 2011). The sources of heavy metals in the atmosphere have natural and anthropogenic origin, however most of the emissions originate from the anthropogenic ones. Contamination of the atmosphere has a global character. Starting back in the 1970s, there has been a continuous reduction of heavy metal emissions in Europe (Pacyna, 2007). According to ČHMÚ (2015), one of the most polluted areas in the Czech Republic is currently Ostrava/Karviná/Frýdek-Místek agglomeration.
The aim of this thesis is to analyse and assess the results of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) measurement in total atmospheric deposition, which had been collected at selected localities in Zlin Region. The localities were chosen based on an assumption that the building density can impact the composition of the atmospheric deposition and its potential contamination with heavy metals due to the presence of combustions from residential units. Bulk collectors were chosen for this research and they were continuously exposed at the localities and therefore apart from liquid vertical precipitation, the samples contained also a non-defined amount of dry deposition.
The results of the measurement did not firmly confirm the original hypothesis. Incidence of most of the metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) was only minor. An enormously high concentration of Cd and Pb occurred in one of the samples, but not repeatedly during next sampling period. This can be considered an extreme which happened because of a random cause.
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TARGET 2 a krize platební bilance v Eurozóně
Vilímovský, Petr ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Jakl, Jakub (referee)
This thesis aims to analyse the connection between the Eurozone's balance of payments crisis and the TARGET 2 balances. These balances represent mutual clearing relationship of the individual euro area member states to the European Central Bank inside the TARGET 2 system, which serves as a heart of the Eurozone's payment settlements. In fact, the central banks of the core countries hold significant positive balances while the peripheral central banks accumulated substantial negative positions. The TARGET 2 balances appeared mainly as a consequence of the liquidity outflow from the peripheral countries to the core due to the large imbalances in fundamental factors such as the NCA deficits, net foreign debt, public and private debt or competitiveness. The development of the balances was further facilitated via uneven liquidity provisions from the Eurosystem, as the peripheral countries effectively financed their balance of payments disequilibrium by issuing new liquidity that almost immediately moved to the core. The banking systems of the core started to operate in the liquidity excess status as the monetary base increased in 2011 and 2012. Assets with questionable quality collateralized the increasing refinancing operations in the periphery as the collateral requirements were repeatedly lowered. It resulted in an increase in the credit risk of these operations primarily in the periphery countries. This situation, among many others presented in this thesis, raises further questions about the parameters of the future single monetary policy as well as the continuance of the European monetary union.
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Acid/base character of dissolved organic carbon in soil and surface waters
Vanerová, Zuzana ; Hruška, Jakub (advisor) ; Kaňa, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with acid-base properties of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which markedly affect chemistry of surface and soil water in mountain catchments. It describes long-term trends of acid-base character of organic acids (humic and fulvic acids) in two acid-impacted peaty catchments Tajga and Černý potok in Slavkov Forest, western Czech Republic between 1993 - 2010. Area was significantly acidified by sulfur emission from coal-burning power plants in the region which burned coal with a high content of sulfur (1 - 15 %). These power plants were desulphurized between 1994 - 1999 and observed changes are significantly affected by decrease of strong mineral acids atmospheric deposition. Changes during the period 2006 - 2010 were also studied in soil waters from Načetín in Ore Mountains. There are three forest stands - spruce, beech and limed spruce stand. Limed spruce stand was limed in August 2007. For an evaluation of similarity of acid/base character of DOC samples from Sweden, Portorico and Congo were also taken. Many studies examined DOC acid/base character using different analytical methods. These methods produced different and hardly comparable results. In this work rightness, reproducibility and errors of one of these methods - titration after transfering acids to H+ cycle - was tested. Method...
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The current and accumulated public debt of Italy between 2007 and 2012 – problems and their solution status
Forejtková, Jana ; Karpová, Eva (advisor) ; Němcová, Ingeborg (referee)
The objective of the diploma thesis is to analyze the current and accumulated public debt of Italy during period of financial and economic crisis between 2008 and 2012 with emphasis on problems and status of their solution. The paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the theoretical introduction of the issue of public budgets. The second chapter describes the developement of the italian economy and the main macroeconomic indicators by 2007. The third chapter deals with the development of macroeconomic indicators between 2007 and 2012 with emphasis on the development of the balance of public budgets and on the accumulated public debt. Last chapter is focused on the measures approved by italian government as a result of a fight against high indebtedness. The next section describes scenarios for the development and proposed solutions.
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The evaluation of land use changes in last 50 years in the catchment of Jeninsky stream.
CEPÁK, Martin
It is in human nature to adapt the environment for his needs and wishes. Politics, technology and society as a whole went trough dramatic changes in Czech Republic in last 50 years. These changes approved naturally on land utilization too. This research is focused on the evalution of land use changes in last 50 years in the catchment of Jenínský stream. The research is based on photogrammetric scans from years 1952, 1974 and 2005. Polygon maps of land use in GIS were elaborated from these scans. Outputs of these maps were subsequently analysed and mutually compared.
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