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Development of self-sufficiency in patients with hydrocephalus
Brindová, Jana ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
Thesis entitled Development of self-sufficiency in patients with hydrocephalus is divided into two parts. The first part contains a theoretical treatment of the subject. There is discussed the issue of hydrocephalus and the issue of self-sufficiency in self-care. In hydrocephalus, the author first examines in detail the anatomy of the cerebral ventricles and the creation, composition and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. The following is a detailed discussion about the nature of the disease itself, its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Finally, there is analyzed the quality of life of patients with this disease. In the area of self- sufficiency, the author focuses on the very concept of self-sufficiency, starting with a general description of this term and continuously moving towards a description of its different aspects with regard to movement and physical activity the patient, his clothing and hygiene, emptying the urine and stool and nutrition. The second part is conceived as an empirical. There are evaluated, what was found by using a questionnaire survey. The author examines whether the patients were improved after surgery in specific areas of self-sufficiency, and if so, to what extent. Areas examined are self-sufficiency in food, hygiene, emptying, walking and dressing....
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Assessment of activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer disease in clinical practice
Martínek, Pavel ; Bartoš, Aleš (advisor)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very frequent disorder. There are about 150 thousand people living with AD in the Czech Republic. The diagnostic criteria require not only the evaluation of cognitive abilities (e.g. memory), but also the activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this thesis is to describe the concept of ADL and to provide the information about its assessment in the patients with AD. It also describes the scales for ADL assessment available in the Czech Republic and abroad. The assessment of ADL is useful for the diagnosis of AD and its prodromal stages, for the evaluation of treatment effects or disease progression, for its staging, to estimate the caregiver burden, and for other purposes. The best way to assess ADL in the clinical setting is the administration of structured questionnaires to the caregiver of the patient. The thesis provides a list of 14 ADL questionnaires and a brief information about each of them. Together with my tutor, we have translated three ADL scales (FAQ-CZ, DAD-CZ and BADLS-CZ) into Czech language during my student scientific activity. These scales were given to 47 caregivers of the patients with clinical probable AD according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The cognitive abilities of the patients were measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination. It proved to be...
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The Use of the Allowance for Care by the Elderly in 2010-2011
VÍTOVÁ, Jaroslava
This thesis deals with the issue of assessing seniors' needs in relation to the urgency of their admission into a residential care facility. Act No. 108/2006 on social services has significantly changed the way people can obtain necessary assistance. Now it is possible to purchase social services thanks to a social welfare benefit in form of an attendance allowance. There was an assumption that if there is a development in field social work, seniors will remain in their natural environment and therefore the interest in residential care facilities for older people will lower. However, this assumption was not met. The number of senior citizens interested in retirement homes greatly exceeds the capacity of individual facilities. When we assess the needs of seniors related to admission to a residential facility, such need is perceived as an insufficiency. If we get rid of this need or provide support to satisfy it, we achieve safety and security. The extent of such support can vary. The level of help people need determines the amount they receive as an attendance allowance, but it is not the only criterion for preferential admission into a retirement home. Seniors' difficult life situation does not have to be directly related to the level of help they need. If seniors get a lot of points during assessment of their degree of autonomy, self-sufficiency and objective conditions, it does not necessarily imply that they need to be urgently admitted into a residential care facility. This assessment is carried out according to methodological documents devised by the retirement home. The thesis uses a qualitative research strategy; that is, content analysis, case study and qualitative evaluation. Residential care facilities came up with requirements for objective assessment and selection of seniors to be admitted in order to reduce the number of applicants - from several hundred to a group that needs to be admitted urgently. These requirements led to a preparation of methodological materials that describe the whole standard procedure of interaction with people interested in the residential social service. Next, a method of point score system to select the candidates was also established. One of the aims of this thesis was to carry out a qualitative evaluation of methodological documents of a specific residential care facility for older people. Next goal was to assess the seniors' needs before they are admitted to residential care. A content analysis of social investigation records was also conducted. The results showed that the most important needs of seniors are safety and security. Older people submit applications for retirement homes, although they actually do not want to use this service. It is a manifestation of their fear of the future and it has a significant impact on the number of registered applications. On one hand, it is important to regard people as fully-fledged, independent, free and responsible beings at any age. But on the other hand, it is also vital to be aware of various limits and restrictions arising from natural ageing. We usually encounter two extreme opposites when we communicate with older people. Seniors usually overestimate or significantly underestimate themselves in the area of autonomy and self-sufficiency. If these areas were only self-evaluated and objective reality (or senior's surroundings) was not taken into account, the assessment result would be significantly distorted. Quality of needs' assessment and level of social investigation directly depend on the knowledge, skills and abilities of social workers; one of their most important skills is the ability to reflect.
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State of photovoltaic in the Czech Republic
Lukášek, Kamil ; Bača, Petr (referee) ; Vaněk, Jiří (advisor)
Photovoltaic in the Czech Republic has gone through significant development during last few years. The thesis describes physical principle of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic power plant is a set of technologic components connected together to utilize solar energy and convert it into electric energy that could be distributed to electric power network. Review of the photovoltaic development in the Czech Republic and the list of the biggest operational photovoltaic power plants present important data for assessment of the current status of photovoltaic technology in the Czech Republic. Chapter operations and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants summarizes the most common causes of failures and presents diagnostic tools for service requests. Due to legislative changes, hybrid photovoltaic power plants construction has been prioritized as it is economically more efficient now. Construction of new hybrid photovoltaic power plant was assessed analytically using SWOT analysis that evaluates strong and weak sides of the projects in comparison with opportunities and threats of construction. After evaluation of obtained data the next steps of the hybrid photovoltaic power plant’s construction plan are proposed. The first part of hybrid photovoltaic power plant design contains PVGIS program's data evaluation, which provides sunlight intensity information for specified area. Obtained data were used in the second part of the design to determine proper components selection for family house hybrid photovoltaic power plant. Finally the economic view of the design and return of investments were assessed.
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Self-sufficiency of home care clients
MOTYČÁKOVÁ, Barbora
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the self-sufficiency of home care clients. This thesis focuses on the importance of home care agencies and their influence on the self-sufficiency of the clients in the home environment. The aim is to find out to what extent the nurses of the home care agencies intervene to help clients achieve self-sufficiency. To reach the aim of my work and gather information, I prepared questionnaires for clients of home care agencies and for professional public. The theoretical part focuses mainly on the clarifying of the term "home care" and also the client and his or her self-sufficiency. The practical part is based upon the findings of the questionnaires completed by the nurses of the home care agencies and the clients. Hereby it is also possible to prove the hypothesis, whether the nurses test the self-sufficiency of their home care clients, if they utilise compensatory aids for the clients and also if they involve the other members of the clients´ families to support the clients´ self-sufficiency. On the basis of available information resources and available literature, I attempted to carry out a current analysis of the environment. The obtained data are evaluated and presented in charts.
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The issues of patient´s self-sufficient after cerebrovascular accident at ward of subsequent care
MACHKOVÁ, Marcela
Cerebrovascular accident is a serious destructive condition with suddenly formed infliciton of cerebral blood vessel. There might appear obstruction and taper of them or defect on wholeness of vascular wall which result into hemorrhage to brain tissue. Sings of this condition might be termporary with physical and psychical changes or fatal which end up with serious paralysis, unconsciousness or even death of individual. Cerebrovascular accident problematics is currently a big challenge for the entire society, because progressiveness of European society´s aging is likely to bring increase in total amount of this disease´s causes. The first important step in problematics of the disease is to reduce the risk of stroke by consistent prevention; general lifestyle changes; blood pressure controls and treatment; lipid, coagulation factor and heart disease observation and compensation. The second step, when speaking about already formed disease, is to start well-timed and complex therapy which provides the patient with distinctly higher chance of better final clinical status without permanent harm. After overcoming the acute phase in neurology department the patient carries on with another therapy acorrding to seriousness of his/her condition in rehabilitation or aftercare department. Therapeutic, nursing and rehabilitation care should be set to contain all aspects of lost self-sufficiency encouragement and should be oriented mainly on person who has, even after stroke, his/her own needs, motivations, leisure time activities and skills. The bachelor thesis starts with medical part which describes brain anatomy, deals with epidemiology and stroke history. More detailted stroke characteristics and disease itself are defined by etiology, clinical picture, diagnostics and treatment. This part is then ended up with stroke consequences, factors influecing patient´s recovery, patient´s needs and self-sufficiency after stroke. Multidisciplinary team and aftercare deparment create an independent chapter and after this starts a new chapter interested in the role of nurse and needed nursing interventions, evaluation techniques during basic needs saturation of patients after stroke. Therapeutic rehabilitation creates almost the last important part of the bachelor thesis, on which depend gradual recovery and patient´s future life quality after this desease. The recovery part includes physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, neuropsychology, spa treatment and prosthetic security of patient. Then, the whole thesis is ended up with patient´s preparation on release into home environment. The first set aim is to find out patient´s needs to reach the maximal functional independence and self-sufficiency after stroke according to previously studied sources. The second aim is to find out the nurse´s role in the encouragement of patient´s self-sufficiency and the third aim is to find out nursing interventions in the encouragement of patient´s self-sufficiency after stroke according to previously studied sources. The whole bachelor thesis is mainly taken as theoretical. It tries to insight into problematics of all needs, self-sufficiency encouragement and patient´s maximal functional independence after stroke according to previsously studied sources and information obtained from consultants, physiotherapists and general nurses. Then, the thesis deals with the role of nurse and nursing interventions in patient´s self- sufficiency encouragement on aftercare department to satisfy his/her essential needs of life without someone else´s help after the disease. After a gradual improvement of functional disability, the whole life quality and the independence of patient, it is necessary to follow all nursing, medical and rehabilitation procedures very carefully without their neglect with a sufficient amount of medical staff and specialized doctors.
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Degree of difficulty in performing activities of daily living in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
KAAS, Jiří
Theoretical foundation: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic system disease manifesting itself particularly by inflammatory joint impairment. The main problems confronting daily the patient include pains of the motor system and fatigue. The disease has typically long, progressive development, and although it does not cause directly the patients' death, it reduces their life by some ten years on average. The serious character of the disease consists in the fact that the motor abilities of the individual are gradually impaired. At the beginning the patients must avoid major physical activity, often give up their hobbies and sometimes even their jobs. In the most serious cases, the disease may even prevent the patients from performing basic self-service activities. Goal of the thesis: The goal of the thesis consists in mapping the level of problems of rheumatoid arthritis patients at performing daily activities. Hypotheses - H1: Rheumatoid arthritis patients feel discomfort when performing common daily activities, H2: Rheumatoid arthritis patients make use of supporting and compensation aids when performing common daily activities, H3: Rheumatoid arthritis patients make use of another person's assistance when performing common daily activities. Methodology: The research part of the thesis was implemented based on quantitative inquiry within the grant Project No. 120/2012/S ?Reflection of life quality in nursing?. The actual research made use of HAQ standardized questionnaire, distributed among the rheumatoid arthritis patients. The size of the research set was set at 200 rheumatoid arthritis patients from all over the Czech Republic. The respondents were chosen based on quota selection, striving to observe the proportion of men to women at 3:1, i.e. 150 women and 50 men. When searching the respondents, organizations associating patients with the respective diagnosis were first approached. All results obtained were statistically processed in the SASD (Statistical Analysis of Social Data) program. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: The results can be divided into three areas, by the related hypotheses. The first part of the results gave information on the degree of discomfort felt by the individuals when performing specific common daily activities. It was found out that the patients see the most difficult activity in taking down an item from a place above their head and bathing in the bathtub. The second area brought information on the aids used to perform common daily activities. The respondents named dressing aids or handgrips at the bathtub most frequently. The third and last area brought the answer to the question what activities require another person's help. The patients named reaching or opening of things most frequently. But an essential part of the patients stated not to need any help of another person in common daily activities. Based on the results, the hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1 - Rheumatoid arthritis patients feel discomfort when performing common daily activities - confirmed, H2 - Rheumatoid patients make use of supporting and compensation aids when performing common daily activities - confirmed and H3 - Rheumatoid arthritis patients make use of another's person when performing common daily activities - not confirmed. Conclusion: The thesis provides a detailed and comprehensive view on the issues of performing common daily activities in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The results can be used both by practical nurses and by students of nursing and related disciplines. The thesis can also constitute foundation for further research. The thesis results will be also presented and published.
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Nursing care for patient with polytrauma
SKLÁŘOVÁ, Lucie
Multiple traumas mean a present injury of at least two body systems. The patient with the multiple traumas is, because of the threatening failure of one or more organs, alternatively systems, placed on the intensive care unit. The nursing of the patient is therefore systematic, continual and its part is the monitoring of the conditions and saturation of basic needs. The nursing care on the intensive care unit is dependent on their health conditions and it permanently changes. A nurse usually takes over the whole care of the patient and they are dependent on her. Therefore the nurse must know all the patient´s needs and provide them regard to their self-sufficiency. Self-sufficiency is the level of independence during the daily routine. To its evaluation we use Barthel test of basic daily activities. In literature the word self-care is used as an identical term. The empiric part of the bachelor thesis is focused on self-sufficiency, self-care of a patient and activation of the nurses. The goal of the research is to find out the difference in the amount of care for a patient with multiple traumas on the Intensive care unit and a standard ward in connection with the level of self-care. To fulfil the goals three research questions were set. The research questions are: How do the nurses judge the self-sufficiency of a patient with multiple traumas on the intensive care unit and a standard ward? How do they provide the nursing care at a patient with multiple traumas in a standard ward? How do they provide the nursing care at a patient with multiple traumas on the intensive care unit? The qualitative research with the help of semi-structured interview was used to answer the questions and fulfil the goals. The research was taken on the traumatologic intensive care unit and in the standard ward. 5 respondents and one patient were from the intensive care unit and other 5 respondents and two patients were from the standard ward. The answers for the first research question were identical at all respondents. The evaluation of the patient´s self-sufficiency is according to Barthel test. The answers of most respondents point at the fact that the test in not practical and suitable. The results of the second and third research question can be comprehended in one conclusion. Regarding the fact, that the nurses from the intensive care unit and the standard ward made comments in the same way. The nursing care is always provided regarding the self-sufficiency of a patient. They support a patient mentally to make him more self-independent. They use different accessible tools for practice. With the help of the research questions we reached the goals. We found out that the difference in the extent of provided care is in the amount of activities which are done by nurses for the patient on the intensive care unit and in the standard ward. The nurses provide a patient with more activities logically on the intensive care unit. It is due to the conditions of a patient which are acute at the beginning. Even though, the nurses try to activate a patient as much as possible. By contrast, the nurses in a standard ward have the chance to increase patient´s self-sufficiency in more activities. They endeavour patients to be self-sufficient in hygiene, catering, walking and excretion. In these activities patients should be helped by physiotherapists. As it is agreed by the nurses from the intensive care unit as well as the nurses from the standard ward, this approach does not really work and so the only ones who activate a patient are the nurses and hospital attendants. The work should serve the nurses to clarify the importance of multiple traumas and deepen their knowledge of discussed problems.
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