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Communities of epigeic beetles in the plantations of fast growing plant species for energetic purposes and in surrounding biotopes
JAHNOVÁ, Zuzana
The aim of the work was to study the communities of epigeic beetles in plantations of energetic plants (Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, Phalaris arundinacea, Helianthus tuberosus) and in surrounding lawn biotope. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling from 2008 to 2010 during the growing season. Carabid beetles (Carabidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) were used as bioindicators. In total 69 species and 1789 individuals were captured and evaluated. Eurytopic species were more common than stenotopic in all habitats, also the value of the index of beetle communities was low in all plots. RDA analysis proved the influence of surrounding biotope on beetle communities. It was concluded that communities of epigeic beetles might be also affected by the climatic factors, long termed population fluctuations of individual species, edge effect and microclimate inside the vegetation.
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Different management effects of on microclimate and biodiversity of epigeic and hemiedafic beetles in a monitoring watersheds (area) in Šumava.
CHOCOVÁ, Hana
SUMMARY Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two water catchments with the different management in the submontaneous area of Bohemian Forest (South Bohemia, Czechia). The Mlýnský stream catchment was characteristic by high representation of unforested habitats (pastures and mowed meadows), Horský stream by higher proportion of forested habitats and non equal management (plots without management, mowed meadows). The microclimatic characteristics (average temperature, average humidity, average wind speed, average radiation) were measured. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling. Beetles species were divided into two groups after its preferences to humidity: hygrophilous species and mesophilous species. The degree of human impact was studied by finding of frequency of species of different ecological groups. 57 species was found in the Mlýnský stream and 33 in the Horský stream. The activity of beetles was about five times higher in Mlýnský stream (511 individuals captured) than in the Horský stream (114 indivuduals found). Ubiquitous species prevail in Mlýnský stream and adaptive species in the Horský stream. Stenotopic species were found in the Mlýnský stream only. These results indicate less human impact in Horský stream than in the Mlýnský stream. Frequency of beetle species with the different requirement on the humidity in communites on studied plots indicates the dominance of mesophilous species in Mlýnský stream in comparison with Horský stream. Frequency of hygrophilous species was about three times higher in Horský stream than in Mlýnský stream. The intensity of management affected the beetle structure mainly on the less forested plot of Mlýnský stream. The structure of communites on plots with more intensive management differs from communities on plots with low management. Hygrophilous species prevail on plots with low management of the Mlýnský stream. The effect of management intensity is not documented in Horský stream with the greater proportion of trees.
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Communities of epigeic beetles in the plantations of fast growing plant species for energetic purposes
JAHNOVÁ, Zuzana
The aim of the work was to study the communities of epigeic beetles in plantations of fast growing plant species for energetic purposes. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling. Four plots of fast growing plants were studied {--} Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, Phalaris arundinacea and Helianthus tuberosus. Carabid beetles (Carabidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) were used as bioindicators. It was found 18 species and 45 individuals of family Staphylinidae and 25 species and 594 individuals of family Carabidae (43 species nad 639 individuals in total). The highest number of species was found on plot of Dactylis glomerata (28 species) and the highest number of individuals was found on plot of Phalaris arundinacea (246 individuals). The majority of the beetles were carabid beetles belonging to the next species - Poecilus cupreus, Pseudophonus rufipes, Calathus fuscipes, Harpalus aeneus and Nebria brevicollis. These species occured in all plantations. Eurytopic species were more common than stenotopic in all habitats. The smallest value of index of human impact and so the biggest human impact was found in reed canary-grass. It is supposed that the communities were influenced by the surrounding biotope (lawn) and the weather during the period of experiment.
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The effect of different management on plant diversity and biomass production of grass stands
JÍLKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different management practises on submontane meadow plant diversity, species richness and biomass production. The experiment was carried out in the submontane region Šumava (Kaplicko, Velký Chuchelec, Údolí Velenovského potoka). There were applied four types of management {--} continual grazing, mulching, fallow (Velký Chuchelec) and mowing (Údolí Velenovského potoka). Plant diverzity and hay production has been observing for three years. Obtained data were used for calculation Simpson and Hill index diverzity, value of fodder quality and nutritive and water regime (condition) of site. Values were used for statistical computing (ANOVA, Fischer LSD test). The plant species diverzity and biomass production are significantly affected by grassland management (treatment). Mulching and fallow lead to lower species richness and increases the coverage of grasses. Hay production is higher on mulching and fallow stands and on mowed stands than on continuously grazed stands. Mowing leads to higher species richness. Is necessary to conserve this status by mowing or the better way is to intesify contemporary management.
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