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Comedic elements in Shakespere's tragedies
Severinová, Klára ; Nováková, Soňa (referee) ; Hilský, Martin (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to discuss the comedic elements in Shakespeare's five tragedies, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and King Lear. The Introduction presents the elements which I will try to cover in each of the play. Since the treatment of the elements is different play from play, its extent will differ accordingly. I would like to emphasize the existence of the comedy within the genre of tragedy and thus point out on the style which made Shakespeare a well read playwright for over centuries.
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Pharmacology of the 2nd type of diabetes mellitus - a review
Ampatzis, Konstantinos ; Višňovský, Peter (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
This thesis was aimed to give a brief aspect of the most common endocrine disorder of the western world which is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which there is an inability to oxidize carbohydrate due to disturbances in insulin function. The first part of the thesis covers the physiology of insulin, type and main complications of the disease. The main part describes most of the treatment methods available today and also provides a brief comparative study highlighting their main advantages and disadvantages. At the end, a short introduction into the novel treatment modalities - the Incretins (GLP-1 Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors) is discussed.
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The prevention of the anemia development during malignant diseases therapy
Priesolová, Denisa ; Jankovská, Milada (advisor)
The introduction of this work explains the importance of aknowledging the process of diagnostics and a treatment of the cases with an anemia during malignant diseases. The predictive factors of the anemia development and the general condition negative effects are presented. The chapter two brings the definition of an anemia, how to evaluate the blood count and the biochemical examination, tells the compensational mechanisms of the organism and describes the clinical features of the developed anemia. The chapter three presents the causes of the anemia during malignant diseases and classifies them into separate groups according to the pathophysiological and morphological classification. The prevalence rates of the individual types of the anemia are mentioned as the study ECAS - 04 (European Cancer Anaemia Survey) of the anemia according to the chosen treatment represents. The chapter four and five describes the various types, etiology, clinical features, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of the various types of the anemia. The outcome tells the possibilities of prevention and treatment of the anemia during malignant diseases.
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Pharmacology of antidotes
Kautová, Jana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
1 1. Abstract Intoxications belongs to the group of serious conditions that threaten the health and lives of patients. In the introduction of the work is summarised the general treatment of intoxications. All the necessary emergency measures are more effective as sooner are applied. Treatment consists of both in the inactivation and elimination of toxic substances, and minimise the secondary damage and the development of complications. In prophylaxis of absorption of toxic substances are abandoned late lavage of the stomach, the best is to submit the charcoal (25-50 g ) in the form of a suspension as soon as possible after the ingestion of poison. Repeated administration of the charcoal after 4-5 hours is able to shorten the period of elimination of most substances. Forced diuresis is not a routine part of treatment. In serious cases of certain poisonings are indicated extracorporal elimination methods with leading edge of the hemodialysis. The administration of specific antidotes is indicated only in selected cases, but serious suspicion of poisoning with highly toxic substances is recommended to administer antidotes without laboratory confirmation of diagnosis. The work deals in details with some specific antidotes. For each substance are mentioned pharmacological properties, indications,...
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Biological properties of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
Česák, Tomáš ; Náhlovský, Jiří (advisor) ; Smrčka, Martin (referee) ; Paleček, Tomáš (referee)
Introduction: Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are regarded as benign, slowly growing tumours of the sella turcica region. Their growth is generally constantly exponential; however, rapid and aggressive proliferation is not the exception, especially in young patients. Treatment involves surgical removal. In literature, the role of postoperative irradiation of the residual tumour is controversial. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the natural growth patterns of NFPAs and attempt to identify the factors affecting their growth potential. As part of the study, nuclear marker Ki-67 was tested as a possible reliable indicator of adenoma proliferation, as well as it's role as a potential marker of postoperative remnant's growth potential. This would enable the identification of serious rapid growth in cases of tumour recurrence. Material: Our study is based on 105 patients operated for NFPAs between years 2000-2007. The fixed inclusion criteria of the study (a postoperative residue detected by 2 graphic examinations, absence of adjuvant therapy and the imunohistochemical determination of the proliferation marker) were fulfilled by 29 patients (22 men, 3 women). The average age of the patient group was 62.9 years. By large, the tumours were afunctional macroadenomas with gonadotrophin...
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Antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent abortions
Oleinikov, Kira ; Andělová, Kateřina (advisor)
Recurrent abortions prevalent in around 1% of couples. Although in majority of cases the ethiology remains unknown, antiphospholipid syndrome is cause that can be prevented. The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis and pregnancy complications in association with antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies. In addition to recurrent abortions and fetal death, pregnancy complications in women with APS include preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, and fetal growth restriction . The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to injury in vivo are incompletely understood and therapy for pregnant women with APS, currently aimed at preventing thrombosis, is only partially successful in averting pregnancy loss. As it was already mentioned before - for any therapeutic intervention to be successful it would appear that treatment needs to be applied early in pregnancy, if not before, and it therefore depends on the identification of women at risk of aPL-associated pregnancy complications before they conceive. Before the introduction of heparin therapy for management of pregnant patients with APS, the fetal loss rate was more than 50%; currently, it is less than 20%. Therefore both diagnostical and therapeutic methods should be considered in prevention of recurrent abortions.
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USE OF TUMOR MARKERS IN POSTOPERATIVE PROGNOSIS OF NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER
Šafránek, Jarmil ; Klečka, Jiří (advisor) ; Schützner, Jan (referee) ; Haruštiak, Svetozár (referee) ; Čapov, Ivan (referee)
USE OF TUMOR MARKERS IN POSTOPERATIVE PROGNOSIS OF NON-SMALL- CELL LUNG CANCER Introduction: The most frequently used prognostic parameters in clinical practice of NSCLC are disease stadium and affection of hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. These phactors are not sufficient and therefore new prognostic parameters - tumor markers - are being searched for. Tumor markers regarding NSCLC have mainly been used so far to monitore effects of medical treatment or detection of carcinoma recurrency. The study concentrates on assessment of tumor markers significance for NSCLC. Methods: The total group includes 125 patients operated on for NSCLC in the years 2004-2007. Single groups of patients were assessed successively. Serum markers CYFRA 21-1, CEA, TK, TPS, and NSE were assessed in an immunoanalytical way in 34 patients: Serum parameters of angiogenesis through Luminex® xMAP® technology were assessed in 27 patients. Serum values of cytokeratins were assessed in an immunoanalytical way with 125 patients. Expressions of metalloproteinases (MMP-7, MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) were assessed in NSCLC tissue with 91 patients and in lung tissue with 12 patients with benign pulmonary disease. Finally, OS and DFI were assessed in accordance with tissue expression of metalloproteinases and their...
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Diabetes mellitus treatment and its effect on development of fetus
Ritschelová, Vlasta ; Jelínek, Richard (advisor)
The introduction of new drugs into medical practice is nowadays a common phenomenon and desirable . New drugs offer new treatment options , replace old , less safe for both patient and the developing fetus , replace or non-pharmacological methods are appropriately other. The introduction of such new drugs, however, is preceded by extensive testing of the drug with respect the possibility of the occurrence of various side effects . These can be from completely insignificant to after very serious. This work is focused on the serious side effect ie effect embryotoxic . This means that the drug in doses to the mother nontoxic some mechanism intervenes in the process of development of the fetus and the substance is due to death or damaged. This work is devoted to detect possible embryotoxicity - insulin lispro , a of these drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus , as knowledge of its effect on developing fetus are not only scanty . Embryotoxicity testing was carried out by CHEST ( Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test) , which is in this part of the work described in detail. Thank you for the important help in implementing and evaluating the results of the methods of CHEST prof . MD . R. Jelinek , MD . , I. Jelinek , MD. E. Manakov , MD. M.Špačkovi and MD . L. lip - Hering .
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Cartilage regeneration using peroral supplementation and artificial scaffolds
Filová, Eva ; Amler, Evžen (advisor) ; Jebavý, Lukáš (referee) ; Otáhal, Stanislav (referee) ; Tománková, Kateřina (referee)
Cartilage can regenerate only in a limited extend. The aim of the study was to enhance hyaline cartilage regeneration using peroral supplementation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and antioxidants, or using artificial scaffolds seeded with autologous cells. Scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a potential for treatment of cartilage defects. For the complex characterization of biomechanical properties of scaffold, we developed the novel shock dynamic method. Subsequently, the composite hyaluronate-type I collagen-fibrin scaffold with the viscoelastic properties and dynamic loading response similar to the native cartilage was developed. The composite scaffold was then used for osteochondral regeneration and physeal cartilage regeneration. The effect of peroral supplementation of GAGs and antioxidants (vitamin E/selenium) on the regeneration of osteochondral defects was investigated in rabbits. After introduction of defined osteochondral defects in the knee joint, groups of ten animals were given a GAG/vitamin E/selenium mixture or a placebo (milk sugar) for 6 weeks. The amount of sulfated GAGs in the osteochondral regenerates was significantly higher in the GAG group. In both groups, the GAG amount in the cartilage of the operated knee was significantly higher than in the...
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Pharmacoepidemiology of medicines by cardiovascular diseases
Górecká, Květoslava ; Tilšer, Ivan (advisor) ; Suchopár, Josef (referee) ; Švihovec, Jan (referee)
11. SUMMARY Introduction Increasing prevalence of chronic forms of cardiovascular diseases, theirs treatment is lifelong in majority of patients, causes considerable increase of the utilisation of cardiovascular drugs. Considering the fact that healthcare financial resources are restricted, it is necessary to use the drugs effectively and rationally. That is why it is important to study the trends in pharmacotherapy and drug prescribing in the real practice and consequently evaluate the drug use from the epidemiological, economic or social point of view. Objectives The objective of this work was to evaluate several aspects of the cardiovascular drug utilization on the basis of use of several large drug databases and different pharmacoepidemiologic attitudes. Specific issues were addressed in four independent studies: 1) A comparison of cardiovascular drug utilization in selected districts of the Czech Republic and Great Britain. 2) Cardiovascular drug utilisation, mortality and socio-economic inequalities: An ecological study in 20 districts of the Czech Republic. 3) An analysis of the hypertension treatment in general practitioners in the Czech Republic in the 90's. 4) Pleiotropic effects of statins and prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2. 1) A comparison of cardiovascular drug utilization in selected...
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