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Drug-drug interactions (DDI) and pharmacodynamic effects of metformin
Hakeem-Habeeb, Babalola ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Babalola Hakeem-Habeeb Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek Ph.D. Drug-drug interactions (DDI) and pharmacodynamic effects of metformin Metformin is a widely used medication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and is being increasingly used in the treatment of other conditions. Metformin is concidered the 1st line treatment in type 2 diabetes due to its effectiveness, minimal drug-drug interactions and rare self limiting side effects. Metformins full mechanism of action is still unknown. The molecular mechanism of metformin action has been proposed in the liver related to AMPK activation and up- regulation of SHP. SHP suppresses functions of several nuclear receptors and transcriptional factors involved in the regulation of hepatic metabolism including PXR, which is a major regulator of drug/xenobiotic metabolism. Therefore it was hypothesized that SHP is an important link between hepatic drug/xenobiotic metabolism regulated by nuclear receptors such as PXR and intermediary metabolism controlled by AMPK pathway. In the diploma thesis we summarize the recent finding regarded the proposed mechanism of metformin action and its putative role on PXR in regulation of cytochrome P450...
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Female fairytale figures and their role in artephiletic approach
Brzáková, Šárka ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
Ženské pohádkové postavy a jejich role v artefiletice ANNOTATION Author: BRZÁKOVÁ Šárka, Ing. Institution: Cathedra of psychology FF UK in Prague Name of the thesis: Female Fairy Tale Figures and Their Role in Artephiletic Approach Supervisor: MUDr. Mgr. Radvan Bahbouh, Ph.D. Consultant: PhDr. Mariana Bažantová, Ph.D. Number of pages: 321 (including annexes) Number of annexes: 3 Key words: artephiletic approach art therapy self cognition psychological interpretation of fairy tales female fairy tale figures The thesis is dealing with the area of female fairy tale characters and the possibilities of their utilization in the art therapy and the artephiletic approach. The thesis consists of the theoretical and the empirical part. The theoretical part is divided to three ranges - the artephiletic approach, the psychological interpretation of female fairy tale characters and the utilization of fairy tale figures in the art therapy and the artephiletic approach. The problem of female fairy tale characters is processed by qualitative research approach within the empirical part. The research was lead in two lines. The first line rests in the analysis of 16 individual interviews with experts who professionally deal with the art therapy or the artephiletic approach. The second research line resides in the analysis of...
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Wind tunnel concentration field study in a urban area
Jaňour, Zbyněk ; Kellnerová, Radka ; Bezpalcová, Klára
The aim of the project was to study the influence of boundary conditions on contaminant spreading in a urban area model. The experiment was conducted a low-speed open-circuit tunnel. The urban area model was scaled down to 1:200. The model aimed to simulate a typical street with intense traffic, in our case specifically the Podbielski Strasse in Hannover (Germany). The downstreet flow was at an aproximate angle of 45 degrees to the street axis. Traffic was simulated by a double-line source. In the course of the experiment we have replaced a convoluted model of a park in the upstream area with simpler elements of varying size and density. We then compared the concentration field of the new arrangement with the original concentration field. All configurations led to a decrease of concentration . In ares where the original concentration had reached the highest values, the most significant decrease was obtained.
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Srovnání C3 a C4 plodin z hlediska tolerance k salinitnímu a vodnímu stresu
Kholová, Jana ; Kočová, Marie (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Jana (referee) ; Prášil, Ilja (referee)
The main objective of the thesis work was the detailed characterization of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) genotypes contrasting for terminal drought tolerance. For that work, we used a set of near isogenic lines (NIL-QTLs; carrying terminal drought tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL) from a drougth tolerant donor parent on the genetic background of a sensitive parent) and a recombinant inbred lines population (RIL; developed from a cross between the tolerant and sensitive genotype). In these contrasting genotypes we investigated following physiological traits. Transpiration rate (Tr), transpiration efficiency (TE), transpiration response to increased vapor pressure deficit, threshold in volumetric soil moisture where transpiration begins to decline (FTSW threshold), stomatal density (SD), sensitivity of plants' growth to VPD below and above 2kPa. Regarding biochemical traits, we followed content of chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), abscisic acid (ABA), proline (Pro), we conducted isozyme analysis of antioxidative enzymes [superoxid dismutase (SOD), ascorbic peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT)]. The main leading thread for understanding the drought tolerance mechanisms of pearl millet came from the analysis of traits related to the control of water losses under fully irrigated...
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Analysis of low-molecular proteins in barley by the SDS-PAGE method during malting
Myslivcová, Pavla ; Svoboda, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of low molecular weight proteins in barley during malting by SDS-PAGE method. Attention was paid to PR proteins, specifically LTP proteins and thionins, considered to be connected with gushing effect. Barley samples, malt intermediates and malt samples taken in 10 consecutive days to cover the whole malting process were used for the experiment. In total, 5 samplings were used for the analysis. Proteins extracted from the samples were separated by SDS-PAGE using a Tris-tricine buffer system. The protein lines of LTP proteins and thionins were identified in the resulting gels. The relative optical density values of the selected protein bands were obtained to assess the effect of malting on these proteins. A similar pattern of change in the content of mentioned low molecular weight proteins during the malting process was observed. This was confirmed by finding a statistically significant positive correlation between the relative optical density values of LTP proteins and thionins. Furthermore, the relationship between the low molecular weight protein content and the gushing potential and the microbiological contamination of the samples was investigated, but was not confirmed.
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Studium expandujícího proudu termického plazmatu s využitím molekulových spekter
Mašláni, Alan ; Sember, Viktor
Thermal plasmas generated by plasma torches are well-known for their high temperatures and high enthalpies. Therefore optical emission spectroscopy is appropriate diagnostic method because of strong emission of radiation corresponding to the visible light. The decay of excited atoms, ions and molecules causes emission of the light at characteristic wavelengths. Except spectral lines of atoms and ions, also some molecular bands can be seen in the spectra of the plasma jet. Especially expanding thermal plasma jet operated under low pressure conditions offers possibility of observing molecular transitions. Pressure lower than atmospheric may cause the presence of supersonic flow and departures from thermodynamic equilibrium. Spectra of OH radical have been investigated using computer code LIFBASE, which contains a lot of data regarding spectra of diatomic molecules. Radial profiles of rotational and vibrational temperatures have been found in several regions of the jet.
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Zhodnocení distribuce trusu prasete divokého v lesním prostředí jako podkladu k odhadu jeho početnosti
Drimaj, Jakub
In study area near the town of Jihlava, formed by two forest hunting grounds, was realized a survey of distribution of droppings of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in order to verify the validity and improvement of dung census methods to estimate wild boars density in the forest environment. Counting of droppings was performed after the fall of the snow cover (before the growth of vegetation), on uniformly spaced lines (in strip transects), set by using geoinformation system and GPS devices. Each faecal pellet group (FPG) was geographically focused (GPS coordinates) and comprehensive database of 3 442 FPG was analysed over the digitized map data of Lesy ČR, s. p. (LHP). The average FPG density in the forest environment was 143,4 FPG.ha-1 and wild boar abundance was estimated at 19 individuals.km-2.
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Krakovec Castle
Čepeláková, Hana ; Homolka, Jaromír (advisor) ; Kuthan, Jiří (referee)
Krakovec castle This bachelor work brings a complex view of Krakovec castle. It summarises availible literature, it is concerned with the history, description and analysis of the castle with accent to highly artistically made and authentic vaults from the end of 14. centrury, the time the castle was build. The craftsmen guild which was in the lead of the construction of the castle is one of the main questions of this work. Krakovec castle is also presented as a castle with an extraordinary value in the frame of the Czech castle architecture development. It is a castle which stands on the line of transition from a castle to a new residential type - chateau. architektura - architecture hrad - castle huť - craftsmen guild klenba - vault oblouk - arch
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Soil water regime of the tundra in the Krkonose Mts., assessment and modelling
Tesař, Miroslav
The present annual report summarises the results achieved in the framework of the Subproject 1 of the VaV/610/3/00 Project entitled: Complex analysis of the long-term changes of the tundra in the Krkonose Mts. in 2000. In order to fill objectives of this subproject 1 and to simplify the structure of the project, five mutually dependent parallel research lines may be distinguished: i) experimental research, ii) laboratory research, iii) numerical modelling, iv) soil water regime study in the basin scale, v) determination of the soil water regime characteristics, vi) estimate of the potential soil water regime changes.
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Populační dynamika drobných savců v závislosti na potravní nabídce
Křípalová, Žaneta
The aim of this dissertation work was the study of the population dynamics of the yel-low -- necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) depending on the crop of oak seeds during the five-year period from 2008 do 2012. The research of small terrestrial mammals was carried out in three forest complexes different in food supply in an intesinvely cultivated landscape of southern Moravia. In was an old semi-natural floodplain forest with the dominance of oak (locality Horní les 3 km a long way from the municipality of Lednice), further an productive deciduou forest with the dominance of oak and acacia (locality Hájek nearby township Vranovice) and a pheasantry with a variety of forest types formed with various species of roe deer (lo-cality Rumunská bažantnice 25 km southeast of Brno). Small mammals were caught in these areas at regular intervals to the classical mouse-hunting collapsible traps laid in lines. In total for the period were caught 1943 small mammals in eight species. There was trapped the total number of 1943 small mammals in eight species. Among the most mundant species (Apodemus flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareo-lus) there was also detected a signifiant impal seed year on the body weight of the stud-ied animals. In 2009 and in 2011 their body size was smaller even though there was a high crop of seeds of woody plants. The mason was that the crop was as late as in the autumn and so the rodents didn't have enough time to utilit the food supplies suffi-ciently that year. The relative is that to harvest occurred as late as in the fall and rodents so missed this year's food supply enough to be used. Abundance significantly varied among the localities. There was found out the tendency to prefer the most variable bi-otop in Rumunská bažantnice. The small mammals responded to the high crop of seeds in the autumn of 2009 and 2011, population growth in follows, therefore,in 2010 and 2012. Great crop of acorns may lead to a sharp increase in population, which can then cause damage to the natural regeneration of oak or artificial regeneration of the sowing.
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