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Comparison of sequence variations in genes of biotransfromation enzymes in some carcinoma
Turková, Lucie ; Tavandzis, Spiros (referee) ; Bóday, Arpád (advisor)
Xenobiotic biotransformation process and its capacity is crucial for xenobiotic chemicals elimination that may cause damage toward cell structures. The effectiveness of the enzymes included in this process depends on the gene variants that encodes them. The aim of this work was to compare certain polymorphisms of selected genes between cases and control groups. Studied polymorphisms were null genotypes of the glutathione S-transferase gene M1 and T1 and the insertion of TA dinucleotide in the promotor region of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1. The number of cases group was six included patients with colorectal, lung, prostate, breast, pancreatic and head and neck cancer. Total number of analysed individuals was 1 118 for cancer cases and 470 for healthy controls. The control group was divided into two groups, the first one was called general and the second one was called special included healthy individuals with no cancer history in their closest family members. Gilbert syndrome (GS) is caused by homozygous insertion of the TA dinucleotide in the TATA box of the gene UGT1A1 and it causes elevated bilirubin levels. Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant in human body, so the aim was to attest its protective effect toward cancer. We expected lower frequency of GS as a protective factor in the cases groups compared with controls. This hypothesis was confirmed in the breast cancer group (GS frequency 10,0 %) and pancreatic cancer group (GS frequency 11,1 %). In the general and special control groups the frequency of GS was 16,0 % and 15,4 % respectively. Although the other case groups show lower frequency of GS, the results weren´t statistically significant. Null GSTM1 genotype was observed with 50,4 % frequency in the general control groups and with 55,3 % frequency in the special control group. Neither the one of the cases groups hasn´t showed significantly lower percentage of null genotype. Despite expectation we observed statistically significant lower frequency of null genotype in the group of lung and pancreatic cancer group (37,4 % and 39,3 % respectively). According to this study, we can say that the lack of glutathione S-transferase M1 activity is not a risk factor for cancer development. Null genotype of GSTT1 wasn´t identified in both control groups at all. In case groups of breast and prostate cancer, there was only one individual carrying the null GSTT1 genotype. Statistically significant higher frequency of this polymorphism was observed in patients with colorectal cancer (9,7 %), lung cancer (17,2 %), pancreatic cancer (3,0 %) and head and neck cancer (15,9 %). In these groups the lack of glutathion S-transferase T1 activity might be considered as risk factor for cancer development. Nevertheless, for further verification it needs to take more investigation in this field, especially enlarge the number of patient in the case groups of head and neck, lung and pancreatic cancer.
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Property right and nature conservation and landscape protection
Pojerová, Hana ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Müllerová, Hana (referee) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
239 Annotation Dissertation deals with relation between property right and nature conservation and landscape protection, their mutual connections, discrepancies and solutions of their conflicts. In first part property right is described as one of the basic institutes of private law, which also belongs among basic human rights and freedoms and it is incorporated in constitutional documents of the Czech Republic - Constitution and Charter of Fundamental rights and Basic Freedoms. This part contains brief history of the property right, its incorporations into law order of the Czech Republic (including future adjustment in new Civil Code No. 89/2012 Coll.), its basic attributes, and legal ways of its limitations and ablation, furthermore this part contains legal definition of the thing, also appurtenance and component parts and means of property right protection are mentioned. Property rights of all persons has the same meaning and enjoys the same protections, its execution cannot be limited but only by law and for reimbursement. Equally the property right cannot be abused to cause harm to someone else's rights or be in contradiction to public interests (cannot harm human health, nature or environment beyond limits determined by law). Preservation to environment, nature conservation and landscape protection...
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Antidiscrimination and equal treatment
Sváčková, Jana ; Tomeš, Igor (advisor) ; Vodáčková, Daniela (referee)
The aim of diploma thesis is to describe antidiscrimination and equal opportunities in EU and Czech Republic. antidiscrimination is framed in social rights, mainly focused on four type of discrimination: discrimination on base of age, gender, race and disability. The plot of antidiscrimination and equal opportunities developeds simoultanously with theories on human rights. Discrimination and equal opportunities are described through framework of ILO conventions, UN conventions, EU directions and judicatory of European Court of Justice that determines practise. There is a part focused on reconciling work and family responsibilities as an instrument to maintain balance between men and women and between workers with family responsibilities and without these responsibilities. Czech Republic is analysed wheather fullfill EU philosophy of antidiscrimination and equal opportunities or not. Czech practise is described though judicatory on discrimination, govermental strategies on equal opportunities and nondiscrimination, in four key areas (gender, age, disability and race). Situation on national level is described and veto of antidiscrimination law and its consequences are mentioned. In the end there is prognostic view in EU towards broadened of discrimination protection in new areas such as housing and access to...
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The activity of OHCHR in the area of human rights: case study of India
Lukeš, Jakub ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Šklebená, Karolína (referee)
Nowadays, increasing discrimination against woman in India has become more violent then ever before. The international community has several means for prevention of discrimination against woman at its disposal. This bachelor paper examines the role and the influence of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in India. India has ratified a number of conventions related to the elimination of all kind of discrimination against woman. The fundamental goal of this paper is to analyze the contribution of the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights to the observance of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. The analyzed reports come from the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Woman. The Committee's cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights is essential to getting the data and bringing about change. The contribution of the High Commissioner to India is tested through a comparison of particular statistical figures. The results are summarized and possible recommendations are being presented.
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Mammalian Serine Racemase as a Pharmaceutical Terget
Vaníčková, Jana ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Kotora, Martin (referee) ; Křen, Vladimír (referee)
PH.D. DISSERTATION Mammalian Serine Racemase as a Pharmaceutical Target Jana Jirásková Supervisor: Jan Konvalinka Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Praha 2010 Introduction Serine racemase is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) -dependent enzyme that is responsible for D- serine production. D-serine is a neurotransmitter that acts, together with L-glutamate, as agonist of ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are important for neuronal tissue signalization. Recent serine racemase knock-out mouse studies revealed that SR produces approximately 90% of brain D-serine. SR was first isolated from a pool of rat brains about a decade ago. Its orthologs are present in mammals as well as plants and yeast. Mammalian SRs share high sequence identity, about 90%. Mouse and human SRs are similar enzymatically, suggesting that mouse SR and mouse model are suitable to shed light on human SR. SR forms homodimers in solution and has a molecular weight of approximately 37 kDa per monomer. In addition to pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, the enzyme requires divalent cations such as Ca2+ or Mg2+ , nucleotides such as ATP, and reducing agents for full activity. The...
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Prevention of violence against children at primary schools
BENEŠOVÁ, Zuzana
Violence committed against children is a serious problem, on which each of us should be sufficiently informed. It is a socially unacceptable phenomenon violating human rights. Cases of children torment, abuse and neglect have been still more frequently covered in media recently. It is very important for prevention of this social pathological phenomenon that children should be informed as much as possible about violence committed against children. And primary school should be one of the sources of the information. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes forms of violence committed against children, its consequences and of course prevention of this phenomenon. It also focuses on development specifics of the pubescent children who formed the research sample for subsequent research into the issue. The first goal of the thesis was to find out and compare the extent of awareness of violence against children among pupils from selected primary schools. The second goal was to find out what prevention programmes and activities focused on prevention violence against children are in place in two selected primary schools in České Budějovice and Bechyně. Pupils from both the schools showed awareness adequate to the extent of the activities implemented in the schools. Pupils from the České Budějovice school are better informed on violence against children than those from Bechyně. Their school also provides more preventive activities in this sphere. The goal of the thesis was to outline the issue and possible prevention of this social pathological phenomenon and to map the extent of its prevention in selected primary schools.
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Obstructions connected to the right to information
Tuláček, Michal ; Korbel, František (advisor) ; Millerová, Ivana (referee)
The master thesis's topic are obstructions connected with the execution of the right to information, both by obligated entities as well as by information requestors. The right to information is a political right anchored in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and also in the international contracts stipulating human rights. Its definition is relatively wide, but not unlimited, because next to it from constitutional order flow other rights, freedoms or legitimate national interests, with which the right to information can be in conflict. In particular, it is concerning the law on protecting privacy or the national interest for protecting secret information, whose disclosure could endanger the national safety. The right to information can collide with other rights, freedoms or interests, therefore can be rightfully restricted and it is possible not to provide the requested information. However, such a restriction has to be anchored in the law and must be proportional and essential to the protection of rights and freedom of others, national safety, public safety, protection of public health and morals.in a democratic society. In reality, the right to information is restricted also for reasons unforeseen by the law. The right to information is nonetheless incorrectly executed even in cases of some...
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A Concept of Man in Economics
Műller, Jan ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Doležalová, Antonie (referee)
This diploma thesis researches model of economic man, its historical background, and also modern critics of this concept and alternative approach to economic man, especially in behavioral economics. Human (im)perfection leads to the discussion about a range of liberty man should get eventually to which extent should a man be led by paternalism. Therefore this thesis introduces and tests concept of libertarian paternalism which is applied to drug issues. The thesis demonstrates that model of economic man is in many ways too simplified and insufficient. Thus, extention of this model with findings of psychology, biology and other sciences seems beneficial. Libertarian paternalism, despite few shortcomings, shows potential to be realisable and viable in certain situations.
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Posouzení interní metodiky testování na konkrétním projektu a návrh vylepšení
Hofrichterová, Kateřina ; Bruckner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kodym, Oldřich (referee)
The thesis is focused on testing the banking software. The first part is contained introduction to the topic, introduced the project, including its objectives, the nature of the application, my role in it. Further described is a method Case study used throughout the work. The company is a researcher of the project for the client. The first objective is to describe the company's testing methodology by which the project progressed during, compare it with other methodologies with regard to their robustness, the degree of organization of work and domestic allocation. The second objective is to determine the bottlenecks including the determination of improvement. Each project is unique, so is suitable, another degree of organization. A control method of the project is agile. It is therefore expected framework anticipating complications and subsequent resolution of other areas to occur. The work defines the cause bottlenecks as the internal factor (human labor), external factors (legislative changes). Mapped was not only the current situation but also outlined the cause of the problem. And the third in terms of value-added most important goal is to design verification solutions experts. At work I described ways of solving problems. I woke them both employees solver side, so people from client companies. Experts from the client know good practices in the company and are able to assess the suitability due to the nature of society. Collaborators supply side, meanwhile, have extensive experience from similar projects. Their opinion on the issue can bring effective application of the Recommendation. The biggest benefit is not only the approval but also the subsequent implementation in the course of the entire project.
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