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Automatic Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Signals
Kubičková, Alena ; Halámek, Josef (referee) ; Lhotská, Lenka (referee) ; Kozumplík, Jiří (advisor)
This dissertation thesis is dedicated to the heart rate variability and methods of its evaluation. It mainly focuses on nonlinear methods and especially on the Poincaré plot. First it deals with the principle and nature of the heart rate variability, then the ways of its representation, linear and also nonlinear methods of its analysis and physiological and pathophysiological influence on heart rate variability changes. In particular, there is emphasis on the metabolic syndrome. In the next section of the thesis there are compared and evaluated different ways of representation of the heart rate variability and further are tested selected methods of heart rate variability analysis on unique data from patients with the metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects provided by the Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic. In particular, they are used the Poincaré plot and its parameters SD1 and SD2, commonly used time domain and frequency domain parameters, parameters evaluating signal entropy and the Lyapunov exponent. SD1 and SD2 combining the advantages of time and frequency domain methods of heart rate variability analysis distinguish successfully between patients with the metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects.
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Unruptured intracranial aneurysms : Does the risk of endovascular treatment outweigh natural history?
Beneš, Vladimír ; Stejskal, Lubor (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Janoušková, Ladislava (referee)
Summary: Background: The management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) remains controversial. The international study of UIAs (ISUIA) found low rates of rupture and appreciable treatment risks, which can be interpreted that many UIAs should not be treated. Results of endovascular coiling of 131 patients with UIAs are presented along with a risk-benefit analysis based on patient and aneurysm characteristics. Patients and methods: From December 1996 to September 2005, 131 patients (93 women and 38 men, mean age 51 years) with 151 UIAs were treated using detachable coil embolisation. Data on procedural complications, patient and aneurysm characteristics, clinical and radiological follow-up were entered into a prospectively collected database. A risk-benefit analysis was performed. Results: Endovascular treatment was successful in 145 (96%) aneurysms. One aneurysm ruptured intraoperatively with a fatal outcome. Ten thromboembolic events occurred, leaving one patient moderately disabled. The combined morbidity and mortality rate at 6 months per patient is 1,5% (95% confidence interval: 0,07 - 5,7%). Risk-benefit analysis comparing these data with published natural history suggests that treatment with low complication rates can be offered to most patients with UIAs. Conclusion: UIAs can be coiled with...
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal System on Metabolic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Gut Peptide Hormones
Huml, Michal ; Sýkora, Josef (advisor) ; Dědek, Petr (referee) ; Rušavý, Zdeněk (referee)
Our objective was to evaluate plasma levels of gut hormones and hormones associated with glucose metabolism in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and to correlate plasma concentrations of gut hormones with blood biochemistry, markers of metabolic control and anthropometric parameters. A multiplex assay kit (LINCOplex® ) was used for the determina- tion of postprandial plasma levels of specific gut peptide hormones. Amylin, glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), active ghrelin, insulin, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and polypeptide YY (PYY) were assessed prospectively in 55 subjects including 19 T1DM children (mean age: 13.4 years) and 21 healthy reference controls (mean age: 13. 4 years) and 15 patients with functional abdominal pain (FAP) (mean age: 10.5 years). In total, 440 plasma hormones samples were assessed in 55 patients. Entered data were examined using a non-parametric Wilcoxon's test. Further- more, statistically significant correlations were assessed by stepwise regression analysis. Our study demonstrated that the determination of specific postprandial gut hormones with the multiplex assay kit (LINCOplex® ) was highly efficient. Not only was a small amount of plasma sample (25µl) required for analysis, but also a...
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Local metabolism of glucocorticoids in female Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats
Klusoňová, Petra ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee)
11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD1) is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes conversion of inactive 11-oxo steroid derivatives into active 11-hydroxy forms. 11HSD1 elevates intracellular level of active glucocorticoid (GC) hormones: cortisol in human tissues and corticosterone in rodents, therefore local level of active GCs can be set independently from systemic secretion driven by hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). Chronic systemic excess of GCs results in development of Cushing's syndrome which is characterised by central obesity and other metabolic disturbances. Despite normal serum levels of GCs, the patients with idiopathic obesity also develop metabolic syndrome. It was suggested that GCs could be elevated locally in target tissues due to enhanced 11HSD1 activity. This hypothesis was confirmed in transgenic rodent models. Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats represent a non-obese model of metabolic syndrome without genetic manipulations or specific mutations. The strain was bred by cross-mating of Wistar rat individuals with elevated serum levels of triglycerides (TGs). The strain exhibit hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. When kept on high carbohydrate diet HHTg rats exhibit alterations in glucose homeostasis. Since there are no data that would describe...
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Molecular Markers with Impact on Kidney Graft Survival and Glomerulopathies Progression
Brabcová, Irena ; Viklický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jirsa, Milan (referee) ; Rychlík, Ivan (referee)
The progression of chronic glomerulopathy and graft rejection is affected by a number of proinflammatory cytokines, whose role in the pathogenesis of damage is poorly understood. The aim of this dissertation was to identify reliable risk markers of renal dysfunction progression and thereby contribute to a more effective patient treatment. Human native kidney biopsies with histologically confirmed diagnosis of glomerulopathy or kidney graft biopsies were analysed. Intrarenal gene expressions were measured by RT-qPCR. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by methods based on PCR-RFLP. Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify and quantify the mononuclear cell infiltration. Gene expression of TGF-β1, HGF, BMP7, MCP-1, RANTES and mononuclear cell infiltration were associated with poor renal function and proteinuria at the time of IgA nephropathy diagnosis. Progression of IgA nephropathy during the 2-year follow-up was shown to be dependent on the degree of chronic vasculopathy and TGF-1 expression in the kidney. Patients with graft dysfunction and enhanced intrarenal expression of TGF-1, MCP-1 had significantly shorter graft survival. Higher mRNA expression of IL-10, TGF- 1, IL-6, MCP-1, RANTES and TNF- was observed in patients with graft dysfunction presented at the time of biopsy....
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Lipid Extraction from Algae Trachydiscus Minutus.
Rousková, Milena ; Kohoutková, J. ; Bicová, M. ; Šolcová, Olga ; Kaštánek, František ; Hanika, Jiří
It is characteristic for some species of algae that they contain lipids. Moreover, their structure contains unsaturated fatty acids. That is of particular importance mainly due to the presence of nutritionally valuable omega-3 fatty acids, which strongly supports the health condition of a person when consumed. An exceptional position belongs to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), so called 20:5n3 in physiological literature. EPA is an omega-3 fatty acid and it is sometimes called the timnodonic acid1. Its molecule contains 20 carbons with 5-cis-alkene bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. It is therefore polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and is a precursor for prostaglandin E3 and/or tromboxane synthesis with significant health support effects. Another important place in human metabolism is occupied by alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is also an essential fatty acid. A human body converts this acid to eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA). This process significantly reduces diabetes and some types of patient's allergies.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22016111814310 - PDF
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Immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with dendritic cells
Partlová, Simona ; Rožková, Daniela (advisor) ; Froňková, Eva (referee)
V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with dendritic cells Anticancer immunotherapy is a therapeutical strategy aimed at elicitation and maintenance of immune responses against cancer cells. In this study we have focused on immunotherapy of ovarian cancer, because it is one of the most common gynaecological tumors with poor prognosis and high mortality. Our immunotherapy protocol involves preparing dendritic cells (DC) from monocytes isolated from patient's peripheral blood, which are subsequently pulsed with irradiated cells of established ovarian cancer cell line. These immature pulsed DC are maturated and subsequently co-cultivated with autologous T lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate, that DC are able to elicit specific immune response after addition of suitable mature agens in combination with apoptotic ovarian tumor cells. Our observations indicate that 24 hours are sufficient for induction of tumor cells apoptosis. Additionally, we have shown that DC successfully ingested most of the apoptotic tumor cells after 4 hours of co-incubation. Furthermore, we have found out that ingestion of apoptotic cells by dendritic cells, which are stimulated with polyI:C, inhibits maturation of DC and consequently also production of cytokines IL-12p70, IL-6 and TNF-α. Whereas...
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Importance of trombophilic mutations in clinical genetic.
Vavrušková, Klára ; Kuklík, Miloslav (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
Trombophilia means an increased disposition to creation of trombs. Health complication incurred as a consequence of hypercoagulation can be very serious. When a trombophilic mutation is found at a patient, it brings necassity of thrombosis - control in risk situations (e.g. pregnancy, operation) for the rest of the patient's life. There were filed 300 people (206 women and 94 men) with trombophilic mutations into my study of clinical signification of trombophilic mutations. These people were examinated in years 2008 - 2010. Most of positive medical findings - 266 people, were recorded in the area of MTHFR (C677T i A1298C) mutations. There were less findings in the field of FV Leiden and FII prothrombin mutations. Multipath trombophilic mutations were found at 99 patients. I accordance with foreign literature, our results advert to clinical consequences of trombophilic mutations like: repeated spontanious aborts, cerebrovascular akcident (CA), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), thrombosis, flebothrombosis, pulmonary embolism, varicose veins, aseptic necrosis of hip bone, arterial sclerosis and aortic stenosis. Mutations MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C we found mainly at patients with CA, IM and IHD. Leiden mutation was most often found at patients with thrombosis, flebothrombosis and pulmonary embolism. We...
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Gene expression analysis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Vašíková, Alžběta ; Votavová, Hana (advisor) ; Neuwirtová, Radana (referee) ; Jarošová, Marie (referee)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder affecting maturation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. MDS is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis resulting in peripheral blood cytopenia in at least one lineage, and increased risk of development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This disorder mostly affects the elderly, with the incidence of 10-50/100000 people per year. Heterogeneity of MDS is further underlined by the presence of both idiopathic primary and secondary therapy-related forms, which arise from accumulation of mutational events induced by cytotoxic therapy (exposure to alkylating agents or after therapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors). In this thesis, we focused on determination of differential gene expression between MDS patients and control subjects using different microarray platforms. Using nylon membranes, we detected 4 genes (ERCC1, FLT1, NME4, PCNA) with increasing expression pattern in advanced MDS stages, which correlated with disease progression. Their strong up- regulation was also observed in patients with de novo AML, suggesting their involvement in the leukemic transformation of MDS. Comparison of gene expression profiles of early and advanced MDS obtained by Agilent microarrays resulted in the set of differentially expressed genes, which might...
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