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Endometriosis and its influence on woman's life
Varhanová, Dana ; Voleníková, Ivana (advisor) ; Feldmár, Peter (referee)
This work is about gynecological disease, whose incidence is evergrowing, end metriosis. Endometriosis is in itself a very controversial disease, which is sign ificant intervening into life of a woman. Endometriosis is a common gynecological di sorder affecting fertile female population. It is the disease, that is presented by functional endometrial glandules and stroma outside their usuallocality within uterus (womb). General symptoms are pain and infertility. The diagnostic key is the cyclic character of symptom s and laparoscopy - histology testification presence of lesions. Tbe surgical treatment of endometriosis is considered as a golden standard of the therapy. My aim of this work is to have look up to aH sections of the disease. At the same time my work covers survey. I detected prospective abnormalities with theoretic knowledges via fonns distributed to patients with endometriosis. The fonn appraised frequen y oť symptoms in patiens. It presents the most frequent age group of disabled women as well. Fonns a1so outline dilernma of arguments about character of creation and it observes problems of indisposed women and possibility oftheir naturally gravidity. It also deals of possibilities of available therapy and its use in patients. ln no little importance my work adverts to next facts des rving next...
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Ethics of dying and death in intensive care
Bendová, Zdeňka ; Votroubková, Michaela (advisor) ; Kutnohorská, Jana (referee) ; Švecová, Dagmar (referee)
Author: Zdeňka Bendová Theme: Ethics of dying and death in intensive care Keywords: ethics, dying, death, paliative care, intensive care Bachelorś thesis is dealing with ethics of dying and death within the scope of intensive care. Medicine offers many possibilities of treatment and desease diagnostics nowadays. Requirement of paliative medicine use is becoming more important with increasing intensive care. Patiens can live for a much Langer time with a medical machines support as a result of a very high contemporary medical care standard. This situation brings new ethic problems.
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Texture Analysis of Ophthalmologic Images
Kaňka, Jan ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Jan, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with creating of software for textural analysis of retinal images by statistic method called co-occurrence matrices as possible alternative method to detection of lesion of retina by the glaucoma diseases. The Glaucoma diseases without well-timed diagnostics and consequential treatment leads to blindness. The retinal images captured by fundus camera are common, easily processable and modern devices are able to make images of 10 Mpix resolution and bigger, what specifies outputs of analytic software. Method of co-occurrence analysis is simple and effective statistic. But computing demandingness, showing up with growing objective quality, comming up as disadvantage.
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Importance of investigation of cervical lymph nodes for the early diagnostic of malignant tumors
Nekovářová, Šárka ; Hahn, Aleš (advisor)
In this diploma thesis, focused on the topic of "Importance of the cervical lymphoid nodes examination for the early diagnostics of maling tumors" I have described individual causes of changes occurance in the cervical lymphoid nodes from the widest possible viewpoint. Used literature and sources are from multiple fields in medicine. The result is this thesis, which gives a roundup of possible causes of changes occurace in the cervical lymphoid nodes. Frequent diagnoses and diagnoses giving severe complications are more deeply elaborated.
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Food allergy in patients elder than 14 years with atopic dermatitis - clinical significance of certain immunological parameters
Čelakovská, Jarmila ; Ettler, Karel (advisor) ; Bystroň, Jaromír (referee) ; Dastychová, Eliška (referee)
Food allergy is now recognized as a worldwide medical problem, as food allergy prevalence is gradually increasing. The importance of food allergy in children with atopic eczema, especially during first three years of life, was confirmed by extensive studies. Up to now, studies dealing with food allergy in adult patients suffering from atopic eczema, are rare. It was shown that severe eczema could be worsened by pollen related foods in studies with limited number of patients. However, the significance of food allergy to common food allergens (cow milk, wheat, soy, egg) in adult patients with atopic eczema is very likely underestimated. The aim of our study was to follow the occurence of food allergy to cow milk and wheat flour, respectively, and to evaluate the clinical value of atopy patch test, elimination diet, and other diagnostic methods in the diagnostic work - up of food allergy in patients with atopic eczema over 14 years of age compared to double - blind, placebo controlled food challenge, which is considered as a gold standard in diagnostic work - up of food allergy. Food allergy to cow milk and wheat flour was confirmed in five patients (3,4 %) from 149 patients enrolled to this study (in one patient simultaneously to cow milk and wheat, in four patients to wheat) by double - blind,...
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The Immune response in critically ill patients
Melichová, Jana ; Průcha, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zazula, Roman (referee)
Cardiosurgery is a potent activator of the immune response similar to sepsis in critically ill patients. Therefore the differential diagnostics of infectious and non-infectious etiology plays an important role. The aim of the study was to compare the biomarkers in the diagnostics of patients after cardiosurgery and in septic patients. 24 patients fulfilling criteria of sepsis and 8 patients after cardio surgery were involved in the study. We demonstrated higher specificity and sensitivity of PCT in comparison with CRP at diagnostics of sepsis. sTREM-1, expression of TREM-1 on monocytes, TREM-1 on granulocytes and the number of FoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes do not provide a reliable differential diagnostics of infectious and non-infectious etiology of examined group of the patients. The number of lymphocytes in patients with sepsis is a useful parameter at this diagnostics. Cardiosurgery represent a significant impulse for the evocation of the systemic inflammatory response of non-infectious etiology.
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Determination and diagnostics of beta-hemolytics streptococcus in clinical microbiology
VOŘÍŠKOVÁ, Martina
The genus of Streptococcus includes gram-positive catalase of negative coccus, which rank into pairs and chains and their colonies are also sometimes very small in enriched soils. Most of species are selectively anaerobic. This genus includes a large number of species with different significance for people ´s disorders, and also the species significant for veterinary medicine. Beta-hemolytic or pyogenic Streptococci important in human medicine include first of all streptococci of A and B group. Streptococcus pyogenes (A group) is the cause of either localised purulent infections, or invasive and toxic diseases, and also late consequences of these infections. The carrying of beta-hemolytic streptococci of B group (Streptococcus agalactiae) is significant especially in pregnant women because it can threaten the mother and the newborn as well. They are the most important causers of newborn meningitis and sepsis. The aim of the thesis is to find out information of determination and detection methods concerning beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is necessary to devote our attention to each streptococcus and determine its type by cultivation, eventually by further supplementary methods. The main role in diagnostics is played by classical cultivation in common (blood agar) or special enriched soils. Each microbiological laboratory chooses its own laboratory procedures. The use of cultivation for capture of beta-hemolytic streptococci and determination of their types by PYR test (for the proof of A group streptococci) and latex agglutination (for confirmation of other groups) seem to be the most convenient. CAMP-test is still the most frequently used method for the proof of group B streptococci. For exclusion of later consequences the assessment of anti-streptolysin O (ASLO) or antideoxyribonuclasis B (ADNB) in serum are often used. All beta-hemolytic streptococci must be regarded as important pathogens namely in whatever locality, that is why the knowledge of basic and special laboratory methods which lead to identification of particular types of these streptococci is very important for clinical microbiology and the treatment of patients.
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Angiographic examination of lower limb arteries using CT and MR.
BICAN, Václav
Angiographic examination of arteries of lower extremities by CT and MR methods. At present, CT and MR are frequently applied methods in the diagnostics of diseases affecting the arteries of lower extremities (LE). These are mini-invasive examination methods, replacing in the Hospital of Písek, a.s. the invasive DAS examination method. At present, the disease of arteries of lower extremities is one of the frequent indications bringing the patients with certain problems limiting him in the usual life and endangering his life in case of the present pathology without surgical treatment, to the CT and MR workplaces. In this thesis, I deal with advantages of the performance of the angiographic examination of the arteries of lower extremities by the method of the computer tomography and magnetic resonance at the radio-diagnostic ward of the Hospital of Písek, a.s. from the viewpoint of time demands, price of examination, processing and evaluating the acquired data. In the theoretical part, I describe shortly the anatomy of the arteries of lower extremities and their diseases bringing the patient to CT or MR workplaces for the performance of AG examination. The application of KL i.v. the characteristics, indications and contraindications of which are also included in this part is closely connected with AG examination. Last but not least I describe CT and MR theory. In the practical part, I deal with materials associated with the necessary appliances and computer equipment of the CT and MR workplace of the Hospital in Písek, a.s.. It is followed by the description of the performance of AG examination of the arteries of LE by Toshiba Aquilion at CT workplace and by Toshiba Excelart Vantage 1,5T at MR workplace. The result of work is the comparison of the applied amount of KL between CT and MR examination methods, financial demands of the KL applied into the blood stream and the price of the completed examination after KL application. Another task was the comparison of time demands of both examinations; I came to the satisfactory result proving the advantages of the CT examination method. Thanks to opinions acquired from two independent physicians I came to the conclusion that CT examination is more advantageous in the sense of processing and evaluation of the acquired data than the MR examination.
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Contrast-enhanced MR angiography utilizing parallel acquisition techniques in renal artery stenosis detection
Slanina, Martin ; Žižka, Jan (advisor) ; Vymazal, Josef (referee) ; Ferda, Jiří (referee)
Contrast-enhanced MR angiography utilizing parallel acquisition techniques in renal artery stenosis detection Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic value of contrast- enhanced MR angiography (MRA) utilizing parallel acquisition techniques in the detection of renal artery stenosis (RAS). Material and Methods: 81 hypertensive subjects with suspected RAS were examined on a 1.5 T MR system with body array coil. Bolus tracking was used to monitor the arrival of contrast agent to the abdominal aorta. The MRA sequence parameters were as follows: TR 3.7 ms; TE 1.2 ms; flip angle 25ř; acquisition time 18 s; voxel size 1.1 mm × 1.0 mm × 1.1 mm; centric k-space sampling; parallel acquisition techniques with acceleration factor of 2 (GRAPPA). Renal artery stenosis of 60% and more was considered hemodynamically significant. The results of MRA were compared to digital subtraction angiography serving as a standard of reference. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRA in the detection of hemodynamically significant RAS were 91%, 96%, 94% and 94%, respectively. Prevalence of RAS was 41% in our study population. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced MRA with high spatial resolution offers sufficient sensitivity and specificity for screening of...
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Boston Naming Test in preoperative examination in patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Libertínová, Jana ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
Theoretical part of this thesis concems Pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Epilepsy surgery as an important option of the treatment of these patients. lt introduces respective methods used in complex preoperative diagnostics stressing the neuropsychological preoperative examination. Majority of basic cognitive functions - memory, speech and IQ - are lateralised. Functionality of temporallobe is reflected by ability of naming. We introduce the Boston Naming Test (BNT) used in preoperative diagnostics of pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients to locate the epileptogenic region. Empirical part concems Czech adaptation and standardisation of BNT and describes pivotal study with 38 healthy persons and 38 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Main objective was to check criterial validity ofBNT" Statistical analysis shows highly significant differencies between scores of healthy controls and epilepsy patients. (p < 0,000). Test shows 80% sensitivity and 92% specificity.
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