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Diets for food allergies
DOBRUSKÁ, Klára
I have chosen topic Diet with Food Allergy as a topic of my bachelor thesis. This illness is quite common these days. It affect infants mostly but allergy of cow´s milk protein of children under three years disappears itself mostly. There is increasing amount of causes when patient suffers more allergies. Number of people who have the most serious reaction the anaphylactic shock, icreeases. It can end with death. Doctors recommend to patients to strictly follow the elimination diet which is basic treatment of this illness. The most accurate diagnosis of illness (immunological or not) is another important factor for effective treatment. I have chosen three aims for this bachelor thesis. First to find out if patients are informed about their illness. Second to map eating habbits of people with food allergy. Third the evaluation of correctness of daily menus. I used approach of guality research. Research group consisted of six respondents with different food allergy. Those respondents wrote down their weeks menus. Menus were evaluated with program Nutriservis and it was assessed if it follows recommended dietary value. Suitable intake of energy and essential nutrients was calculated for every respondent. It was evaluated if respondents follows priciples of rational diet and if their diet contains sufficient amount of minerals and vitamins. Questionnaires were another key point of this research. Questionnaires were about illness know-how of patients and who has instructed them about it. It was found out the patients hasn´t got enough information about their illness and half of them has no idea which essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins could lack in their diet. It resulted from menus simultaneously that five of six respondents do not follow principles of rational diet and eat very monotonously. Only one respondent follows strictly elimination diet others violate diet exceptionally. Respondets would appreciate other research would focus on creation of special centres and training of doctors and nutritional therapist who would be focused on food allergies. Spreading the information about illness not only to patients but to public also is really important. Another important point is to increase amount of books about food allergies at the market.
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How to prevent the proliferation of Legionella pneumophylis in hot water in the hospital Czech Krumlov
TUREK, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with microbiological quality of hot water in a hospital in Cesky Krumlov as well as hot water piping condition with respect to Legionella. It also deals with arrangements for improving the quality of hot water in this hospital. The subject and target of this thesis are the findings of the mentioned parameters based on own observations, technical documentation and analysis of warm water performed by an accredited laboratory. The hospital in Cesky Krumlov, the construction of which began in 1909, was built in 1911 as the 'Nemocnice Císaře Františka Josefa I.' As the time went by, new buildings were built up. The hospital was renamed to 'Všeobecná veřejná nemocnice' in 1942. In the following years the hospital expanded until the current condition. Water quality and presence of Legionella is a world-wide issue, which we must fight against. The thesis is divided into two parts. First, theoretical part, which includes both general and specific knowledge about Legionella, its health risks, the environment in which it occurs, possibilities of eliminating, suitability of the material for hot water pipes, gained in professional literature and a part of the Czech legislation dealing with public health protection, the law 'No. 258/2004 Coll.' in actual version and quality of drinking water and hot water. In the second, empirical part, I focus on the situation of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov from 2009 till 2015, concerning newly built boiler room and the whole distribution system of hot water regarding Legionella. Particularly I focused on materials used for ecologisation of the gas boiler room and materials used for hot water pipes and actual state of water distribution in individual buildings of this health care facility. I mentioned the analysis of the water samples performed by an accredited laboratory with corresponding technical documentation, which concerns the water distribution system, provided by the medical facility. I used secondary data analysis to evaluate these documents. Regarding the results from 2009 to 2015 the microbiological quality of warm water doesn't meet the limits defined in the Attachment No. 3 of the above mentioned law Order 252/2004 Coll. Limit value for colony forming units of Legionella is set to maximum of 100 CFU. In most of the samples this limit was exceeded by series of units up to hundred thousands of units. The last results in 2015 prove improvement of the unfavorable situation. In that year the analysis was tested three times. First in February, where the CFU units were 'only' in hundreds, with the top value of 550 CFU in the Postacute Care ward. Second analysis was performed in June that same year. Results were acceptable. The highest value was 64 CFU. Last analysis in the hospital was performed in December. Increased concentration of Legionella was again in the Surgery building. There were established of 1400 colony forming units. There were 300 CFU in the Postacute Care ward and the limit value of 100 CFU was in the ward of Internal medicine. The answers to research questions 'How to prevent reproduction of Legionella peumophylis in the water distribution system of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov?' and 'How to ensure a sufficient amount of quality hot water in the medical facility?' are included at the end of the stated recommendations. A risk factor causing the fast reproduction of Legionella is the old water distribution system in most of the buildings and low water temperature of water leaving the boiler, which is 55°C. All mentioned results and evaluations are included in this thesis as well as attached pictures, which show the environment and situation within the Health Care Institutions.
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Students´ motivation for the work in social sphere
DUCHOŇOVÁ, Kristýna
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the motivation of students to work in the social sphere. Selecting a domain is an important milestone in the life of each of us, the aim of the work is to determine what factors affect the young person during the election field with a social focus and how his motives during his studies and during his practical experience varies.The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the social work and its history, definition, ethical standards and goals. The work deals with the role of a social worker and describes his competence. Presents preconditions for occupational choice and the factors that influence this choice. It also deals with motivation, defines it and acquaints us with concepts such as motive, value or need. Work is affected by motivation theories and recalls the hierarchy of needs of Maslow. In the seclusion does not stay the work motivation in helping professions, questionable motives or burnout, which occurs currently in the social sphere more frequently than in other sectors. The practical part is focused on quantitative research, when the survey begins with primary school pupils who have just chosen their future focus. This part aims to determine what percentage of these students opted for the social sphere and what lead to this decision. Further quantitative research conducted among high school and college students who attend branch with a social focus. Here, the work reveals the most common and most important motives of students, satisfaction with the chosen field of study and their expectations of future studies and career. Here we will also learn how many students want after graduation stay in the field. In the practical part there is also a qualitative research, which complements the whole job. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with students, but also with a social worker. These respondents describe us closer their motivation for working in the social sphere. According to the results which this research brought, it can be stated that most of the students choose a subject with a social focus to have the opportunity to help the others. But is true that many students are choosing a school prematurely and are influenced by the place of residence, their friends or the nature of the study, most of these people don´t know what they can expect from the field and are often discouraged during their studies. From this work could in practice benefit pupils and students who decide for the field of social affairs. For teachers working in schools where the research took place,could this work serve as a feedback. Especially the part which describes the differences between expectations and reality can be used.
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Iniciace pohybu byčíku, signalizace a regulace pohyblivosti spermií ryb: fyzikální a biochemické řízení
PROKOPCHUK, Galina
The current study attempted to shed light on the regulatory processes and response arrangements of fish spermatozoa during the course of maturation and motility initiation. The first intent of this study was to improve the understanding of the mechanism underlying the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in sturgeon. Up to present work, the physiological process underlying sperm maturation in this species has not been described at all. Our results showed that sperm maturation in sturgeon occurs outside the testes because of dilution of sperm by urine and involves the participation of high molecular weight substances as well as calcium ions present in seminal fluid and/or urine. The second aim of the present study was to investigate the coping mechanisms in fish spermatozoa with osmotic and ionic activating mode, as well as in spermatozoa of euryhaline fishes, to various environmental conditions. We showed that alteration of environmental osmolality might affect the fish sperm in different ways, depending on fish species and modes of spermatozoa motility activation either osmotic or ionic mode. In response to osmotic stress caused by hypotonicity, carp spermatozoa regulated the flow of water across their cell membrane and increased their cytoplasmic volume during their short motility period. In contrast, no indications of sperm volume changes were observed neither in sterlet nor in brook trout spermatozoa, both of which having an ionic mode of motility activation. We also examined the mechanism by which sperm motility triggering in euryhaline fishes can adapt to a broad range of environmental salinity. Our results demonstrated that spermatozoa of euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, reared in fresh-, sea- or hypersaline water can be activated in hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic conditions of swimming milieu, provided Ca2+ ions are present at various levels. It was established that the higher the fish rearing salinity or the more hypertonic ambient media at spermatozoa activation, the higher extracellular concentration of Ca2+ ions is required. The results obtained in the present study allow suggesting that osmolality is not the main factor inhibiting sperm motility inside the testis in the S. melanotheron heudelotii. A third aim of this study was investigation of the regulation of motility initiation process and description of flagellar beating initiation in chondrostean spermatozoa. We detected that K+ inhibition of sperm motility in sturgeon can be by-passed due to the pre-exposure of sperm cells to a high osmolality shock prior to its transfer to K+-rich swimming media. Thus, we hypothesized that sturgeon spermatozoa may be activated by use of an unexpected signaling pathway, independent from regular ionic stimulation. The successive activation steps in sturgeon spermatozoa were investigated by high-speed video microscopy, using specific experimental situation, where sperm motility initiation was delayed in time up to several seconds. At motility initiation, the first couple of bends formed at the basal region begins to propagate towards the flagellar tip, but gradually fades when reaching the mid-flagellum. This behavior repeats several times until a stage where the amplitudes of bends gradually reach similar value, what eventually leads to sperm progressive displacement. The total period needed for the flagellum to switch from immobility with rigid shape to full activity with regular propagating bends ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 seconds. In conclusion, the results of the current study bring valuable pieces of information into the general understanding of the processes of maturation of fish spermatozoa, their adaptability to different physical and biochemical circumstances, the extra- and intra-cellular signaling as well as the regulatory mechanisms of motility activation in fish spermatozoa.
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Is there a relation between arts and quality of life?
Krutská, Simona ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
This work discusses the potential of art to influence quality of life. The theoretical part introduces general aesthetic-psychological principles, thanks to which art work can appeal to us, having the goal of expressing what is typical and essential for art as a whole, and introduce art work as a place of meeting and a challenge for personal growth with the goal to distinguish it, through this characteristic, from other ways of spending free time. Furthermore, the theoretical part briefly introduces the development of the concept of quality of life including the definition of its overlapping to the philosophical anchoring in the conception of humanistic, phenomenological and positive psychology, and it presents research, which, at least indirectly, deals with the topic of art and quality of life. The actual research part compares the subjectively perceived quality of life of people interested in art (conservatory students, n = 73) with a comparative group (high school students, n = 66), with a focus on the present situation as well as future expectations. The research results show that the conservatory students attain higher values attesting higher perceived quality of life. However, in order to deduce the chain of causation it is necessary to conduct further research in this area.
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Management of production populations of forest tree species utilizing methods of mathematical programing
Hořejší, Matouš ; Lstibůrek, Milan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jan (referee)
Breeding of forest tree species is a great opportunity for the entire forestry sector to succeed in the present modern World. Genetically improved forest trees have much better growing quality and they can sustain higher stress and unfavorable climatic conditions.
Efficient algorithms are necessary for optimizing and establishing seed orchards. These should optimally select clones as parents in future seed orchards. In the present thesis, we developed model, based on mathematical programming methods, which creates mix of clones with the maximum breeding value and constraints on genetic diversity.
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Scattering of Sun Radiation on Microparticles in a Closed Environment of Water Bath
Jelínek, Marek ; Pecen, Josef (advisor) ; Zeman, Josef (referee)
This thesis deals with an alternative technology used to illuminate spaces without access to daylight. Technology uses primarily scattering and also reflection and refraction of sunlight in the optical environment of the PET bottles with water and microparticles. The base of technology consists of a plastic bottle filled with water with microparticles and positioned so that it vertically penetrates the roof interior. The effect of scattering of sunlight in the bottle is amplified by using a suitable material of the microparticles.
Review of literature deals with areas that the technology is primarily designed for and the current state of expansion. The principle of technology and factors affecting its efficiency are explained.
The aim of the experiment was limited testing and selection of suitable material of microparticles and their concentration for the possibility of practical use within the technology described. Several measurements were performed of the intensity ratio of incident and scattered light using selected materials of microparticles of various concentrations. Based on the obtained values and their comparison a solution containing 0.5 g of limestone into 1.5 l of water was selected as the most suitable optical environment for the solution.
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Effect of dairy cows housing technology on mastitis occurrence
Brzáková, Lenka ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The objective of my bachelor thesis was evaluation of quality of housing, milking and making analysis of mastitis on chosen farm.
First part of the thesis contains of literature summary about housing technologies, mastitis issues, their detection, originators, therapy and factors affects against their incidence. Thereafter is this part focused on tipes of milking parlours, corect milking procedures and mechanized milking.
Materials and methodes of the thesis contains the characteristics of chosen farm where the quality and technology of housing, milking and nutrition of milk cows and other factors affecting presence of mastitis such as taking care of cloven hooves was watched in 2014. The incidence, detection and curation of mastitis was watched afterwards. Montamilk s.r.o. farm cradles 1,200 pieces of cattle and milk cows are about 419 out of it.
In the part of thesis named results was watched and evaluated inspection of efficiency in inspecting year 2013 - 2014, which was stated on first lactated cows and on cows which are on second and further lactation. Milk yield was far better with cows on second or futher lactation according to data gathered during the study and expressed by diagram. Diagram of milk components (fat and proteins), which was divided by lactation, was expressed in this part too. Other examinated parameters was occurrence of mastitis - which milk cows, in which season is the occurrence more often, treatment and cost of treatment for one cow. At the end the number of somatic cells for 2014 was represented in diagram for particular lactations.
In part of thesis called discusion the comparison was drowed between results from chosen farm and national average of efficiency checks. From results is obvious that milk cow in Mnotamilk has been better in first lactated cows by 427 kg and in second and more lactated cows by 602 kg than is the avarage in Czech republic.
Far more the milk components in Montamilk was compared with rest of Czech republic and the results was quite similar. The volume of fat of Montamilk cows was lower in every lactation in comparison with milk cows from Czech. Value of fat in Czech republic avarage first lactated cows is 3,87 % in Montamilk 3,85 % and the value of fat on second and more lactation cows is 3,86 % in Czech average and 3,81 % in Montamilk.
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The influence of time in feed enrichment with unsaturated fatty acids to selected parameters of pig carcass value with regard to the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat
Pantoflíček, Jiří ; Čítek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Miloslav, Miloslav (referee)
The thesis aims to evaluate the impact of aliment with higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids, consumed for a different period of time, to utilitarian attributes of pigs before a slaughter, with respect to the composition of fatty acids in the intramuscular fat of tested animals.
The factors that influence the quality of meat are interior, exterior and technological. Among the qualitative markers of quality of meat we rank the share of meat and fat, acidification rate, color, viscosity, contents of intramuscular fat (marbling), smell, taste, juiciness and delicacy. Together with hygienic and nutritive attributes, consumers and processors consider these technological and sensory aspects to be the most important.
The ultimate goal of this thesis is to compare the impact of different length of feeding soy oil on parameters of pork meat quality and growth.
However, the interference of growth attributes was inconclusive and the test result came similar in different groups of tested pigs.
What was influenced by adding the soy oil into the feed is the fatty acids profile. The contents of fatty acids remained unchanged in every test group. Over time the content of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. The most significant change occurred in representation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which increased in the test groups with longer period of feeding with enriched feed, mostly at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids.
The differences between the test groups of pigs were statistically inconclusive; therefore the soy oil enrichment did not worsen the technological parameters of meat and fat quality.
The longer period of feeding the soy oil enriched feed led to significant increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids. According to the findings, adding the soy oil into the feed will have no effect at all if done short time before the slaughter.
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Clinical biochemical indicators used in diagnostics of equine diseases
Puldová, Doubravka ; Ptáčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Krejčířová, Romana (referee)
The thesis aims to compile overview of main biochemical indicators that are important in for diagnostics of equine diseases.
Clinical biochemistry is a medical discipline that uses biochemistry and pathobiochemistry for the determination of diagnosis based on activity changes of analytes observed. Laboratory evaluation of analytes has three phases: pre-analytical (preparation of patient to sampling, sampling and sample storage and transport), analytic (analysis) and post-analytical (evaluation of results, veterinarian also contributes in this part). Pre-analytial phase is the most time consuming and also the most error prone. The errors mostly occur during preparation of the patient, during sampling or sample transportation. The most analyzed materials for biochemical analysis are blood, urine and liquor.
Biochemical indicators are compound that are often influenced by the disease, therefore it is possible to use them for the diagnosis. Nitrogen metabolism indicators include proteins, urea, creatinine and ammonia. Enzymes (aminotransferase, gama-glutamyltransferase, glutamatedehydrogenase, lactatedehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinkinase and sorbitoldehydrogenase are the main indicators of liver function (they contribute on the metabolism of another compounds) or of the fitness of horse. Glucose and lactate values indicate energetic metabolism, cholesterol and triglycerides indicate lipid metabolism. Water and electrolyte metabolism indicators are sodium, potassium and chlorides. The mineral profile is shown by calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.
The result of determination of analytes is compared with reference values that are not only species-specific but can be also influenced by age or sex. These values represent the range of the compound concentration in body fluid under physiological conditions. It is important to take the clinical symptoms into the account. Not all indicators that are usually indicated in human medicine or different animals are suitable for diagnosis of equine diseases. Majority of indicators diagnose equine-rare diseases (i.e. diabetes mellitus or hepatitis). Determinations of muscle enzymes and lactate are important for the fitness analysis.
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