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Productivity dynamics of herb layer in the thermophilous oakwood in the Nature Reservation Na Voskopě (Czech Karst) with respect to the solar radiation intensity
Mevald, Ondřej ; Černý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The Nature Reserve Na Voskopě is a special site where a long-term experiment was established in 2013, dealing with the switch of a long abandoned coppice back to its actively managed form. The project aims to examine the long-term impact of the proposed measures on the structure and diversity of plant species in herb layer especially in lighter woods at lower altitudes. The specific aim of this study was to examine the hypothesized crucial role of light conditions on the dynamics of plant biomass production in the undergrowth of such experimentally opened up thermophilous oak-dominated stand. A design was set up based on 40 permanent plots, where there were taken biomass samples from the herb layer in 2015. Further on, hemispherical images of forest canopy were photographed in the centre of each permanent plot. These images were evaluated in the analytical program WinScanopy, which calculates the amount of direct and diffuse radiation. The obtained datasets were evaluated by the regression analysis. The only decisive variable affecting the productivity of the herb layer turned to be diffuse radiation. The biomass data were also compared with light conditions sampled in the previous season (2014) as a part of ongoing experimental research. Season 2014 is characterized as a normal one and we managed to find a much stronger relationship between light conditions in 2014 and biomass productivity in 2015. Light conditions in season 2015 were significantly affected by the extremely dry and hot weather leading to strong defoliation of forest canopy. Still, we managed to demonstrate the positive impact of light conditions for the production of herb layer biomass. Weather extremes may also indicate an increase in biomass production in the next season, since a significant proportion of nutrients remained unused in the soil due to stopping the growth of vegetation. The current composition of the vegetation is very often determined by the extreme events in the abiotic environment occurring not long ago. Hemispherical images also proved as a very effective way to determine the light conditions, so it is also recommended to use for further research.
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Actual state in the 2015 year of the Nun Moth (Lymantria monacha) in the Brdy region
Vondřich, Vladimír ; Šrůtka, Petr (advisor) ; Nakládal, Oto (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze actual state of the nun moth (Lymantria monacha L.) in the Brdy region in the year 2015. The main objective was to determine its population density. For the research several sites were selected in which three monitoring methods were used: adhesive tree bands, dropping method and pheromone-baited traps. The results revealed that the nun moth only occurs in the forest in minimal numbers. Another objective was to evaluate colour forms of moths and determine connection between colour forms of caterpillars and moths. For the lack of captured caterpillars no results were acquired. The majority of moths caught on pheromone-baited traps had gray colouring and relatively small number of moths (21%) had basic (white) colouring.
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Diet structure of Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in the Ore Moutains in 2014-2015: the effect of laying date on the presence of Apodemus mice and Sorex shrews
Řánková, Kristýna ; Šťastný, Karel (advisor) ; Hanel, Jan (referee)
The study of feed ecology of Tengmalm s owl has been progressing at the department of ecology at the Environmental Science of the Czech University of Agriculture in Prague since 1999. Feed is examined in Loučen part of the area of the Ore Mountains, which is destroyed by imisions, in the surrounding of Fláj barrier with the extent of 70 km2. Researching part is situated in the northwest area of the Czech Republic.
My part of the research of Tengmalms owl s feed was progressed in 2014-2015 and carried out by the method of analysing of pellets and residues which are from nesting boxes. The total amount of the analysed prey animals was 1608 individuals from 32 samples, from which there were 1575 mammals (Mammalia) (97,9 %) and 33 birds (Aves) (2,1 %). In 2014, 6 samples were analysed. In these, 259 pieces of prey were determined. The following year it was 26 samples, in which 1349 pieces of prey were determined.
The substitution of mammals had this composition in 2014-2015: Apodemus sp. - 52,8 %, Microtus agrestis - 25,1 %, Microtus sp. - 8,0 %, Sorex araneus - 3,0 %, Clethrionomys glareolus - 2,7 %, Microtus arvalis - 2,0 %, Muscardinus avellonarius - 0,6 %, Sorex minutus - 0,5 %, Micromys minutus - 0,1 %. The substitution of birds was following: Turdus philomelos - 0,4 %, Phylloscopus sp. - 0,4 %, Aegolius funereus - 0,2 %, Erithacus rebecula - 0,2 %, Pyrrhula pyrrhula - 0,2 %, Fringilla celebs - 0,1 %, Parus major - 0,1 %, Anthus trivialis - 0,1 %, Carduelis cannabina - 0,1 %, Ficedula sp. - 0,1 %, Garrulus glandarius - 0,1 %, Regulus regulus - 0,1 %, Sylvia atricapilla - 0,1 %, Turdus merula - 0,1 %. The first aim was to classify the substitution of Shrews and Apodemus mice in the relation to the time of nesting of Tengmalms owl. Big difference in share of Apodemus mice and Tengmalms owl was given in feed of Tengmalms owl in following 2014-2015. In 2014 Apodemus mice were 19,3 % of feed while they were 59,4 % in 2015. In 2014 Apodemus mice were 18,8 % food of Tengmalms owl, while it was 3,9 % in 2015.
Next it was found out that in 2014 substitution of neither Apodemus mice (Apodemus sp.), nor Tengmalms owl in feed of those ones didnt change during their nesting so much, the influence of the time of their nesting wasnt determined. During nesting time in 2015 share of Apodemus mice in feed of Tengmalms owl was brought down, it means that the couples nesting in the season earlier hunted more Apodemus mice. The substitution of Apodemus mice hasnt changed (the influence on the time of nesting wasnt shown).
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Institution President of the Republic in the legal order of the Czech republic from the point of view its election
Huptychová, Natálie ; Civínová, Denisa (advisor) ; Cvik, Eva Daniela (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on a president, especially from the point of view its election. The first part focuses on the institute of president in the Czech Constitution,
and the election of the president. The practical part focuses specifically on the first direct election of the president to the Czech Republic, which took place in 2013. Gives information about the presidential candidates, who were candidates in 2013, their nomination during the campaign, campaign financing, and control the financing of these campaigns. Based on the information then evaluates the candidates' campaigns,
and compares the detected information with the theoretical bases of the theoretical part, and examines if the course of direct presidential election in 2013 was conducted
in accordance with the applicable laws of the Czech Republic.
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The issue of management of properties at selected government departments
Fajfr, Pavel ; Civínová, Denisa (advisor) ; Cvik, Eva Daniela (referee)
The Bachelor´s Thesis deals with the issue of the usage of the immovable property owned by the state from the point of view of the organizations which are competent for the management of the property. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on characterizing the development of the landed property ownership in the Czech Republic and on defining the term immovable property (focusing on possession and use relationship to a piece of land). Further, the thesis contains description of the development in the landed property ownership in the Czech Republic before and after the year 1989. Then, the possession and use relationships towards a piece of land are defined as well as various prices of rentals/ ground rent (specialized in setting the price usual at the spot an in the time). The practical part is devoted to defining the immovable property of the state and who is competent to manage the property on behalf of the State Land Office; and to comparing statistical data. The data compared are: the price of rentals/ ground rent which is used by the District Land Office for the Hradec Králové District and the prices in towns and municipalities in the Hradec Králové District (division made according to the former Counties). The literary search of the legal regulations and other literature is used in the theoretical part; the quantitative method of evaluating questionnaires is used in the practical part. The aim of the questionnaires is to find out the price of the rentals/ ground rent which is usual at the spot and in the time for renting a piece of land in the Hradec Králové District. This price is further applied when setting the price of rentals/ ground rents in the newly signed contracts of the District Land Office in the Hradec Králové District.
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Effect of selected factors on reproductive characteristics of dairy cows
Šťásková, Michaela ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of selected factors on the reproductive characteristics of Montbeliard dairy cows. Hypothesis said that high milk production, poor health and high air temperatures have a negative effect on reproductive indicators of cows.
In the literature review, there were summarized knowledge about the factors affecting fertility, reproductive indicators and a description of the breed. Observation was carried out on the farm Osičky, which is one of the centers of the company Agrodružstvo Lhota pod Libčany. To assess the influence of milk yield and health were monitored all standard lactations of dairy cows, which were completed in the period from 1. 1. 2014 to 31. 12. 2015. This gave rise to a set of 632 lactations.
To evaluate the milk production was data set divided by the number of lactation, quarter of calving and the rate of milk production into three groups. As a disease with an expected negative impact on fertility, mastitis was selected. Besides air temperature, the relative humidity was assessed too. Indicators such as days open, days from calving to calving and services per conception were evaluated. In order to assess the impact of climate change on fertility data file was divided into 3 groups of air temperature, by quarter, according to the category of cows and by calendar year. Services per conception, pregnancy after the first insemination and pregnancy after all insemination, were assessed. Data could be obtained only from a whole herd of cows and heifers. For statistical evaluation has been used SAS 9.3 software (SAS / STAT 9.3, 2011).
Achieved an average length of days open was 98.07 days, days from calving to calving 380.62 days, services per conception was 1.94, pregnancy after the first insemination in heifers 54.28% and 48.43% in cows, yield per lactation was 8 407, 98 kg of milk with fat contents of 3.65 % and a protein contents of 3.53 %. Mastitis occurred only in 17.72 % of cases. The average monthly air temperature during the year 2014 ranged from 1.3 ° C to 21.2 ° C, in 2015 it was 1.5 ° C - 23.2 ° C.
From the results of the regression analysis, it was found that the milk production per lactation had a statistically significant effect on the length of the days open (r = 0.214; P <0.001), services per conception (r = 0.296; P <0.001) and days from calving to calving (r = 0.147; P < 0.01). Therefore we can talk about the significant influence of milk production per lactation. With the increasing amount of milk kg days open and days from calving to calving extended and services per conception also grew. Analysis of variance confirmed the effect of the amount of milk yield per lactation on days from calving to calving (P <0.05), days open (P <0.001) and services per conception (P <0.001). Furthermore, quarter of calving had a significant effect (P <0.05) on services per conception and days open and the effect of category on pregnancy after all insemination (P <0.01) and services per conception has been demonstrated (P <0.05). Heifers showed demonstrably better results of assessed reproductive characteristics compared to cows. There was no effect of the incidence of mastitis on days open, days from calving to calving and services per conception proven (P> 0.05). Effect of air temperature on services per conception, pregnancy after the first insemination and pregnancy after all insemination, was not statistically proven (P > 0.05). Furthermore it has been approved many correlations between different parameters at the levels of significance (P < 0.001, P < 0.05).
The hypothesis was confirmed only for the negative impact of high milk production, but the impact of poor health and high air temperatures on reproduction was not approved. The results indicate a healthy herd in terms of mastitis, good management of breeding, which minimizes heat stress and which is of relatively high milk yield and proven negative impact of high milk production to reproduction, achieved a good level of reproduction.
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The quality of water sources in the Czech Republic
Boháčová, Tereza ; Petrtýl, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kyriánová, Iveta Angela (referee)
The following bachelor thesis on the subject of The quality of water sources in the Czech Republic is supposed to introduce its readers to both historical development and current state of surface water quality in the Czech Republic. The works methodology is creation of a literature review of available scientific literature and especially Reports on surface water quality in particular river basins. The first part briefly describes Czech hydrological network and basic water quality indicators. The second part deals with the development of surface water quality in particular river basins. Another part of the work describes legal measures concerning surface water protection.
In the last century, surface water contamination was considered one of the biggest environmental problems in our country. Waste water flowing into surface water were not perfectly treated and often werent treated at all. Because of this and also because of intense industry development, surface water was highly polluted. It wasnt until 1989, when the surface water quality improved significantly, mainly due to reduction of contaminants discharge, waste water treatment plants and sewerage system construction and development. Main danger for quality of rivers after 1989 were floods in 1997 and 2002, during which water treatment plants outage were often and dangerous chemicals were leaking from factories.
The main finding of this work is the fact that quality of surface water in Czech Republic is much better than in the last century. However, it is still needed, that we focus on smaller rivers which are being endangered the most by discharge of contaminants from villages that dont have their own waste water treatment plants.
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Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) as a laboratory animal and its use in experiments
Šlajerová, Markéta ; Masopustová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The thesis on the topic of the use of laboratory swine in biomedical research is focused on the detailed description of phylogeny and domestication of the species Sus scrofa and the origin of its domesticated form Sus scrofa domestica, a laboratory breeding, nutrition, requirements for space and the animal health conditions. Physiological and anatomical similarities pig with the human organism offers a wide range of the applications in various sectors of the medical research. Pigs, or rather the mini pig breeds are part of the preclinical testing of drugs in toxicology. In dermatology tend to be an experimental model in the healing wounds and burns, or the study of melanoma. Cardiovascular system of pigs is used in connection with the formation of atherosclerosis and congenital heart defects. The omnivorousness of pigs to test of dietary supplements; is also monitored in experimental diabetes, gastric ulcer or cirrhosis of the liver. Just the liver and their ability to regenerate them is in the laboratory pigs the focus of many research groups around the world. The central nervous system offers the opportunity to study stroke, or spinal cord injury. In transgenic animals is studied Huntington's disease and its treatment in humans. Titanium implants and various types of biomaterials are injected into the skeletal system of a pig, then reactions and bone healing are examined. In the area of experimental xenotransplantation could in the future be strains of genetically modified pigs become a source of organs for humans. While unresolved problem is the HAR-Hyperacute Rejection so rejection of the implant, and the risk of transmission of certain diseases from pigs to humans. Payoff experimental pigs is of undoubted importance and need this potential wisely and purposefully use, without wasting experimental animals and unnecessary pain. Emphasis should be placed on adherence to regulatory compliance and the concept of 3R.
Actual laboratory pigs breeding is at a high standard. Unfortunately, his major weakness on global scale is incomplete reported data related to exact values used pigs in experiments.
In the Czech Republic was the most laboratory pigs used in 1994 exactly 6882 pieces, in 1998 has been used 7122 pieces, higher number of laboratory swine was also reported for the year 2009, namely 4445 pieces. In recent years, the numbers of used laboratory pigs in the Czech Republic have settled around an average value of 2,400 pieces. Using the Mann-Whitney U test were compared to the values used in the laboratory pigs Czech Republic and the European Union, on a per capita basis. From the resulting value of p = 0.486, bigger than alpha = 0.05 it follows, that was not proved a difference in the use of experimental pigs between the Czech Republic and the other member states of the European Union. On the basis of the carried out statistical survey, it can be concluded that the fluctuations and trends in the use of laboratory pigs in the Czech Republic do not replicate those european. The established hypothesis was confirmed.
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Influence of rootstock on growth and fertility of choosen sweet cherry varieties
Englisch, Jakub ; Sus, Josef (advisor) ; Zíka, Lukáš (referee)
The main aim today is to improve the cultivation of fruits and intensification of production for satisfactory market supply quality products. This can be achieved by selecting an appropriate combination of base-variety and cultivation using perspective shape (spindle). The newly founded modern planting in the growing spindle-shaped when in use slow- growing rootstock up to several hundred more trees per hectare of orchards and fertility beginning to enter the third year, which is significantly earlier than in past years. In earlier planting was used, lusher rootstocks, but also used other forms of cultivation. Weakly vigorous rootstocks were represented in my attempt rootstock P-HL-A and Gisela 5.
The theoretical part focuses on the general demands of growing cherries, cherry growing importance and its botanical description, pests and diseases cherry rootstock influence on the variety and rootstock description. The experimental part of the work specializes in the characterization of habitat and experimental material, describes methods of assessment and method of the experiment itself, the experiment results and the conclusions drawn. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different rootstocks on growth and fertility, selected varieties of cherries grown in the shape of the spindle in the third and sixth year after planting.
In the course of short-term plantings of cherries grown in the shape of the spindle it showed that rootstock P-HL-A variety 'Burlat' had a 19% increase compared with lusher 'Karešova' variety was planted on the same rootstock. Although the variety 'Karešova' had a smaller volume of crowns and reached compared to the variety 'Burlat' higher overall revenue (10.4%) and higher specific revenues, but the variety 'Burlat' reached about 10% higher compared to the average weight of the fruit variety 'Karešova'. Variety 'Sweet Early Panaro 1' on Gisela 5 rootstock had a 21% growth compared to the wilder variety 'Rita' (Gisela 5), higher total return (16.7%) was recorded in the variety 'Sweet Early Panaro 1', but specific (specific) revenues were a variety 'Rita' almost the same. Among the varieties 'Rita' and 'Sweet Early 1' Panaro was a big difference in the mean fetal weight. Variety 'Sweet Early Panaro 1' had a 40% higher compared to the average weight of the fruit variety 'Rita'.
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The status of Large Blues Phengaris population on the locality Labišťata near Přelouč
Myšková, Nikola ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kulma, Martin (referee)
In 2015, two butterfly species Phengaris teleius and Phengaris nausithous from the family Lycaenidae (Lycaenidae) were studied to obtain the basic knowledge of their occurrences in the Labišťata area, Přelouč. The hypothesis was formulated: The population size of Phengaris butterflies at Labišťata area is same as the population of the nearly locality Slavíkovy ostrovy. To obtain required data the capture - recapture method was used. Subsequently, the population sizes of investigated species were estimated using MARK Sowtware.
At all fields of Labišťata area, there were totally identified 139 individuals of P. teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) and 135 individuals of P. nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779). The population estimations were then calculated as 224 resp 294 butterflies. In comparison with Slavíkovy ostrovy (with the estimated population 5 105 individuals of P. teleius and 1 045 individuals of P.nausithous), the populations of both species at studied locality were significantly lower. Therefore, we disapproved the hypothesis.
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