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Nutrition in osteoporosis
SOTONOVÁ, Michaela
The Bachelor's thesis focuses on nutrition for osteoporosis. The main aim of the thesis is to determine and evaluate diet composition in the selected retirement home and to find out whether the composition of the diet corresponds to the requirements for osteoporosis prevention or nutrition therapy. Another aim is to create recommendations for menus in the retirement home which comply with the physiological needs of seniors. I would also like to find out whether the respondents know the relationship between individual nutrients and osteoporosis. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the physiology and anatomy of bones. Furthermore, it also concentrates on the characteristics of osteoporosis, its forms, symptoms, risk factors and diagnostics. The last section of the theoretical part focuses mainly on nutrition, which is related to osteoporosis. In the Bachelor's thesis, I emphasize the importance of calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and other key macro and micronutrients associated with this disease. The research part of the Bachelor's thesis was carried out using a quantitative and qualitative research method. The quantitative part of the research was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey in the retirement home in Strakonice. The paper questionnaire was distributed to 30 respondents (15 women and 15 men). It was divided into two parts. The first part focuses on awareness of this disease. The second part deals with the respondents' knowledge of the role of nutrients in osteoporosis. Next, the qualitative research method was used to obtain weekly menu that is used to prepare meals for people with osteoporosis. I entered the weekly menu into the Nutriservis Professional program and then evaluated it. I specifically paid attention to the sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake. I processed the results of the research into graphs using Microsoft Excel 2016.
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Effect of selected inflammatory agents on the osteoclastogenesis
Škubica, Patrik ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hušáková, Markéta (referee)
Introduction: Bone is a highly active tissue throughout life and is a subject to constant remodelling. Main cells responsible for continuous resorption and de novo synthesis of bone matrix are osteoclast, osteoblasts and osteocytes. Osteoclasts are the only known type of cells able to resorb bone. These cells are formed by fusion of precursor cells in bone marrow or peripheral blood in a process called osteoclastogenesis. Formation of osteoclasts may be of importance concerning chronic inflammatory diseases that are linked with higher risk of developing osteoporosis during lifespan. Celiac disease is one of those diseases, which is characterized by destruction of intestinal mucosa after ingestion of gluten by susceptible individuals followed by induction of chronic inflammation. In this work, we focused on the potential role of osteoclastogenesis in the development of osteoporosis in patients with celiac disease and we studied roles of selected inflammatory agents (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ a cfDNA) with supposed or hypothesised effects on osteoclastogenesis. Material & Methods: We obtained plasma and serum samples from newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease, patients on gluten free diet and healthy controls and analysed concentrations of cfDNA and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ in...
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Prevention of osteoporosis in malabsorption syndrome
Křížková, Ivana ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Raška, Ivan (referee)
Introduction: The topic of this thesis is the Prevention of Osteoporosis in Malabsorption Syndrome. The thesis is divided into two parts; theoretical and practical. The theoretical work in the first part deals with osteoporosis and osteoporosis risk factors with a focus on nutritional factors. Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease of the skeleton characterised by decreased bone mass and changes in the quality of bone tissue. The etiology of osteoporosis is multifactorial. Malabsorption syndrome causes the small intestine, which is essential for absorbing nutrients, to malfunction. In the second part of the theoretical work, attention is paid to malabsorption syndrome and diseases that lead to its development. Objective: The objective of this work is to draw a comparison between the intake of calcium and other important nutrients in relation to bone metabolism for people with lactose intolerance, and compare this with recommended values and a control group of people without lactose intolerance. Methods: Dietary habits were evaluated using a questionnaire method and a detailed analysis of a four-day diet. The Nutriservis Professional programme was used to evaluate diets (determine energy values, amount of essential nutrients, fibre, calcium, plus other minerals and vitamins). Bone mineral...
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Risk of osteoporosis in breast cancer survivors: nutritional aspects
Vorudová, Jana ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis belongs to multifactorial metabolic skeletal disease. The breast carcinoma is one of the most common malignities in women worldwide (with an exception of skin tumours). Postmenopausal women with non-metastatic breast carcinoma, which are treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI), have increased risk of developing osteoporosis. In these patients, it is necessary to identify the factors contributing to onset of osteoporosis which can be influenced, and take protective measures towards bone metabolism, in order to reduce the occurrence of serious low-traumatic fractures. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the diet with regard to risk factors leading to osteoporosis and bone fractures in postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma without metastases, which are treated with AI. Another objective for this group of women is to evaluate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and certain parameters of body composition during long-term treatment of AI. Methods: The present study is based on a questionnaire containing a table to quote a three day diet, which was subsequently analysed to identify the overall energetic income, the income of proteins, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fibre and calcium. The supply of vitamin D was deduced for the serum concentration of...
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Nutrition of fitness center clients with a particular focus on protein and calcium intake
Figalová, Sandra ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
The subject of this dissertation pertains to the importance of the consumption of protein and calcium in the diet. The theoretical section is a comprehensive study of protein and calcium, detailing their composition and function, taking into consideration the essential nature of the nutrients in the human body. Sources of protein and calcium from both animals and plants are thoroughly examined. Special attention is given to factors and foods which influence the absorption of protein and calcium in the human body. Discussed is the relationship between the nutrients and the repercussions of their inappropriate proportions in our organism. The dissertation examines the correct amount of the nutrients, and illness and organ malfunction connected with the deficiency of protein and calcium. The practical section of the dissertation looks at the eating habits of the clients of a fitness club. In the world of fitness centres there is an abundance of dietary advice, the majority of which does not correspond to general nutritional recommendations, and as such can have a negative effect on health and well being. Quantitative research in the form of questionnaires focuses on the consumption of protein and calcium not just specific to members of fitness centres. Evaluated are the overall eating habits and...
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Nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis
Šimková, Simona ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This diploma focuses on the topic of nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the theoretical part I focus on osteoporosis as the definition of the disease, epidemiology and etiology. Clinical manifestations of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment are also mentioned. An important part of the thesis is a description of the risk factors and especially the specification of the nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. The nutrients which are connected or could be connected to the disease are also described. Additionally, the influence of physical activity and smoking is mentioned. The last part is focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the nutrition status of patients with osteoporosis. Few steps were carried out to achieve the target of the thesis. First, the theoretical part was written according to the published bibliography, then the research was performed. The research was attended by 60 women patients from osteological ambulatory in Prague and České Budějovice. The research has several parts that are consequently evaluated. Specifically, a short questionnaire concentrating on the intake of calcium or movement activity of the respondents was made. Another part was a frequency...
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Significance of detection of the ApoE gene and MTHFR gene polymorphisms for osteoporosis.
ŠILHOVÁ, Markéta
Osteoporosis is the sceletal metabolic disease characterized by changes of bone tissue and disfunction of mechanic bone resistance which can lead to numerous bone fractures. Osteoporosis is frequently diagnosed in patients older than 60 years, also advanced age patients are not an exception for this disease. The most frequently affected group of patients is postmenopausal women. Prevalence of osteoporosis still rises. Nowadays more than 200 millions of people suffer from osteoporosis and one million of patients from Czech republic. Osteoporosis have became a serious complication affecting not only medical but also an economic field. Based on these findings, osteoporosis should be considered as an important topic even from the perspective of genetic risk factors. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to write a specialized research focused on introduced topic, summarize accessible information about osteoporosis, including diagnosis and genetic predisposition. I have focused especially on genes ApoE and MTHFR677. ApoE plays an important role in sceletal homeostasis. The highest risk for osteoporosis development is the presence of alel 4 gene for alipoprotein E. Gen MTHFR677 is mostly associated with bone mineral density located in femoral neck. An experimental part of bachelor thesis was based on laboratory practice in molecular biology field inluding isolation of DNA from peripheral blood, PCR technique, detection of PCR products by gel agarose electrophoresis, analysis of ApoE gel by MyTaq Red DNA Polymerase kit and 2x PCRBIO HS Taq Mix, analysis of MTHFR677 gene by MyTaq Red DNA Polymerase kit. Analysis of ApoE gene is based on ARMS PCR method, on the other hand analysis of MTHFR677 is based on RFLP PCR method. I have performed the laboratory practice within the Laboratory of genetics GENLABS in České Budějovice.
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Stress - strain analysis of jaw with tooth implant type BOI
Marcián, Petr ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Submitted master thesis deals with stress - strain analysis of jaw, with dental implant. The implant serve as a suitable pillar for crown or dental bridge, when one or more teeth are lost. The project is oriented on BOI (basale - oseo - integrable) dental implant type, which is produced by DENTALIHDE company. Stress – strain condition of the mandible system with implant have been established by computational simulation, with use of the final elements method. Important part of down jowl is simulated on with EDS and EDDS applied types of implants. After implementation the implant begins to heal. Therefore the special attention is paid to stress - strain states on various level of osteointegration. There is a detail description of production of single part computational model and his solving in the master thesis. Presentation of large chapter with results and subsequent alteration stress - strain analysis is part of the master thesis. Program SolidWorks 2005 was used to create the geometric model. Computational model and the actual solving was accomplished with use of ANSYS 11.0 and ANSYS Wor-kbench systems.
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