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Optimization of methods for protein analysis released from thermosensitive hydrogel
Lysáková, Klára ; Brtníková, Jana (referee) ; Vojtová, Lucy (advisor)
Předložená diplomová práce je zaměřena na metody hodnocení modelových proteinů (albuminu a lysozymu) a tkáňového léčivého proteinu (stabilního fibroblastového růstového faktoru 2; FGF2-stab) z „inteligentního“ hydrogelového nosiče na bázi biologicky odbouratelného termosenzitivního PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblokového kopolymeru. V teoretické části je zpracován stručný přehled termocitlivých polymerů, jejich vlastnosti, struktura a využití výše uvedených proteinů. Dále jsou zmíněny typy interakcí, které mohou nastat mezi proteiny a polymerními nosiči. V experimentální části byla struktura blokového PLGA-PEG-PLGA kopolymeru charakterizována gelovou permeační chromatografií a 1H NMR, zatímco jeho viskoelastické vlastnosti včetně sol-gel přechodu byly hodnoceny reologickou analýzou. Hlavním cílem práce bylo lepší pochopení uvolňování nově patentovaného FGF2-stab proteinu z injektovatelného PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogelu tvořícího při gel při fyziologické teplotě. Množství uvolněného FGF2-stab bylo měřeno UV-VIS spektrofotometrem v přítomnosti Bradfordova činidla, které se váže na proteiny, což vede k posunu jejich absorpčních maxim z 280 nm na 595nm. Pro srovnání byla použita SDS-page elektroforéza, dělící protein podle molekulové hmotnosti. Bylo zjištěno, že modelové proteiny, které byly různé velikosti, ale převážně nepolární povahy, vykazovaly dvoustupňové uvolňování, zatímco FGF2-stab (25 kg.mol-1) vykazoval z PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogelu řízené jednostupňové uvolňování, které probíhalo pouhou difúzí, jelikož se jedná převážně o polární molekulu, která se nachází pravděpodobně na povrchu micel, a ne v jejich jádru. Tyto výsledky jsou velmi důležité pro vyladění uvolňování proteinů z hydrogelových nosičů tak, aby vyhovovaly určité aplikaci, v tomto případě řízené regeneraci tkání.
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Use of antimicrobial products of animal origin in cosmetics
Puškárová, Radka ; Bokrová, Jitka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis deals with characterization a whey in free and encapsulated form and its application to cosmetic industry. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of whey, especially on its antimicrobial properties, and use of this effect in selected cosmetics preparatives. Further, methods of encapsulation and particles characterization were described. In the experimental part, antimicrobial properties of whey were tested by two different methods. Whey was encapsulated into three different types of particles: liposomes, alginate and chitosan. Long-term colloid stability of particles during one and three weeks of storage in model conditions was tested. Further, particles were added into model skin creams. Long-term sedimentation stability of these emulsions was analyzed by analytical centrifuge.
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Preparation of PCR-ready DNA
Čuta, Robert ; Vojtíšková, Marie (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
In these days are probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) very often used in food processing industry, such as milk products, cheese and fermented salami production. As well as the food conservation agent. Except of the industry usage of the LAB there are microbiological aspects. Identification of the bacterial species methods based on the isolation and amplification of DNA are very often used last few years. Diploma thesis deal with the bacterial cell of Lactobacillus species lysis and it´s optimalization. At first it was tested the optimal concentration of lysozyme (3mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml) and the exposure times (3, 5 a 10 hours). Another testing was aimed to the use and suitability of washing powder to the bacterial cell of Lactobacillus species lysis. I tested the Amway washing powder optimal concentration (1%, 2%, 3% a 4%). Four of another comercial washing powders were tested too. All these tests were performed at the pure Lactobacillus bacterial culture. To ensure the results I tested the washing powders at the real food matrix (Acidified milk, yogurt mango, yogurt white). All the methods were evaluated at the amplification method PCR with specific primers for the Lactobacillus genus. The DNA isolation was performed with the paramagnetic microsperes P(HEMA-co-GMA) and the amount of the DNA was quantified spectrophotometrically. The PCR products detection was performed with the agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Antimicrobial peptides and their application into foods
Janhuba, Filip ; Petrik, Siniša (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The presented thesis is focused on a study of antimicrobial peptides and their potential applications into foods. Two types of antimicrobial peptides were studied in detail - bacteriocin nisin and antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme. In theoretical part an overview of antimicrobial peptides used in food industry was introduced. The experimental part of this work was focused on optimization of methods for the determination of antimicrobial peptides concentration. Commonly used spectrophotometric methods for quantitative analysis of total proteins as well as high performance liquid chromatography were tested. To determine the molecular weight and purity a modified SDS-PAGE with the addition of urea and tricine buffer was performed. Further, encapsulation of nisin into liposome was tested. Encapsulated particles were prepared by three different procedures: by ultrasonication, ethanol injection and TLE. Particles stability, distribution and size were studied by dynamic light scattering. Stability of encapsulated peptides in model conditions and model foods was studied too. Finally, antibacterial properties of the selected peptides using test system Bacillus subtilis were studied. Nisin already showed antimicrobial effect at low concentrations - about 1 µg/ml. The inhibitory effect of nisin was more evident in liquid cultures.
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Characterization of organic nanoparticles with encapsulated antimicrobial peptides
Vejrostová, Petra ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on characterization of particles containing encapsulated antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme. The theoretical part deals with characterization of antimicrobial peptides and their description. Further part of review was focused on lysozyme, the selected representative used in this thesis, its structure, mechanism of action and possible usage. In the experimental part the Hartree-Lowry method was used for lysozyme detection, determination of encapsulation efficiency and for detecting the amount of lysozyme released after incubation in model physiological environment and in model foods. In process of encapsulation the highest amount of lysozyme was packed into 1% chitosan particles, manually prepared alginate particles and into liposomes. During study of stability of particles in model foods as the least stable manually prepared chitosan particles were found. The released lysozyme exhibited changes probably caused by its degradation. The highest influence on particles proved 3% acetic acid. During studying the stability of the particles in artificial digestive fluids as the most unstable manually prepared chitosan particles were found, while alginate particles were the most stable. The thesis also deals with changes in antimicrobial activity of encapsulated lysozyme in prepared particles and after its application into the model environments. A gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis was used in order to test the antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial tests showed that after encapsulation antimicrobial activity of lysozyme was substantially decreased in most samples. Size and stability of prepared particles was tested using dynamic light scattering.
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Interactions of prosthetic material with proteins
Osifová, Zuzana ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of ocular prostheses. This problem is in thesis widely researched. Emphasis is placed on protein adsorption onto synthetic surface. Experimental part of the thesis focuses on lysozyme adsorption onto polymethylmethacrylate surface. Protein adsorption was lower than the specified limit of detection. According to experimental data was this amount lower than 5,37 μg/cm2 . In the thesis was conducted survey on secondary education students' awareness of ocular prosthesis. The results show slightly greater awareness of science-oriented students.
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Optimization of methods for protein analysis released from thermosensitive hydrogel
Lysáková, Klára ; Brtníková, Jana (referee) ; Vojtová, Lucy (advisor)
Předložená diplomová práce je zaměřena na metody hodnocení modelových proteinů (albuminu a lysozymu) a tkáňového léčivého proteinu (stabilního fibroblastového růstového faktoru 2; FGF2-stab) z „inteligentního“ hydrogelového nosiče na bázi biologicky odbouratelného termosenzitivního PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblokového kopolymeru. V teoretické části je zpracován stručný přehled termocitlivých polymerů, jejich vlastnosti, struktura a využití výše uvedených proteinů. Dále jsou zmíněny typy interakcí, které mohou nastat mezi proteiny a polymerními nosiči. V experimentální části byla struktura blokového PLGA-PEG-PLGA kopolymeru charakterizována gelovou permeační chromatografií a 1H NMR, zatímco jeho viskoelastické vlastnosti včetně sol-gel přechodu byly hodnoceny reologickou analýzou. Hlavním cílem práce bylo lepší pochopení uvolňování nově patentovaného FGF2-stab proteinu z injektovatelného PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogelu tvořícího při gel při fyziologické teplotě. Množství uvolněného FGF2-stab bylo měřeno UV-VIS spektrofotometrem v přítomnosti Bradfordova činidla, které se váže na proteiny, což vede k posunu jejich absorpčních maxim z 280 nm na 595nm. Pro srovnání byla použita SDS-page elektroforéza, dělící protein podle molekulové hmotnosti. Bylo zjištěno, že modelové proteiny, které byly různé velikosti, ale převážně nepolární povahy, vykazovaly dvoustupňové uvolňování, zatímco FGF2-stab (25 kg.mol-1) vykazoval z PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogelu řízené jednostupňové uvolňování, které probíhalo pouhou difúzí, jelikož se jedná převážně o polární molekulu, která se nachází pravděpodobně na povrchu micel, a ne v jejich jádru. Tyto výsledky jsou velmi důležité pro vyladění uvolňování proteinů z hydrogelových nosičů tak, aby vyhovovaly určité aplikaci, v tomto případě řízené regeneraci tkání.
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Influence of nanoparticles and polymers on the amyloid fibril formation
Holubová, Monika ; Štěpánek, Petr (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Miroslav (referee) ; Nardin, Corrine (referee)
The thesis deals with the testing of amyloidogenicity of various carbon nanoparticles and polymers. The first part of the thesis provides the theoretical background of amyloidoses, a group of diseases in which proteins are stored in the insoluble form of amyloid. In addition, the theoretical part also deals with a general overview of nanomaterials and the most important methods. Several types of nanomaterials were tested within the thesis, so the part Results and Discussion was divided into two subchapters: 1) Carbon nanospecies and amyloid fibril formation, and 2) Polysaccharides, glycogen modifications and amyloid fibril formation. The first subchapter concerns the testing of four types of carbon nanoparticles (single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), fullerenes (C60), carbon quantum dots (CDs) and nanodiamonds (NDs)). These materials were tested on a model system hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Using fluorescence measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the nanoparticles were ranked from the most to the least amyloidogenic as follows: NDs> control> C60> CDs> SWNT. The second subchapter deals with the effect of selected polysaccharides (glycogen (GG), mannan (MAN), phytoglycogen (PG)) and modified GG on amyloid fibril formation. These materials were tested on the HEWL model system,...
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Influence of nanoparticles and polymers on the amyloid fibril formation
Holubová, Monika ; Štěpánek, Petr (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Miroslav (referee) ; Nardin, Corrine (referee)
The thesis deals with the testing of amyloidogenicity of various carbon nanoparticles and polymers. The first part of the thesis provides the theoretical background of amyloidoses, a group of diseases in which proteins are stored in the insoluble form of amyloid. In addition, the theoretical part also deals with a general overview of nanomaterials and the most important methods. Several types of nanomaterials were tested within the thesis, so the part Results and Discussion was divided into two subchapters: 1) Carbon nanospecies and amyloid fibril formation, and 2) Polysaccharides, glycogen modifications and amyloid fibril formation. The first subchapter concerns the testing of four types of carbon nanoparticles (single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), fullerenes (C60), carbon quantum dots (CDs) and nanodiamonds (NDs)). These materials were tested on a model system hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Using fluorescence measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the nanoparticles were ranked from the most to the least amyloidogenic as follows: NDs> control> C60> CDs> SWNT. The second subchapter deals with the effect of selected polysaccharides (glycogen (GG), mannan (MAN), phytoglycogen (PG)) and modified GG on amyloid fibril formation. These materials were tested on the HEWL model system,...
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Detekce patogenů pomocí molekulárně imprintovaných polymerů
Hutařová, Jitka
The theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with molecularly imprinted polymers. Properties of the monomers and templates used for the polymerization are described. Part is devoted to the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers and interactions leading to the formation of imprinted polymers. Imprinting technologies and strategies, template removal methods, detection methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of the molecular imprinting are included. Also the applications in various fields, focusing mainly on the area of imprinting proteins and pathogens are discussed in details. The experimental part deals with optimization of the preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer based on dopamine subsequently used especially for the isolation and detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The polymer was coated over a microscope slide, into the 96-well microplate and on a surface of magnetic particles. Fluorescence spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy were used for analyte detection. The developed technique was capable of isolating the target (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) at relatively low concentrations (1.103 CFU.ml-1).
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