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Development of mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa during the period 1990-2009
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
The aim of this study was to compare the development of mortality level within individual phases of human life during the period 1990-2009 in selected countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Two groups of countries were compared. The first group included countries only marginally afflicted with HIV/AIDS disease. The second group contained populations with higher proportion of people with HIV infection. Differences between the two groups were revealed in areas of age-specific mortality rates and various indicators of probability of dying within individual phases of human life. Differences were apparent in all examined areas (child, adult and overall mortality). Attention was also paid to causes of death. In this part of analysis, a different mortality structure by cause was observed between the representatives of both groups of countries.
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INFECTION AS A RISK FACTOR DURING PREGNANCY
HRUBEŠOVÁ, Martina
The thesis Infection as a risk factor during pregnancy is divided into two parts {--} theoretical and practical {--} and has a character of a research study. The theoretical part deals with aspects of infections during pregnancy. The main attention is paid to the questions of pregnant women colonized with group B Streptococci (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) which may cause a large scale of infectious diseases in newborns, including the life threatening sepsis. This part of the thesis is divided into seven chapters. They provide brief information on the etiological agent, risk factors, clinical picture of the disease, current possibilities of the disease diagnostics. The present day system of the optimal procedure of screening to identify women colonized with GBS and the procedure of the intrapartal antibiotic prophylaxis are also mentioned in the theoretical part. The objective of the practical part is to find the percentage of newborn infants delivered by mothers colonized with GBS who are also colonized with GBS despite their mothers having been treated by the intrapart antibiotic prophylaxis. The hypothesis I assumes that the intrapart antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to women colonized with GBS more than 4 hours before delivery. The hypothesis II presumes that newborns of GBS positive mothers who had been administered the antibiotic prophylaxis at least 4 hours before delivery were not colonized with GBS. The quantitative research was used to verify or reject the hypotheses. It was carried out by the retrospective analysis of medical records of women who gave birth between 1 June 2006 and 8 August 2007 at the maternity hospital in České Budejovice and had been colonized with GBS. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the antibiotic prophylaxis carried out in the maternity hospital in České Budejovice and to introduce the conclusions into practice and training.
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Thematic Apperception test in drug users
Slavíčková, Tereza ; Goldmann, Petr (advisor) ; Soukupová, Tereza (referee)
SLAVÍČKOVÁ, T. Tématicko apercepční test u uživatelů drog. Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze, 2012. 140 s. Diplomová práce. Diplomová práce měla za cíl odhalit specifika použití TAT u problémových a závislých uživatelů drog a na základě srovnání s výsledky, kterých v testu dosáhla kontrolní skupina, přinést evidenci pro zhodnocení diagnostického potenciálu TAT u uživatelů drog. Výzkumné šetření bylo provedeno v Kolíně na klientech nízkoprahového kontaktního centra, které poskytuje služby harm reduction skryté populaci uživatelů nealkoholových drog. Těžiště výzkumu bezprostředně souvisí s metodou analýzy příběhů, jejichž vyprávění bylo u probandů vyvoláno předložením tabulí TAT. K analýze příběhů byl použit psychometricky zakotvený skórovací systém SCORS (Social Cognition - Object Relation Scale) současného amerického autora D. Westena. Použití TAT u uživatelů drog tak bylo zaměřeno na zhodnocení úrovně jejich fungování v sociálních vztazích. Metodologický princip diplomové práce tkví v induktivním usuzování a statistickém zpracování dat. Způsob zpracování dat, který je až na několik oblastí výhradně v režii kvantitativních metod, spolu s dostatečně velkým souborem zkoumaných osob umožňuje zobecnění důležitých rozdílů ve výsledcích TAT u výzkumné a kontrolní skupiny. V rámci analýzy...
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Change of the Concept of Terrorism in Practise
Pejcha, Zdeněk ; Makariusová, Radana (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis demonstrates the general change of theoretical concept of terrorism. The general concept of terrorism is divided into two "subsections": "old" terrorism and "new" terrorism. These two subsections are different in their basic characteristics. So the general change between the "old" and "new" terrorism is illustrated using the four cases of terrorist groups (Irish Republican Army, Basque Homeland and Freedom, Hamas and al Qaeda). In order to make successful demonstration of the change of the theoretical concept of terrorism the author chose three variables. These variables are: structure of organization, ideology or aim and methods of terrorist attack. The basic assumption is that these three variables are very helpful in order to depicture the changes in the framework of the terrorist groups and also the general change of the theoretical concept of terrorism
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Leader skills research
Davidová, Renata ; Chylíková, Hana (advisor) ; Drozen, František (referee)
The paper focuses on the basic characteristics of leading and approaches to leading people. The aim is to find out, which skills predestinate a person to become a leader. To detect, if there are any differences between leading people and university students in their leading skills and abilities. To stress the importance of developing these skills.
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Autoantibodies against cancer-retina antigens in the serum of melanoma patients
Niebauerová, Iva ; Drahošová, Marcela (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
An investigation presented in this thesis was concerned in production of cancer- retina proteins and the study of autoantibody reaction against them in the sera of melanoma patients. The photoreceptor genes and transcripts (mRNA) are presented not only in the photoreceptor cells, but they also occure in other tissues of neuroectodermal origin - melanocytes, melanoma, pineal glands and some other tumor cells (small cell lung carcinoma). The specific photoreceptor proteins are normally expressed only in photoreceptor cells, but in case of melanoma and other tumor cells, they can be also detected [Bazhin et al., 2006]. If photoreceptor proteins are produced outside the neuroimmunoprivileged zone, they provoke autoantibody reactions and the immune system recognizes them as antigens. By some oncologic patients it was even observed a damage of retinal cells, rods and cones, which was based on the destructive reaction of autoantibodies against photoreceptor proteins. This kind of disease belongs to the group of paraneoplastic syndromes, disorders which are connected to cancer presence in organism, but not caused by tumor itself. In this case we are talking about MAR (melanoma associated retinophaty) and CAR (carcinoma associated retinopathy) [Bazhin et al., 2007]. The photoreceptor proteins, I was working...
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The Language of Partly Prepared Speech (guides)
Hlaváčková, Klára ; Sojka, Pavel (referee) ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor)
Professional public show considerable interest in a form of spoken language. The dissertation The Language of Semi-prepared Speeches (Guides in Castles and Chateaux)' has the honour to extend this area of research. The base of this essay is material obtained by field research. Speeches of ten guides in twelve sights were screened by phonetic and phonological analysis. The aim of this analysis was a description of the language in the communication that springs up between visitors of sights and their guides. Furthermore, we are dealing with basic anomalies of literary pronunciation and we are trying to observe some stereotypes in the speech of this profession group. Step by step this dissertation is dealing with vowels, it is observing their quantity (stretching, reducing), quality (open, closed pronunciation, reduction, vowels changes, elision) and prothetic form. Chapters about analysis of consonants, especially their elision, are the next. There is also a passage analysing sentence intonation. The end is dealing with a speech tempo. What is the speech of the surveyed guides like then? The answer is in the content of the dissertation.
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Evaluating the Effect of Spa Treatment for Ideopatic Scoliosis
Bílková, Martina ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Novotná, Irena (referee)
Title Evaluating the Effect of Spa Treatment for Ideopatic Scoliosis Objectives The main objective of this work is to evaluate effect of spa treatment for children with ideopatic scoliosis at age of 12-15 years. My objective was to find out the efficiency of spa treatment. I also would like to find out a long-term effect while comparing girls and boys. A long-effect means, that the spa effect will last at least until the next spa visit. The next objective was to find out how many children are affected by ideopatic scoliosis, or how many children suffer from bad body posture. I was also seeking, if there is sufficient number of spa centers for treating these kinds of diseases in Czech Republic. Methods This work has a scientific character. It is a retrospective study focused on evaluation of the effect of spa treatment for children with ideopatic scoliosis. For evaluating the rate of improvement, informations from semi-standartized tests was used. These tests are used in the spa centre in Lázně Bělohrad, Czech Republic. I extracted a selected category of patients, compared these data, and visualised them in a graphs. There are 5 physioterapists working in this centre, and all of them are using the same methods for patient monitoring. However, all data had to be standardised before working with them,...
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Responding to the Holocaust: the survivor's complex in reality and fiction
Míčková, Klára ; Frankl, Michal (referee) ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor)
The survivor's complex is indeed a complicated matter which in itself might be discussed in greater detail than suggested here. Defining it mainly on psychological and psychiatric grounds is best suitable for the attempted literary analysis of the characters' inner souls and mental burdens. However, it could also be approached from social or cultural views which for the sake of the main theme of my thesis, which is to apply conclusions regarding authentic survivors and their real post-Holocaust lives to the characters created by the imaginative minds of fiction writers, I omit. Likewise, Cynthia Ozick's Rosa and Saul Bellow's Mr. Sammler's Planet can be treated purely as works of literary imagination without taking the survivor's complex into account and discussed in terms of their narrations or themes only. Nevertheless, without studying the survivor's complex, an important part of the works', or better characters' analyses would be neglected. I am not suggesting that all fiction about the Holocaust incorporates and displays the survivor's complex, but the complex still remains a part of most (both authentic and fictional) survivors' post-Holocaust lives and should therefore be given enough space in the analyses of works which deal with the theme of the Holocaust. The aim of the first part of this work was...
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Influence of physical load to electrical activity of muscles
Kadeřábek, Jan ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis describes influence of physical load on electrical activity of muscles. In each of bachelor’s thesis chapters are analyzed questions of measurement EMG signals and their elaboration, include statistic attestation of influence physical load on electrical activity of muscles. EMG signals were received from group of 10 students and in program acqKnowledge, were taken off parameters for statistic elaboration. In created program were due to time and frequency analysis calculated parameters of EMG records, which can also describe influence of physical load. Accomplishments of this project are the tables with measured data, their graphs, statistics attestation of influence physical load on electrical activity of muscles and program, which can do time and frequency analysis of measured records. On significance level 10% was verified hypothesis, that physical load influence electrical activity of muscles.
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